Piezoelectric Based Energy Harvesting
Piezoelectric Based Energy HarvestingGroup 3April 29, 2008Advisor: Bruce McNairMembers: Arturo Dizon, Michael Ivey, Neil Patel, Mark VizthumI pledge my honor that I have abided by the Stevens Honor System.
Table of ContentsI. Abstract1I.1. Acknowledgement1II. Implemented Prototype1II.1. Introduction1II.2. Prototype Specification2Test Procedures4II.3. Prototype Performance and Evaluation4II.4. Financial Budget5Project Expenses6Parts List6II.5. Project Schedule7III. Conclusion7IV. References8V. AppendicesA-1Appendix A: Gant ChartA-1Appendix B: Flow ChartB-1Appendix C: Circuit DiagramC-1Appendix D: Parts ListD-1Appendix E: Pictures from Senior Design ExpoE-1Figure AE-1Figure BE-1Figure CE-2Figure DE-2i
I. AbstractThe following report contains official documentation for senior design group 3,piezoelectric based energy harvesting. Contained within this report is a comprehensivedesign and analysis of a new product: a piezoelectric based energy scavenging floor tilethat harvests energy from foot strikes and send wireless signals for building surveillancepurposes. The design will utilize ZigBee wireless transmission for communicationbetween the tile and a remote computer. The tile will work in two different ways. Duringtimes in which security monitoring is not needed and people will be walking on the floorcontinuously, the tile will harvest the energy created by the piezoelectric strips. Whenbeing used as a security sensor, any step on the tile will create energy that is sent to amicroprocessor and the microprocessor will send a short message to the remotecomputer noting that there was movement in the floor. This report includes thedevelopment, implementation, and tests conducted in the design of the prototype of thefloor tile. The group was successfully able to harvest enough energy using piezoelectricmaterials in the floor tile to power a microprocessor and send a signal.I.1. AcknowledgementTraditional ceramic piezoelectric materials are very brittle, and have low electricalenergy outputs per unit strain. Materials research and technology improvements havechanged the perspective entirely, and the application of piezoelectric to a multitude ofnew applications is becoming an achievable possibility in light of these technologicalbreakthroughs. Some examples include active smart sporting goods, next generationaircraft, automobiles, motorcycles, wireless sensors, acoustical equipment, sports gear,industrial equipment, infrastructure, apparel and more. A company by the name ofAdvanced Cerametrics (ACI) in Lambertville, NJ, is a pioneer in this technologybreakthrough. They produce a composite material with an aluminum substrate, and PZTpiezoelectric fibers spun into the material. ACI’s composite materials generate ten timesthe amount of power from mechanical energy as other flexible forms of piezo materials,and life in the range of millions of cycles. A working relationship with AdvancedCerametrics has already been established, and they will function as a partner, consultantand material supplier for the duration of this project.II. Implemented PrototypeII.1. IntroductionPiezoelectric materials create electrical charge when mechanically stressed. Theconverse effect is also true for these materials, meaning application of an electrical forcecan cause mechanical movement. The below diagram summarizes this unique materialproperty.1
The material properties described above offer three very unique ways to develop a newand exciting commercial application:1) Signal Generation – electrical energy output of the material in response to strain isproportional, can be used as a sensor2) Energy Harvesting – trickle charge a battery, capacitor, or other energy storagedevice from repeated strains and/or oscillation3) Geometry Manipulation – feed varying voltages into material to createstrains/oscillationsTraditional ceramic piezoelectric materials are very brittle, and have low electricalenergy outputs per unit strain. Materials research and technology improvements havechanged the perspective entirely, and the application of piezoelectrics to a multitude ofnew applications is becoming an achievable possibility in light of these technologicalbreakthroughs. Some examples include active smart sporting goods, next generationaircraft, automobiles, motorcycles, wireless sensors, acoustical equipment, sports gear,industrial equipment, infrastructure, apparel and more.A prototype is defined as, “an original type, form, or instance serving as a basis orstandard for later stages” and “an original, full-scale, and usually working model of a newproduct.” The prototype developed by the team uses two of the concepts listed above,signal generation and energy harvesting. The team has created a floor tile design thatuses new innovative PZT fibers to collect electricity from a person walking. The harvestedenergy is used to power a microprocessor and wireless transmitter to detect a step on thetile and transmit a signal to a wireless security monitor, respectively.The prototype for this project consisted of a floor tile made out of Lexan in whichfour piezoelectric strips were mounted inside using an adjustable aluminum mountingblock, electrical components were mounted to the sidewall of the floor tile, and anactuation bar was mounted so that it was just enough to flick the strips using theactuation system. The electrical components consisted of four rectifiers connected to thepositive and negative ends of the piezoelectric strips. The outputs of the rectifiers wereconnected in parallel to provide power to the energy harvesting module, which stores theenergy from the people stepping on the floor tile. The energy harvesting module’s outputwas connected to a microprocessor, which was supposed to power and send a signal toa wireless transmitter. The wireless transmitter sends a message to a graphical userinterface indicating that someone has stepped on the floor tile. However, theimplemented prototype that was displayed at the Senior Design Expo consistedeverything but the wireless component of the prototype. The group was not able tosuccessfully integrate the wireless transmitter with the electrical circuitry as it will beexplained in the sections below.II.2. Prototype SpecificationThis section will provide detailed design and functionality specifications of the maincomponents of the project. For reference, a system level diagram (Appendix B) and2
circuit level diagram (Appendix C) of the prototype have been provided in theappendices. Also, all critical parts used in the prototype are listed in Appendix D.The first component is the oscillating piezoelectric strip. To increase outputvoltage, the mechanical group incorporated 4 piezoelectric strips into the final prototype.Our testing results showed an average output of 39 volts from a single strip whendeflected. The output from each strip was connected together, passed through individualrectifiers, and entered the energy harvesting PCB in series. Due to using the energyharvesting PCB, impedance matching was no longer a concern. The previous designreport specified a resistor being placed in series with the output of the piezoelectric strip.According to our sponsor Advanced Cerametrics, the energy harvesting PCB addressesthe impedance matching issue.The second component is the energy harvesting circuitry. As previous stated thegroup used an energy harvesting PCB (EH301) developed by ALD. According to theengineers at Advanced Cerametrics, this PCB could harvest enough energy to charge a1000uF capacitor in only a few flicks of the piezoelectric strip. The group decided to usethis PCB after a strong recommendation from Advanced Cerametrics. Forimplementation, the positive and negative input from the piezoelectric strips wasconnected to the positive and negative inputs of the bridge rectifier, and then to the PCB.Once adequate energy was provided to charge the 1000uF capacitor to 5.3V, itdischarges to the microprocessor thro
piezoelectric based energy harvesting. Contained within this report is a comprehensive design and analysis of a new product: a piezoelectric based energy scavenging floor tile that harvests energy from foot strikes and send wireless signals for building surveillance purposes. The design wi
Alternative Resources for Renewable Energy: Piezoelectric and Photovoltaic Smart Structures 265 piezoelectric devices equals to US 10.6 billion and a high growth is expected over a 5-year period and to reach a value of US 19.5 billion by 2012. Energy harvesting applications for piezoelectric devices is less than 10% however it can
composite laminated piezoelectric plates. Raju and Rao [8] presented the effects of size and location of piezoelectric actuators on the cross-ply laminated composite plates excited by piezoelectric actuators. Sawarkaret al. [9] developed the Semi-analytical solutions for static analysis of piezoelectric laminates.
PIEZOELECTRIC FLOOR TILES How Energy Harvesting Technologies Power the Internet of Things Piezoelectric energy harvesting Certain types of materials, including certain crystals, ceramics and even bone, DNA and some proteins accumulate electric charge when mechanical stresses are applied. By
installed piezoelectric materials in its dance floor to turn patrons' moves into electricity that is used to change the color of the floor's surface. After Club Watt, the piezoelectric floors kept coming. A Tokyo railway station installed a piezoelectric floor
Energy Harvesting from Wood Floor Vibration Using a Piezoelectric Generator . 3 . The piezoelectric charge constant α is defined as the electric polarization generated in a material per unit mechanical stress applied to it. Alternatively, it is the mechanical strain experienced by the material per unit electric field applied to it. For example .Cited by: 2Publish Year: 2017Author: Jiangming Kan, Rober
APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS A comprehensive review on piezoelectric energy harvesting technology: Materials, mechanisms, and applications Huicong Liu,1,2,a),b) Junwen Zhong,3,a) Chengkuo Lee,2,4,5,6,7,b) Seung-Wuk Lee,8,b) and Liwei Lin3,b) 1Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Robotics, School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
The energy harvesting input turrets allow harvested energy to be routed to the input of each IC, and the batteries serve as a backup supply which can be charged or unused if energy from the transducers is sufficient to power the load. The four energy-harvesting ICs switch between these sources, using all available harvested energy and as much .
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