SPRAY APPLICATION EQUIPMENT - P2 InfoHouse
SPRAY APPLICATION EQUIPMENTSession 5-1 10Copyright@Ron Joseph & Associates, Inc.All rights reserved. January 1991, No part of this publication may bo reproduced or distributed inany form or by any moans, or stored in B data bass or a retrieval system. without tho priorpermission of Ron Joseph E Asspoiatas. Inc.im
CONVENTIONAL AIR ATOMIZED SPRAYThe conventional air atomizing spray gun was the first method ever used t o spray-apply paintand coating materials, and it is still the most widely used spray gun in use today. It has agreat deal of appeal for spray painters because of operator control. Basically, the functionof the air atomizing spray gun is t o use compressed air t o disperse coating material into smalldroplets and to propel the droplets toward a target.Where used Fabricators and repair shopsQuality furniture and cabinet manufacturers and refinishesContract and custom coatersDo-it-yourself handymanTypical Application Pressure- Typical air-spray pressure forsyphon and pressure spray40 to 60 psi- Typical fluid pressure forpressure spraySession 5-1 105 to 15 psiPage #I
CONVENTIONAL AIR ATOMIZED SPRAYDisadvantagesAdvantagest LOW equipment cost Low maintenanceExcellent material atomization* Excellent operator controlQuick color change capabilities uses nlgn volume o t airDevelops excessive spray dustand overspray fogDoes not adapt to high-volumematerial outputLow transfer efficienciesCoating can be applied bysyphon or under pressureSession 5-1 10Page #2 2
CONVENTIONAL AIRATOMIZING SPRAYI 'Fluid PressureAir I?res40 -80:d-
EFFECT OF FLUID FLOW RATEON TRANSFER EFFICIENCY Retention TimebShort. . . .-Strive for the lowest fluid flow ratethat will do the job
AIR-ASSISTED AIRLESS SPRAYAir-assisted airless spray combines compressed air with hydraulic pressure t o atomize thecoating material into finer droplets than is achieved with pure airless spray. With thecompressed air-assist, the normal airless hydraulic pressure can be reduced by 5 0 % or more,which allows the operator t o have more control with improved application results.Where Used High-volume furniture production and cabinet manufacturers.Maintenance coatings.Military contractors.Where improved transfer efficiency is required.Typical Application Pressure-Fluid- AirSession 5-1 10800-1500 psi10 psiPage #3
AIR-ASSISTED AIRLESS SPRAYDisadvantagesAdvantagesv LOWcoating usageFair-good operator control on airpressure Few runs and sagsGood atomizationSession 5-1 10 nign maintenanceExpensive fluid tipsPoor operator control on fluidpressureNot appropriate for fine finishingPage #483
AIR CAP FORAIR-ASSISTED AIRLESS SPRAY GUNShaping Air Fluid Shaping Air&GUN1 -
AIR-ASSISTEDAIRLESS SPRAY-Orifice 0.OU.-0.018 inches\Fluid Pressure 300 - 1000 psinCompressorStrainerShaping Air Pressurec10 -20 psiY
AIRLESS SPRAYAirless atomization of paint and coating material is accomplished by hydraulic pressures. Itdoes not directly use compressed air to atomize the fluid. Pressure is applied to the fluidwith hydraulic pumps. Depending on the solids and viscosity of the fluid, pressure will rangebetween 500 and 4,000 psi.As the paint or coating material is forced through a small diameter orifice in the spray guntip, it is atomized into small particles coupled with high-velocity, and the particles are carriedto the target.Where Used Commercial and maintenance paintersRail and marine, structural steel fabricatorsHigh-volume production linesApplication of viscous undercoatings and elastomersFor large, relatively uncomplicated surfaces (buildings, steelstructures, ships, roof coatings, and insulations).Typical Application Pressure Medium viscosity metal primer requires 1,600 to 3,000 psi.Session 5-1 10Page #5
AIRLESS SPRAYDisadvantagesAdvantages9 LOWair usageHigh-volume material outputLimited overspray fogLarge spray patternsApplication of heavy viscouscoatingsExcellent for large surfacesGood transfer efficiency onlarge surfacesFast application speedsSession 5-1 109 txpensiveTIUIC tipsHigh maintenanceDifficult t o blend sprayedcoating materialMinimum operator controlduring applicationNot for intricate finishingNot for high-quality appearanceitemsCan cause injuries t o operatorif not used with adequatecautionPage #690
AIRLESS SPRAYOrifice 0.011 -0.018 inches*UM StrainerFluid Pressure 1,000 -3.000. DSICompressor1
fAVERTISSEMENT\Tous malalses ou blessures causes parun llqulde sous haute presslon peuventBtre dangerEUX. SI vous Btes bless6 ousi vous vous sentez Indlspos8:Allez dlrectement B la salle despremiers soins.D i m au docteur que vous croyezavolr 618 bless6 par un jet haute.presslon.Montrez-lul cetle carte.Donner au docleur le nom dumateriel avec lequel vous avez 616bless&IlPOEiA O l l O i H Z I /oieven suspect an injury:Go to an emergency room now.Tell the doctor you suspect anInjection In ury.Show him tllIs card.Tell him what klnd material you!were spraying.tI1I1II-iPELlGRO1.Cualquiera herlda causada con llquldoa aka presl6n es pellgrosa. Si Ud. esherido o sospecha que estA herido:VeAse al doctor de emergenclainmedlatamente.Dlaale aue Ud. ha sldo herido conIlqildo inyeclado.Ens6nele 6sta tariela.Dlgale que clase de llquldo es conla aue estaba rociando.I,- --MEDICAL ALERTAIRLESS SPRAYNOTE TO PHYSICIANWOUNDSI!Injection in the skin is a serious traumatic injury.IT IS IMPORTANT TO TREAT THE INJURY SURGICALLY AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. Do not delaytreatment to research toxicity. Toxicity is a concernwith some exotic coatings injected directly into thebloodstream.Consultation with a plastic surgeon or a reconstructive hand surgeon may be advisable.1'The seriousness of the wound dependson where theinjury is on the body, whether the substance hitsomething o n its way In and deflected causing moredamage, and many other variables Including skinmicroflora residing In the paint or gun which areblasted into the wound. I f the Injected paint contalnsacryilc latex and titanium dioxide that damage thetissue's resistance to infection, bacterlal growth willflourish. The treatment that doctors recommend foran injection Injury to the hand includes immediatedecompression of the closed vascular compartments of the hand to release the underlying tissuedistended by the injected paint, judicious woundr(fxhr1demnnt and lmmnrlistn anfihlnflr trndmnnt,'9.2-
TAU1,Ooo- 3,Ooopsi500psi
HIGH-VOLUME, LOW-PRESSURE SPRAY (TURBINE)The turbine low-pressure spray equipment is a totally self-contained unit. It does not requirecompressed air for operation. A high-speed turbine generates the high volume of air usedduring spray operation. The air is heated by the turbine t o approximately 1IOOF, and thistemperature is consistent, regardless of the temperature of the surrounding air.The principle is t o atomize the coating material at low air pressure and propel the atomizeddroplets to the object at low velocity, utilizing the high-volume air supply.Where Used High-solids coating applicationsSmall parts production line operations1.Will meet EPA transfer efficiency requirements(pending approval)Session 5-1 10Page #7
HIGH-VOLUME, LOW-PRESSURE SPRAY (TURBINEIAdvantages9Low DIowDacI( and spray tog Good transfer efficiency Will apply high-viscosityhigh-solids coatings Portable Easy t o clean Can use up to 4 guns perturbineCan be used for intricate partsDisadvantages9Hign initial costSlower application speed(controversial) Does not finely atomize somehigh-solids coating materials(controversial)High cost for turbinemaintenanceRequires operator trainingStill relatively new on themarketGood operator controls on thegunSession 5-1 10Page #845
Definition of High Volume, Low Pressure (HVLP)cSouth Coast AQMD, Rule 1124 Defines:High Volume Low Pressure (HLVP) spray is aspray system which is operated at an airpressure at the gun of between 0.1 and 10.0 psigand at a fluid pressure of 50.0 psig.
HIGH VOLUME LOWPRESSURE AIR SPRAY
GAS LAW RELATINGPRESSURE TO VOLUMEP,vl P,M
PNNCIPLE OFMULTICOMPONENT MIXINGManifold-Component ASolvent Shut-off-Static MixerMetering Valves
ELECTROSTATIC APPLICATIONSElectrostatic application of paint and coating materials is based on the simple law of physicsthat dissimilar electrical charges attract. An electrical circuit is formed by converting 110volts alternating current through a high-voltage power supply of negative 60,000 t o 80,000volt, producing low ampage direct current.The electrostatic principle can be applied t o all methods of spray application: Air atomizingAirlessAir-assisted airlessThe negative potential (voltage) is transmitted through an electrical cable t o the spray gunequipped with an electrode that charges the atomized paint.Providing the object t o be coated is property grounded, the atomized paint that wouldnormally bypass the object is now attracted to the object and contributes to the final overallcoating application.All paints and coating materials have potential for electrostatic application. However,conventional coating formulations may require some modification t o improve on the electricalproperties.The electrostatic method of applying paint and coating materials lends itself t o other typesof equipment: Reciprocating rotating diskHigh-speed turbo bellsSession 5-1 10Page #9to1
Electrostatic disk and bell applications are proven methods for high output productionconveyor lines where several hundred parts of similar geometry are t o be painted. Thecoating material is fed to the Disk or Bell where it is negatively charged and centrifugallyspun out by high-speed rotation into a predetermined field where a conveyorized line carriesthe objects through the field. A properly engineered system could process several thousandsquare feet of finished surface area per hour.The majority of electrostatic spray installations are used t o coat metallic surfaces that areconductive. There are, however, systems used t o coat non-conductive surfaces: wood,plastic,and composites.Prior to painting, non-conductive surfaces must be pretreated with either a chemical salt ora coating that will create the necessary electrical attraction; then it can be processed in thesame way as conventional conductive objects.Where Used Outdoor patio furniture, metal office furnitureTubular and wire productsContract custom coatersMiscellaneous metal parts for all industriesMilitary contractorsWood gun stock and miscellaneous wood furniture(after special conductive treatments have been applied)Session 5-1 10Page #IOlo2
ELECTROSTATIC APPLICATIONSDisadvantagesAdvantages* Loating wrap on eage of parts Material savings throughimproved transfer efficiency High production output ideallyadapts t o automation Close pack of parts on conveyorline desirableReduced manpowerrequirementLower spray booth air velocity(60 ft/min) Hign equipment anamaintenance costParts hangers and hooks mustbe conductive, requiringfrequent cleaningAuiomated lines must beadapted t o long runs ofsimilarly shaped partsWill not properly coat recesselareasWrap is not always as good asexpectedCan be used with solvent-basedand water-based coatingsSession 5-1 10Page # I 1
ELECTROSTATIC APPLICATIONSDisadvantages (condt)Advantages (condt) Recognized by EPA for itsimproved transfer efficiencyCan be used with wide range ofapplication processes; airatomized spray, airless, airassisted airless, disk and bellsDisks and bells can achievetransfer efficiencies greaterthan 90%. Session 5-1 10Faraday Cage affects coatingof corners, cavitie, etc.Very difficult to ensure a goodground on small partsBeware of arcs in the presenceof solvent fumesPainters are wary of electrostatic shocksPainters must be properlytrainedIsolation stand required whenapplying water-based coatingsTransfer efficiency does notalways meet expectationsSpecial precautions required t oPage #I 2
ELECTROSTATIC S P R N(Conventional Air Atomizing)Positive ChargeAir Pressure40 -8OpsiI---e--.IPower CableI1
FARADAY CAGE
ELECTROSTATIC SPRAY(Conventional Air AtomizingWater-Based Coating)Air Pressure40 - 8Opsi- - - - - -.Power CableI07
ELECTROSTATIC TURBOBELLS & DISKSAdvantageswater-Dorne ana nign soiiclscoatings into micro-fine particlesDisadvantagesAtO"3SRot tor manual applicationsVery high transfer efficiencies ( go%)Not for short runs of multiplegeometriesTurbine rotational speed: 10,00050,000 rpmChoice of cup or disc spray headQuick color changing capabilitiesElectrostatic charge up t o 100KVExcellent film thickness controlExcellent for large, automatedproduction linesProgrammable operations canindependently control rotational speedfluid flow, shaping air, and voltageSession 5-1 10Page # I 3
LEAFING AND NON-LEAFINGALUMINUM PIGMENT5-1 1 0 1 1
CONVEYORFOR ELECTROSTATICROTARY DISCRotating Dlsc(5-110-10)
FLOW COATINGFlow coating is a process in which the paint or coating material is flowed over an object,completely covering the surface.Commercially designed flow coating equipment has a liquid reservoir and recirculatingpumping system. The coating material is pumped from the reservoir through the flowcoating nozzle or outlets, where the parts are conveyorized through the coating material.After being coated, the parts proceed into a solvent vapor-laden chamber where the coatingmaterial is collected and returned to the reservoir. It is in the solvent-laden chamber that thecoating material levels itself on the surface of the part.Because flow coating is so dependent on solvent vapor, this process has given way to othermore efficient coating processes.Where Used Automotive and appliance industriesHeavy industry with high production outputSession 5-1 10Page # I 4ttl
FLOW COATINGAdvantages9 High-transter etticiency greaterthan 90%High-volume production outputUsed on many parts and subassembliesCoating gets into recesses andother inaccessible areasSession 5-1 1 0Disadvantages9 High solvent demand Primer or shop coat onlySensitive to coatingformulationNot for decorative finishCan produce runs and sagsPage #I 5
DIP COATING APPLICATIONSDip applications of coating materials are utilized throughout the finishing community. Theapplications range from simple basket dipping of large numbers of small parts into a tank ofcoating material, t o highly sophisticated conveyorized production lines where immersion andwithdrawal speeds are controlled as the parts enter and exit a well-monitored tank of coatingmaterial. Such a process will coat parts with identical coating thicknesses and provide anidentical appearance.Where Used Paint brush handles Toilet seats Wood and metal furnitureMiscellaneous wood and metal partsLarge metal castingsSession 5-1 10Page # I 6
DIP COATING APPLICATIONSDisadvantagesAdvantagesv unitorm coating Maximum transfer efficiency 90%Cost effectiveCan coat recesses andinaccessible areasCan use solvent-borne or- Session 5-1 10Loating material must oeclosely monitoredAdapt to unique partconfigurationParts hanging is criticalWithdrawal rate is criticalDrag-out can be high if notcontrolledNot intended for decorativefinishesNot recommended for shortproduction runsNot for multiple colorsNot for high-solids coatingsNot for two-component coatingsPage #I 7I I4
PAINT ROBOTSThe programmable robot is the latest addition to automating the application of paint andcoating materials.Ultimately, the robot will replace the hand-spray operator; however, it is the skill of the handspray operator that is used to program the robot.A hand-held manipulator is moved through the application sequence by the spray operatorsimulating the actual motion required to spray paint an object. The initial recorded programmay be refined to achieve maximum efficiency prior t o implementation.It is important to recognize the limitations of the program and allow for hand-spray touchupor supplement to completely spray a difficult geometry.Where Used Automotive.and aircraft partsFarm machinery and equipmentWood productsMiscellaneous metal parts and subassembliesCamouflage pattern paintingSession 5-1 10Page # i a11c
PAINT ROBOTSDisadvantagesAdvantages Lonsistent, uniform coatingsfrom one part t o the next9nign initial costt Not recommended for shortt Coating application conservesruns of dissimilar partsmanpowert Some limitation on quality oft Adaptable t o all methods ofapplied coatingspray equipmentt Requires skilled personnel t ot Predictable results regardlessprogramof the seasont High maintenance costst Less solvent required t o reducecoating viscositytMust control coating viscosityand temperature of applicationt Can be used in combinationwith all types of sprayequipmentt Not recommended for premixed,two-component coatingst Excellent for coating the sameconfiguration thousands oftimesSession 5-110Page #19
HOT SPRAYThe hot spray paint method has been used for many years, and is adaptable t o any spraysystem. Now more than ever, higher solids VOC-compliant coatings will perform moresatisfactorily when heat is used t o reduce application viscosity.Coating manufacturers usually standardize viscosity measurements at 77", which isconsidered t o be ambient room temperature. When heated t o between 110" and 1 20 F, theviscosity of an average pigmented alkyd enamel will decrease by 25% t o 30% below theestablished standard.Hot spray paint heaters are usually located between the source of the paint supply and thespray gun. The heaters are thermostatically controlled to maintain constant painttemperatures. Hot spray systems can be designed to either recirculate the coating materialfrom the heater to the spray gun and return to the heater, or to go through the heater anddead-end at the spray gun.Where Used Wood furniture and cabinet manufacturersMachine tool manufacturersImplement and farm machineryOver the road semitrucks and trailersSession 5-1 1 0Page #20117
HOT SPRAYDisadvantagesAdvantages9 umit solvent additions torviscosity reductionConstant application viscosityregardless of ambient temp.and weather conditionsHigh film build with fewer coatsImproved leveling, smoothersurfacesPotential for improved transferefficiencySeveral designs availableCan be used in conjunction withmost types of spray equipmentt AdditiOnal maintenance andequipment costs Fast solvent flash-off candevelop pinhole and solvententrapment if coating isapplied too heavilyAdditional fluid hose t o spraygun for recirculatingWill use more paintNot recommended for premixedtwo-component coatingsNot intended for water-basedcoatingsDifferent designs availableSession 5-1 10Page #21
IN-LINE HEATINGRecirculating FluidPressure Pot or Reservoir(HEAT01.#3)
PRINCIPLE OFMULTICOMPONENT MIXINGManifold ValvesComponent PSolvent Shut-offB
FARADAY CAGE . ELECTROSTATIC SPRAY (Conventional Air Atomizing Water-Based Coating) - - - - - -. Power Cable Air Pressure 40 - 8Opsi I07 . ELECTROSTATIC TURBOBELLS & DISKS Advantages AtO"3S water-Dorne ana nign soiicls coatings into micro-fine particles Very high transfer efficiencies ( go%)
Spray finishing can be conducted in a spray booth, spray room, or spray area. Tuesday, February 14, 2017 Definitions Tuesday, February 14, 2017 Spray room: A spray room is a room in which spray-finishing operations not conducted in a spray booth are performed separately from other areas. 1910.94(c)(1)(iii)
Introduction to Thermal Spray Processing / 5 Thermal Spray Processes and Techniques Members of the thermal spray family of processes are typically grouped into three major categories: flame spray, electric arc spray, and plasma arc spray, with a number of subsets falling under each category. (Cold spray is a recent addition to the familyFile Size: 793KB
a properly selected spray angle, will tend to make more effective use of the spray as well as help minimize the dis-turbance effects of wind/draft condi-tions on the water spray patterns. Spray Patterns. The Design Spray Profiles for the nozzle spray angles of 65 to 180 degrees
coverage of spray patterns as calculated from the included spray angle of the spray and the distance from the nozzle orifice. Values are based on the assumption that the spray angle remains the same throughout the entire spray distance. In actual practice, the tabulated spray angle
AMPERIT Thermal Spray Powders Table of Content Subject Page H.C. Starck - Material Specialists Serving the Thermal Spray Industry 3 Preferred Grain Sizes in µm for today's Thermal Spray processes 4 Application Engineering AMPERIT 5 AMPERIT Thermal Spray Powders Carbides 6 - 8 Oxides 9 - 11 Pure Metals, Alloys and Blends, Miscellaneous .
The Toro Company Residential & Commercial Whole Goods Irrigation Products 2019 Suggested List Prices – U.S. & Canada Effective October 15, 2018 Table of Contents SPRAY HEADS 1 LPS Series Low-Profile Spray Heads 1 570Z Series Low Pressure Spray Heads 1 570Z Series Spray Heads 1 570Z-XF Series Spray Heads 1 570Z-PR Series Spray Heads 2
applications for thermal spray coating [13-16]. Thermal spray processes are grouped into three major categories: flame spray, electrical arc spray, and plasma arc spray. These energies sources are used to heat the coating material (in powder,
BIODIESEL FROM ALGAE: A POTENT ALTERNATE RENEWABLE SOURCE ⃰Dr Praveen Purohit1, 3Dr O.P.Jakhar2, and C.P.Sharma 1, 2, 3 Government Engineering College Bikaner Abstract With the ever increasing demand for energy and progressive depletion of fossil fuel, it has become necessary to find alternatives to conventional fossil fuels. Biodiesel is one such alternative to it and can be defined as a .
