Wind Turbines – Components And Design Basics
Wind Turbines – Components and Design BasicsDr.-Ing. Stephan MatthiesenProject ManagementDipl.-Ing. (FH) Meik Schacknies Design DepartmentParis October 2009
Wind Turbines – Components and Design BasicsOverviewPart IOverviewPart II Product range Load assumptions for wind turbines Components of a wind turbine Loads and load cases Rocking spring stiffness2
Wind Turbines – Components and Design BasicsRated power:Hub height:330 kW44 – 50 mRated power:Hub height:Rated power:900 kW45 m / 55 m Hub height:800 kW50 – 76 m3
Wind Turbines – Components and Design BasicsRated power:Hub height:800 kW73 mRated power:Hub height:2.300 kW64 – 113 mRated power:Hub height:2.000 kW78 – 138 m4
Wind Turbines – Components and Design BasicsHighest power producing WEC worldwide:Rated power:6.000 kWRotor diameter:127 mHub height:135 mPower production:20 Mio. kWh p.a. Produces electricity for more than 5000 households 35% more yield compared to predecessor - E-112 Two-segment rotor blade facilitates transport5
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics- blades- nacelle with generator andhub- tower (steel / concrete)- electrical installation andgrid connection- foundation- with piles or soil improvement(if necessary)6
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics- blades7
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics8
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics- nacelle9
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics- steel tower10
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics- concretetower11
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics- foundationwith basket12
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics- foundationwith section13
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics- foundationfor concretetower14
Wind Turbines – Components and Design BasicsOverviewPart IOverviewPart II Product range Design situations for wind turbines Components of a wind turbine Loads and load cases Rocking spring stiffness15
Wind Turbines – Components and Design BasicsDesign situationsEnvironmental conditions Wind, Temperature, Ice, EarthquakeOperational conditions Normal operation and power production Start up, shut down, idling, standstillTemporary conditions Transportation of components Installation and assembling Maintenance and repair16
Wind Turbines – Components and Design BasicsDesign load cases– Normal operation and normal external conditions– Normal operation and extreme external conditions extreme wind speedextreme direction changeextreme dynamic wind shearndiwniotcredi– Fault situations and appropriate external conditions Control system faultElectrical faultYaw system fault– Transportation, installation and maintenance situations17
Wind Turbines – Components and Design BasicsLoad cases for operational and environmental conditions defined in EN 61400-118
Wind Turbines – Components and Design BasicsDue to the nature of wind the loads are high variable ! mean wind, gravity loads(steady) turbulence, earthquake(stochastic) unbalanced mass, rotor frequency (periodic) start up / shut down, gusts(transient) Loads are calculated with special computation program in time domain. Load calculations have to determined for each type separately.[Hau 2005]19
Wind Turbines – Components and Design BasicsDifferent aspects for structural design1.Extreme Loads(Ultimate Limit State)2.Fatigue Loads(Ultimate Limit State)3.Stiffness of components(ULS and SLS)- Vibrations(resonance effects)- Deflections(distance between blade and tower)20
Wind Turbines – Components and Design BasicsVibrations - Rocking spring stiffness kφ,dynTo avoid resonance we have to consider the stiffness of the components but also the soilstructure interaction. The eigenfrequency of the system machine - tower – foundation - soilshall not be in the range of the variable frequencies. To ensure this requirement a minimumstiffness of foundation and soil is necessary.System:Mass of WECTowerRotational spring stiffness21
Wind Turbines – Components and Design BasicsImportant design parameter for WEC:- Rotational frequency of rotor (1P)- Rotational frequency of one blade (3P)- Eigenfrequencies of the whole system (1. EF / 2. EF)Eigenmodes of the tower structure22
Wind Turbines – Components and Design BasicsMerci pour votre attention23
Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics. 22 Wind Turbines – Components and Design Basics Eigenmodes of the tower structure Important design parameter for WEC: - Rotational frequency of rotor (1P) - Rotational frequency of one blad
boat wind turbines and make them facing the wind [3]. The number of blades of boat wind turbines is often 3. Three-bladed boat wind turbines can produce power at low wind speed and can be self-started by the wind. This paper is focused on three-bladed boat wind turbines with passive yaw motion.
WIND TURBINES Wind Turbines AP-Power-Wind Turbines-13a Wind power is popular. The market for wind turbines is expanding rapidly and with it is an increasing demand for turbines to be i
Common concerns about wind power, June 2017 1 Contents Introduction page 2 1 Wind turbines and energy payback times page 5 2 Materials consumption and life cycle impacts of wind power page 11 3 Wind power costs and subsidies page 19 4 Efficiency and capacity factors of wind turbines page 27 5 Intermittency of wind turbines page 33 6 Offshore wind turbines page 41
Human chain at Tinos harbor as a form of protest against the wind turbines. [5] Peaceful protest on the mountain that the new wind turbines are planned to be installed. [5] Protest in Athens city center against the wind turbines. [5] Citizens of Tinos blocking the coming of the materials needed for the installation of the new wind turbines. [5] 8
3.Types Of Wind Turbines There are two types of wind turbines. One is Vertical axis wind turbines and the other is horizontal axis wind turbines. We also know that there is sufficient wind to satisfy much of humanity's energy requirements - if it could be gathered effectively and on a large scale.
Small Wind Turbines Are Different Utility-Scale Wind Power, 600 - 1,800 kW wind turbines – Professional maintenance crews – 15 mph (7 m/s) average wind speed Small, “Distributed” Wind Power 0.3 - 50 kW wind turbines – Installed at individual homes, farms, busine
Used wind turbines are purchased by a variety of companies including traders, operators, developers, and engineering companies. Those who purchase used wind turbines may wish to sell the used wind turbine, use it, refurbish it, or remanufacture it. Trading websites give an indication of who buys and sells used wind turbines.
Chapter 13: Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines. Chapter 13: Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines. Chapter 13: Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines. Time accurate predictions for a 2-bladed HAWT are shown in the next figure (13.22) At high tip speed ratio (low wind speeds) vortex ring state (part a)
