MILITARY BASIC ENGLISH - AWL

MILITARY BASIC ENGLISHAuthors:Marioara PatesanGeorgeta ObilisteanuVasile Carutasu"The European Commission support for the production of this publication does notconstitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, andthe Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of theinformation contained therein."This publication has been financed from Erasmus Programme,Strategic Partnership „Creating international semester regardingmilitary education needs for future officers in Europe”

MILITARY BASIC ENGLISHTable of ContentsIntroduction . 21. Army Branches . 31.1. Combat Support Arms . 61.2. The Services. 82. Military formations, units and ranks .112.1. Armed services .112.2. Military ranks .113. Military weapons .173.1. Infantry Firearms .173.1.1. The basic components of a firearm .173.1.2. Types of firearms .193.1.3. Ammunition .223.1.4. Elements of performance and rate of fire .233.1.5. Safe firearm handling and practices .253.2. Artillery equipment .253.3. Anti-aircraft and anti-tank missile system .264. Military Vehicles .294.1. Unarmored fighting vehicles (UFVs) .294.1.1. Trucks .294.1.2. Light utility vehicles .294.2. Armored fighting vehicles (AFVs).304.2.1. Tanks .304.2.2. Armored personnel carriers (APCs).334.3. Military Aircraft .354.3.1. Combat aircraft.354.3.2. Non-combat aircraft .375. Leaders and Leadership.405.1. Leadership – What it is .40

MILITARY BASIC ENGLISH5.2. Military leadership styles .425.3. The principles of leadership .466. Military courtesy .496.1. The correct use of titles .496.2. Mode of address .506.3. Making proper introductions.516.4. Military salutes .536.5. When not to salute .546.6. Reporting to a superior officer in his or her office .546.6.1. Procedures when an officer enters a dining facility .556.6.2. Entering automobiles and small boats .566.7. Salute to Colors .566.8. Procedures for civilians working in the military .56Conclusion .58

[Titul dokumentu]IntroductionMilitary Basic English e-book is designed to cover the basic specialized knowledgeand related military terminology any military performing in an international environmentshould have. Its main objective is to equip the military students attending an internationalsemester with linguistic skills such as reading comprehension, vocabulary developmentso the chapters are content-driven rather than skills-driven. It is structured on six chapters,each covering topics like military formations, branches and ranks, military weaponsand vehicles. It also focuses on leadersꞌ role, leadership principles and human relationshipswithin the military.It covers both general and specific military terminology in English providing up to dateinformation and examples and can be used either independently or within a whole Englishlanguage module. At the end of each unit there is a checking understanding sectionso as each student could review the specific military terminology and the information relatedto a particular issue. The e-book is part of a whole module and focuses on a comprehensiverange of reading and new military terminology and is followed by practical activities in classthat will help students master the necessary skills. The authentic materials were selectedfrom various reference sources being re-written with a more appropriate level of grammarand vocabulary since it is more important to present them in a comprehensible form, so thatthey are more easily understood by students. The teachers who will use this book in classmay be selective about which language items they will focus on and decide on additionalcoverage of the other linguistic skills a participant in an international military theatreof operations needs.The authors2

MILITARY BASIC ENGLISH1. Army BranchesIn most countries the armed forces are divided into three or four categories:the Army, the Navy and the Air Force. Some nations also organize their marines, SpecialForces or strategic missile forces as independent armed services. A number of countrieshave no navy, for geographical reasons.The primary mission of the Army is to fight and win wars by providing landdominance promptly and whenever necessary. It is the branch responsible for land-basedmilitary operations. It is the largest branch of the military.Figure 1.1: Army soldiersSource: The mission of the Navy is to train and equip combat ready naval forces capableof winning wars, deterring aggression and maintaining freedom of the seas. From navy shipsto aircraft, specialty vessels and weapons, navy sailors work with some of the most powerfulmachines ever put to sea. They specialize in crisis response, special operations, evacuationsand humanitarian operations. All of these operations are carried out in order to protect anddefend the nation and make the world a safer place.Figure 1.2: Navy vesselSource: http://www.navy.milThe mission of the Air Force is to fly and win wars in air, space and cyberspace.It is responsible for conducting military operations in the air and space. It acts in defenseof the nation by deploying aircraft to fight enemy aircraft, bombing targets, providingreconnaissance and transporting other armed services.3

MILITARY BASIC ENGLISHFigure 1.3: AircraftSource: http://observer.com/It is worthwhile to make mention of the term joint. In western militaries, a jointforce is defined as a unit or formation comprising representation of combat power from twoor more branches of the military.The Branches of the Army are classified as basic and special branches, furtherdivided into arms and services based on the normal functions and roles performed by thesoldiers assigned to them.The ARMS are those branches whose officers are primarily concerned with combatand combat support. Combat arms include those branches directly involved in the actualconduct of fighting: Infantry, Armor, Field Artillery, Air Defense Artillery, Aviation, Corpsof Engineers and Special Forces. Combat support arms include those branches thatprovide fire support and operational assistance to the combat forces to secure victory on thebattlefield: Signal Corps, Chemical Corps, Military Intelligence and Military Police Corps.The SERVICES are those branches whose officers are mainly concerned withsustaining the operating forces in the theatre of operations at all levels of war. These include:the Adjutant General’s Corps, Finance Corps, Quartermaster Corps, Army Medical Corps,Chaplains Branch, Judge Advocate General’s Corps, Ordnance Corps, Signal Corps,Chemical Corps, Military Police Corps, Transportation Corps and the Veterinary Corps.COMBAT ARMSCombat arms are those units and soldiers who close with the enemy and destroyenemy forces or provide fire power and destructive capabilities on the battlefield.INFANTRY closes with the enemy by meansof ire and maneuver in order to destroy or capture himor repel his assault by fire, close combat and counterattack. Despite any technological advantages that thearmed forces might have over an enemy, only closecombat between ground forces leads to victory in battle.Figure 1.4Infantry forces play a key role in close combat situations.Source :The Infantry forms the nucleus of the Army’s fightinghttp://www.wikiwand.comstrength.4

MILITARY BASIC ENGLISHARMOR closes with and destroys the enemythrough firepower, shock action and mobility. Theheritage and spirit of the Horse Cavalry lives todayin Armor. And although the horse has been replaced by60 tons of steel driven by a 1,500 HP engine, the dashand daring of the Horse Cavalry still reside in Armor. Thetank was invented out of military necessity. In the GreatFigure 1.5Source:www.ensignpower.comWar the allies developed the tank to support infantry,batter down strong points of resistance and serveas a defense against the deadly machine gun. It broughtmobility to the battlefield and changed the course of landwarfare.The FIELD ARTILLERY is the Army's FireSupport branch, the "King of Battle." It destroys,neutralizes or suppresses the enemy by cannon, rocketor missile fire and integrates all supporting fires--fieldartillery, tactical air, naval guns, army aviation andFigure 1.6mortars--into combined arms operations. Field live.milputs "Steel on Target" in the right places, at the right timeand in the right proportions to assure the success of themaneuver commander's plan--a task that requiresthorough understanding of maneuver and fire supportdoctrine, tactics and techniques.AIR DEFENSE ARTILLERY protects the forceand selected geopolitical assets from aerial attack,missile attack and surveillance. The artillerymen are theonly servicemen with experience in firing at movingFigure 1.7Source:http://www.duffelblog.comtargets and protecting the ground forces from the threatof aerial bombardment.The mission of Army AVIATION is to find, fix anddestroy the enemy through fire and maneuver; to providecombat, combat service and combat service supportin coordinated operations as an integral member of thecombined arms team. On the modern battlefield, ArmyAviation, unlike the other members of the combined armsFigure 1.8team, has the organic flexibility, versatility and assets5

MILITARY BASIC ENGLISHSource:http://www.airfighters.com/to fulfill a variety of maneuver, roles and functions.CombatengineersoftheCORPSOF ENGINEERS are the first in and last to leave a battle.Combat missions for engineers include: bridge buildingand destruction; minefield emplacement and reduction,Figure 1.9Source:http://www.nwk.usace.army.milas well as other tasks requiring specialized engineerskills and equipment. Construction engineers build andmaintain roads, airfields and facilities to support combatoperations. Topographic engineers provide the terraindepiction products and analyses that give maneuvercommanders an edge in g,SPECIALunquestionedexpertsin unconventional warfare. They are generally the firston the ground or already at a crisis location as troubleemerges.Figure yandhave,as a cornerstone of their training, foreign language skillsthat allow them to successfully operate in their areasof responsibility.1.1. Combat Support ArmsCombat support arms provide fire support and operational assistance to combatelements. These units and soldiers perform critical combat functions in conjunction withcombat units and soldiers to secure victory.SIGNAL CORPS operations range from tacticalcombat signal units to detachment command in mmunications switching centers, satellite terminalsFigure 1.11Source:armyrotc.calpoly.eduand radio relay stations. Other duties involve theresearch and development of new communicationselectronics equipment, missile guidance systems, anders on the employment of cable, switchingradio and satellite communications systems, as wellas command signal units at company, battalion, and6