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ITALIANGRAMMARDRILLS

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ITALIANGRAMMARDRILLSPaola Nanni-TateNew York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico CityMilan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto

Copyright 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted underthe United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.0-07-159357-8The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-147232-0.All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we usenames in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where suchdesignations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps.McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs.For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at george hoare@mcgraw-hill.com or (212) 904-4069.TERMS OF USEThis is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of thiswork is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you maynot decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publishor sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use;any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms.THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THEACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANYINFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY ORFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work willmeet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyoneelse for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has noresponsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liablefor any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any ofthem has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claimor cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise.DOI: 10.1036/0071472320

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For more information about this title, click hereContentsPrefacevii1 Nouns12 Articles293 Pronouns494 Prepositions1015 Adjectives1396 Adverbs1717 Comparative and Superlative Forms ofAdjectives and Adverbs1858 Present Tense2019 The Imperative23510 Reflexive Verbs23911 Future Tense24512 Present Perfect Tense24913 Other Past Tenses25914 Conditional Tense281v

vi15 Subjunctive Mood29116 Passive Voice30917 Verbal Expressions, Idioms, andSpecial Constructions31518 Numbers, Time, and Dates33119 Exclamations347Answer Key351Contents

PrefaceIf you’ve picked up this book, you probably already know that to learn alanguage well—to have the ability to read it and write it and to understandothers in that language and be understood yourself—you must at some pointdeal with the grammar. Italian Grammar Drills will give you a better command of Italian grammar by providing plenty of writing drills that willreinforce your knowledge and enhance your ability to speak, read, and writewith finesse. You will be able to work at your own pace while focusing onthose aspects of grammar that you feel require most of your attention.Each of the book’s nineteen chapters features concise explanations ofvarious grammar topics. And each chapter includes a variety of exercises thatwill reinforce your ability to manipulate the Italian language and give youan opportunity to immediately apply what you have learned. You can findanswers to all exercises in the Answer Key at the back of this book. Whenusing this book, you can follow the order presented or skip a chapter andreturn to it at a later time.Once you’ve worked your way through Italian Grammar Drills, not onlywill you find yourself confidently on your way to fluency, but you will alsofind that this book will remain a unique resource any time you need toclarify or review essential grammatical concepts.Sometimes learning a new language may appear to be an insurmountableand tedious task, but the students who stay with it and master the grammar will find it a satisfactory and gratifying experience. How exciting to beable to communicate in Italian and appreciate the language of Italy and itspeople! My hope and intent in writing Italian Grammar Drills is to give youa basic tool for understanding, speaking, reading, and writing basic Italian,whether you are learning the language on your own or with an instructor.viiCopyright 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.

I am proud and excited to help students learn such a beautiful language.I will never tire of the excitement I feel when I see students wanting to learnItalian and then mastering it through study and practice. It has been my pleasure and privilege to have written Italian Grammar Drills. I wish to thankmy editor, Garret Lemoi, for his guidance and many useful suggestions; myhusband, Bob Tate, for proofreading the text; and the many students whoencouraged me to write a grammar book.viiiPreface

1NounsA noun is used in a sentence to refer to people, animals, and objects that can be real or imaginary.GenderAll nouns in Italian are either masculine or feminine, whether they refer to people, animals, or things.It is important to know the gender of a noun in order to accompany it with the right article—il, lo,or la (the) or uno or una (a)—and the right adjective (definite and indefinite articles are discussed indepth in Chapter 2 and adjectives in Chapter 5). The other words in a sentence that refer to the nounmust agree in gender and number with that noun.Italian makes it easy to learn the gender of a noun: The noun’s ending often reveals whether itis masculine or feminine. Most nouns ending in -o are masculine and most nouns ending in -a arefeminine.masculineil cieloil librol’uccelloil violinofemininela casala finestrala portala tazzaskybookbirdviolinhousewindowdoorcupThere are a few exceptions. Some nouns ending in -a are masculine such otNouns of Greek origin ending in -ma are also masculine. For example:il climail fantasmail panoramaclimateghostlandscape1Copyright 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.

il problemail programmaproblemprogramAnd some nouns ending in -o are feminine:l’autola fotola manola motola radiocarphotohandmotorcycleradioL’auto, la foto, and la moto are abbreviations of l’automobile, la fotografia, and la motocicletta.Nouns with the following endings are generally masculine: -ore and -toreil difensoreil dottoreil professorelo sciatoredefenderdoctorprofessorskier -ere and -iereil cameriereil corrierel’ingegnerewaitercourierengineer -ame and -aleil catrameil falegnameil temporaletarcarpenterstormNouns with the following endings are generally feminine: -ionela colazionel’opinione2Italian Grammar Drillsbreakfastopinion

la pensionela stazionepensionstation(Most of these nouns correspond with English words ending in -tion or -sion.) -udine and -iginel’abitudinel’originela solitudinehabitoriginlonelinessl’attricela copiatricela direttriceactresscopying machinefemale manager/director -ice -tà and stytruthvirtue(Most of these nouns correspond with English words ending in -ty and -th.) -ila crisila tisicrisistuberculosisExercise 1Translate the following nouns into Italian. Don’t worry about putting in the articles; just pay attentionto the endings.1. book2. flowerNouns3

3. window4. door5. house6. cup7. birdExercise 2Translate the following nouns into Italian. Don’t worry about putting in the articles; just pay attentionto the endings.1. planet2. climate3. ghost4. pope5. pilot6. landscape7. hand8. photo9. car10. radio11. professor12. doctorExercise 3Translate the following nouns into Italian. Don’t worry about putting in the articles; just pay attentionto the endings.1. breakfast2. station3. opinion4. pension5. habit4Italian Grammar Drills

6. origin7. actress8. city9. honesty10. youth11. truth12. crisisChange of genderSometimes changing the gender of a noun also changes its meaning. For otortosudden light, lacetextfault, rtawhalehouse, lheadcakeExercise 4Translate the following nouns into Italian. Don’t worry about putting in the articles, just pay attention to the endings.1. case2. home3. text4. headNouns5

5. place6. mail7. lace8. pizza9. fashion10. mint11. cake12. chin13. door14. neckMany nouns referring to people can be both masculine or feminine depending on whether theyrefer to a male or a female. However, the definite article preceding the noun (see Chapter 2) and theadjective following it (see Chapter 5) must be either masculine or feminine, depending on the genderof the noun they are referring to.l’artistail/la cantanteil/la collegail/la consorteil/la dirigenteil/la fisiatrail/la nipoteil/la pediatrail/la pianistail/la turistaartistsingercolleaguespousemanagerphysical therapistnephew, niecepediatricianpianisttouristSome nouns referring to animals, however, have only one form to indicate male or female. Forexample:la balenal’elefanteil falcoil giaguarola giraffail pesce6Italian Grammar Drillswhaleelephanthawkjaguargiraffefish

la ranala tartarugala tigreil topofrogturtletigermouseWhen one needs to distinguish whether an animal is male or female, the term maschio (male) orfemmina (female) is added. It looks like this: l’elefante femmina (female elephant), la giraffa maschio(male giraffe).Some nouns ending in -a can be used to refer either to males or females but are considered feminine nouns, such nvictimExercise 5Translate the following nouns into Italian, this time including the definite articles. (The letters inparentheses refer to masculine [m.] and feminine [f.].)1. tourist (m.)2. colleague (f.)3. nephew4. niece5. singer (m.)6. patient (f.)7. spouse (m.)8. elephant (m.)9. hawk10. turtle11. crowd12. victim13. physical therapistMany masculine nouns referring to people or to occupations and professions have a separatefeminine gender using an -a ending.Nouns7

masculineil cassiereil figlioil nonnoil parrucchiereil signorecashiersongrandfatherhair stylistgentlemanfemininela cassierala figliala nonnala parrucchierala signoracashierdaughtergrandmotherhair stylistladyOther masculine nouns add the suffix -essa in the feminine form.masculinel’avvocatoil dottoreil poetail ssala dottoressala poetessala principessafemale lawyerfemale doctorfemale poetprincessAnd some masculine nouns change the -tore ending to -trice in the feminine version.masculinel’attoreil direttoreil redattorelo ela direttricela redattricela sciatriceactressfemale directorfemale editorfemale skierSometimes the feminine forms are significantly modified from the masculine. These are usuallywords inherited from Latin.masculinel’abateil diol’eroeil galloil rehead priest, abbotgodheroroosterkingfemininela badessala deal’eroinala gallinala reginahead of a nunnerygoddessheroinechickenqueenA few nouns have completely different forms in the masculine and in the feminine.masculineil frateil fratelloil genero8Italian Grammar Drillsmonkbrotherson-in-lawfemininela suorala sorellala nuoranunsisterdaughter-in-law

il maritoil maschioil minamadredonnawifefemalemotherwomanExercise 6Translate the following nouns into Italian using the definite articles.1. son2. uncle3. daughter4. grandmother5. gentleman6. poet (m.)7. doctor (f.)8. actor (m.)9. skier (m.)10. skier (f.)There are other words in Italian that are always treated as masculine. The following list will helpyou get a feel for some of these nouns. Days of the week (except for la domenica, turdaySunday Months of the yeargennaiofebbraioJanuaryFebruaryNouns9

berOctoberNovemberDecember Names of metals and chemical elementsl’argentoil calciol’orosilvercalciumgold Nouns taken from other languagesil computeril filmil managercomputerfilm, moviemanager Most names of treesil meloil pinoil platanoapple treepine treeplane tree(However, la palma, palm, and la betulla, birch, are feminine.) Compass pointsil nordil sudl’estl’ovest10Italian Grammar Drillsnorthsoutheastwest

Other direction-related termsil settentrioneil t Proper names of major geographical features (rivers, lakes, etc.)l’Arnoil lago di Comoil Monte Biancoil Mediterraneoil TevereArno RiverLake ComoMont BlancMediterranean SeaTiber River(But le Alpi, the Alps.) All languagesl’arabol’italianoil tedescoArabicItalianGermanExercise 7Translate the following nouns into Italian using the definite articles.1. singer (m.)2. pediatrician (m.)3. Monday4. Sunday5. January6. July7. gold8. iron9. calcium10. apple treeNouns11

Nouns that are generally feminine follow these guidelines: Names of most fruitsla bananala melala perabananaapplepear(However, il fico, fig, l’ananas, pineapple, and il mango, mango are masculine.) Most names of cities, regions, islands, countries, and continentsBolognal’Europala Lombardiale MaldiveRomala Siciliala Svizzerala zerlandTuscany(However, il Lazio, Lazio; il Perù, Peru; il Brasile, Brazil; and gli Stati Uniti, United States, aremasculine.) School n nouns ending in -e can be either masculine or feminine. When one of these nouns refers toa person, the gender of the noun is the same as the person it refers to.masculineil cantanteil consorteil nipoteil pazientesingerhusbandnephewpatientfemininela cantantela consortela nipotela pazienteNote: Il/la nipote is also used for the terms grandson and granddaughter.12Italian Grammar Drillsfemale singerwifeniecefemale patient

When a noun ending in -e does not refer to a person, determining its gender can be difficult. Thesenouns must be learned by practice and memorization. Remember, it is important to know the gendersof nouns so that the articles and adjective endings are used correctly.Il canale è pieno di acqua.Il paziente è molto ammalato.La paziente è molto ammalata.The canal is full of water.The patient is very ill.The patient is very ill.The following table shows some common nouns that end in -e:masculineil canaleil fioreil fiumeil giornaleil mareil nomeil paneil piedeil gefemininela canzonela capitalela carnela chiavela classela famela finela frasela gentesongcapitalmeatkeyclasshungerendphrase; sentencepeopleExercise 8Translate the following nouns into Italian using the definite articles.1. apple2. strawberry3. fig4. pineapple5. Rome6. Tuscany7. Maldives8. Switzerland9. Asia10. BrazilNouns13

Plural of nounsIn Italian the plural of masculine nouns ending in -o or -a is formed by changing the final vowelto -i.singularil libroil poetail programmabookpoetprogramplurali librii poetii programmibookspoetsprogramsTo form the plural of feminine nouns ending in -a, change the -a to -e.singularla casahousepluralle casehousesMasculine and feminine nouns ending in -e form the plural by changing the -e to an -i.singularil nomela cenerenounashplurali nomile cenerinounsashesSome nouns ending in -a change the -a to an -i in their plural forms.singularl’alal’armail climawingarmclimatepluralle alile armii climiwingsarms (weapons)climatesHowever, not all nouns follow these rules. In the following table you will see that there are somenouns ending in -o that are feminine, but that only the noun mano changes its form in the plural. Theothers (some of them abbreviations of their fuller forms) do not change. It is easy to tell that thesenouns are in their plural forms by looking at the definite article before them. Definite articles changeto show singular or plural forms.singularl’autola fotola mano14Italian Grammar Drillscarphotohandpluralle autole fotole manicarsphotoshands

la motola radiomotorcycleradiole motole radiomotorcyclesradiosOther nouns that do not change in the plural are those ending in -i or -ie.singularla biciil brindisila crisila seriela tesibicycletoastcrisisseriesthesispluralle bicii brindisile crisile seriele tesibicyclestoasts (congratulatory)crisesseriesthesesFeminine nouns ending in accented vowels also remain unchanged in the plural.singularla cittàla gioventùla tribùcityyouthtribepluralle cittàle gioventùle tribùcitiesyouthstribesExercise 9Write the plural forms of the following words.1. la casa2. il libro3. il programma4. il poeta5. la polvere6. la mano7. l’auto8. la foto9. la crisi10. la bici11. la verità12. la cittàNouns15

There are still more nouns that do not make a change in their plural forms, such as:singularl’autobusbuspluralgli autobusbusesMasculine and feminine nouns accented in the final vowel, and monosyllable nouns, do not changein the plural.singularil baril caffèla gruil lunedìil martedìil relo sciil tèbarcoffeecraneMondayTuesdaykingskiteaplurali bari caffèle grui lunedìi martedìi regli scii ere are even some masculine nouns that become feminine in the plural.singularil bracciocentinaioil ditoil ginocchioil lenzuolomigliaioil migliomillel’orecchioil housandearpaireggExercise 10Write the plural forms of the following nouns.1. lo sci2. il re16Italian Grammar Drillspluralle bracciacentinaiale ditale ginocchiale lenzuolamigliaiale migliamilale orecchiele paiale ousandsearspairseggs

3. il bar4. la gru5. il lunedì6. il caffè7. il braccio8. l’uovo9. l’orecchio10. il ginocchio11. il dito12. il lenzuolo13. centinaio14. migliaioFeminine and masculine nouns ending in -ca/-co, or -ga/-go, form the plural by replacing the endings with -che/-chi or -ghe/-ghi respectively, in order to preserve the hard sound of the -c and the -gthat is in the singular.singularl’albicoccol’amicala bancail catalogoil collegala digail ducail ficoil lagola manicala monacail monarcal’ocail parcoil saccola tecnicaapricot eevenunmonarchgooseparkbagtechniquepluralgli albicocchile amichele banchei cataloghii colleghile dighei duchii fichii laghile manichele monachei monarchile ochei parchii sacchile tecnicheapricot Nouns17

However, some nouns ending in -co/-go, do not keep the hard sound in the plural. In these wordsthe -ci and -gi retain a soft sound, as in the English words cheese and jeep.singularl’amicol’asparagoil chirurgoil medicoil nemicoil algli amicigli asparagii chirurgii medicii nemicii tsOf course, some masculine nouns have a completely irregular plural. For example:singularil buel’uomooxmanExercise 11Write the plural forms of the following nouns.1. l’amica2. la banca3. la mosca4. la diga5. il lago6. il fico7. l’albicocco8. il cuoco9. il catalogo10. la manica11. l’oca12. il medico13. il nemico18Italian Grammar Drillsplurali buoigli uominioxenmen

The plural of nouns taken from other languages is formed by using the plural form of the definitearticle. The noun itself is unchanged.singularil baril filmil gaslo sportil tram (trolley)il weekendplurali bari filmi gasgli sporti trami weekendMasculine nouns ending in -io use an -ii ending if the final -i in the word is a stressed syllable. Ifit is not stressed only one -i is used.singularil fruscioil ronziolo zioil baciol’iniziol’operaiol’orologiolo studiol’ufficiorustlebuzzinguncleplurali frusciii ronziigli ziirustlesbuzzingsuncleskissbeginningworkerwatch, clockstudyofficei bacigli inizigli operaigli orologigli studigli ufficikissesbeginningsworkerswatches, clocksstudiesofficesBut:Feminine nouns ending in -cia and -gia usually omit the -ia and add an -e in the plural.singularl’aranciala docciala facciala frangiala pioggiala showersfacesfringesrainssuitcasesNouns19

But la camicia (shirt) and la ciliegia (cherry) are two exceptions; they keep the -i in the plural: camicie,ciliegie.Another exception to this rule are nouns that stress the -i in -cia and -gia. They make their pluralform by using -cie and -gie.singularla bugiala farmaciala scialiepharmacytrailpluralle bugiele farmaciele scieliespharmaciestrailsExercise 12Write the plural forms of the following nouns.1. il film2. il gas3. lo zio4. il fruscio5. il bacio6. lo specchio7. l’orologio8. il giornalaio9. l’arancia10. la guanciaCompound nounsSometimes a word in Italian combines the root of the third person singular present tense conjugationof a verb with a noun. Together they form one word, called a compound noun. In some cases theplural form of compound nouns remains the same and the definite article will indicate if it is pluralor singular. (See Chapter 2.) In other cases the ending of the compound noun changes to indicate aplural form. There is no rule to follow here, so it is best if these nouns are practiced and memorized.20Italian Grammar Drills

singularil cacciaviteil cantastorieil paracaduteil parafulmineil paraurtiil paraventoil portafoglioil portavocescrewdriverballad singerparachutelightning rodbumperscreenwalletspokespersonplurali cacciavitii cantastoriei paracadutii parafulminii paraurtii paraventoi portafoglii portavocescrewdriversballad singersparachuteslightning rodsbumpersscreenswalletsspokespersonsOther compound nouns combine two nouns to form one word, much like a compound word inEnglish. The gender of such nouns is determined by the gender of the second noun and their plural isusually formed by changing the second noun to its plural form.singularl’arcobalenola banconotail capolavoroil cavolfiorela ferroviail pomodororainbowbill, li arcobalenile banconotei capolavorii cavolfiorile ferroviei pomodorirainbowsbills, ometimes, however, there are compound nouns that will change the first noun to its pluralform.singularil capofamigliail capofilail caposquadrail capostazionehead of the familyhead of the lineteam leaderstation masterplurali capifamigliai capifilai capisquadrai capistazioneheads of the familyheads of the lineteam leadersstation mastersSome compound nouns combine a noun and an adjective. The plural for this type of noun isformed by using the plural of both elements.singularla cassafortela terracottasafeclaypluralle cassefortile terrecottesafesclaysAn exception to this rule is il palcoscenico (stage). Its plural form is i palcoscenici (stages).Nouns21

Compound nouns that combine an adjective with a masculine noun ending in -o change the nounas follows:singularil biancospinoil francobolloil gentiluomohawthorn, white bushstampgentlemanplurali biancospinii francobollii gentiluominihawthorns, white eaupluralgli altopianior altipianiplateausCompound nouns that combine an adjective with a feminine noun change the endings of bothelements.singularla malalinguala mezzalunabad mouthhalf-moonpluralle malelinguele mezzelunebad mouthshalf-moonsplatformpluralle piattaformeplatformsBut:singularla piattaformaWhen two adjectives combine to create a compound noun, the plural is formed by changing theending of the second adjective.singularil chiaroscuroil pianoforteil sordomutochiaroscuropianodeaf muteplurali chiaroscurii pianofortii sordomutiExercise 13Fill in the blanks using the words in parentheses.1. Ho bisogno di un2. I22(screwdriver).(parachutes) sono fatti di seta.Italian Grammar Drillschiaroscurospianosdeaf mutes

3. Le hanno rubato il(wallet).4. L’(rainbow) si vede dopo la pioggia.5. I(tomatoes) sono molto buoni in estate.6. I(masterpieces) di Michelangelo sono molto famosi.7. Ci piace mangiare il(swordfish).8. Mio padre era il(head of the family).9. I ladri hanno rotto la(safe).10. Vorrei vedere i soldati di(clay) in Cina.11. Devono comprare dei12. È un vero(stamps).(gentleman).Diminutive nounsNouns with suffixes that indicate smallness are called diminutives. These suffixes are: -ino, -icino,-etto, -ello, -erello, -otto (for the masculine), and -ina, -icina, -etta, -ella, -erella, and otta (for thefeminine). The following table shows how diminutive endings are used:nounl’alberola camiciala casail cuoreil panela pazzail pratol’uccellol’uomola vecchiatreeshirthouseheartbreadcrazy womanmeadowbirdmanold ladydiminutive nounl’alberellola camicinala casinail cuoricinola pagnottala pazzerellail praticellol’uccellinol’omettola smallsmalltreeshirthouseheartbread loafcrazy womanmeadowbirdmanold ladyExercise 14Fill in the blanks using the diminutive nouns in parentheses.1. Ho visto un2. Lei abita in una(small bird) morto sotto un albero.(small house).Nouns23

3. Abbiamo visto una(small old lady) per la strada.4. Mia zia è una bella(small old lady).5. Mangerei tutta la6. Gli piace sedersi sul7. Ci sono molti(small bread loaf).(small meadow) sulla collina.(small trees) dove abito.8. Hanno comprato delle9. L’amica di Eric è una(small bread loaves) per la festa.(small old lady).10. Maria ha comprato una11. Luigi è un bell’(small shirt) per il bambino.(small man).Pejorative nounsNouns with the suffixes -accio, -astro, -ucolo (for the masculine), and -accia, -astra, -ucola, -iciattola(for the feminine), are used to convey a feeling of dislike, bad quality, and contempt and are calledpejoratives. The following list shows how pejorative endings are used:il giovinastroil poetucoloil ragazzaccioil cagnacciola casacciala donnacciala stanzacciala stradaccialazy young manuntalented poetbrat; bad boybig, bad dogbig, ugly housebad, ugly womanlousy roombad roadExercise 15Translate each sentence into Italian using a pejorative noun.1. He is a bad boy.2. This is a lousy room.24Italian Grammar Drills

3. He is a poor poet.4. He is a lazy young man.5. That is a bad dog.6. That is a big, ugly house.7. She is a bad woman.8. That is a bad road.9. She is a bad girl.Augmentative nounsNouns with the suffixes -one and -ione, used to convey size, are called augmentative. The followingexamples show how augmentative endings are used. They are usually used in the masculine form evenwhen referring to feminine subjects: -omone (large or tall man), mattacchione (big joker; big rascal).Note the change of the definite articles for some of these words.il gattoil mattoil palazzola portala stradala tendacatcrazy personpalacedoorstreetdrapeil gattoneil mattacchioneil palazzoneil portonelo stradoneil tendonelarge catbig jokerlarge buildinglarge doorlarge streetlarge drape, awningNouns25

Exercise 16Translate the following sentences into Italian using augmentative nouns.1. He is a real big man.2. There is a large road in front of her house.3. They live in a large building.4. She is a large woman.5. That is a big cat.6. Luigi is a real joker.7. They often use big words.8. Please close the large door at the bottom of the stairs.9. In the living room there are three large windows.10. Lower the awning!.Exercise 17Change each noun into a diminutive, pejorative, and augmentative noun. For example:la casa: la casinadiminutive1. l’uomo2. la ragazza26Italian Grammar Drillsla casacciala casonapejorativeaugmentative

3. il gatto4. la parola5. il palazzo6. la stanza7. la vecchia8. la scarpa9. l’uccello10. la sorella11. la macchina12. il libroNouns from adjectivesMany adjectives become nouns when preceded by a definite article. These often describe people or agroup of people in a general way. For example:gli americani/le americaneg

Italian Grammar Drills will give you a better com-mand of Italian grammar by providing plenty of writing drills that will reinforce your knowledge and enhance your ability to speak, read, and write with finesse. You will be able to work at your own pace while focusing on those aspects

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PRODUCTS PAGE Adapters 292 294 XTreme Solid Carbide Boring Bits 295 297 XTreme Boring Bits 298-299 Solid Carbide Twist Drills 300-301 2 Flute Dowel Drills 302-303 4 Flute Dowel Drills 304 306 Dowel Drills with Countersink 307 Through Hole Dowel Drills 308-309 Countersinks 310 Hinge Boring Bits 311 313 Dowel D

Funk Roberts Fitness Mobility Drills and Routines // www.funkrobertsfitness.com 01 MOBILITY DRILLS AND ROUTINES In this guide you will find mobility flow drills and warm up routines that you can use prior to training. Mobility Flow Drills Bodyweight Flow drills are great for warming up as they increase the body's

throughout the ladder The second types of drills are burst drills. These drills focus on the ability to turn on rapid burst of foot movement. The third types of drills are elastic response drills. These drills focus on improving the reactive speed components of the lower leg. A standard agility ladder is 15 feet long and 20 inches wide

some point you just have to buckle down and deal with the grammar. Span-ish Grammar Drills will enable you to take charge of the grammar that you need to know Spanish well by providing you with plenty of writing drills that wi

Basketball Drills for all ages For additional information besides what is provided here please go to www.coachesclipboard.net Ball Handling Fundamentals and Drills These are the drills: Do each one about 30 to 60 seconds and then move to the next one. With all of these drills, try to keep your eyes forward, without looking at the ball.

Fire drills in freestanding buildings classified as business occupancies will be conducted every 12 months. All drills are documented and maintained on file. EC.02.03.03 (3) When quarterly fire drills are required, at least 50% of the drills are unannounced. Fire drills are conducted on each shift quarterly and at least 50% are unannounced.

Woodland Park School District Reading Curriculum English Language Arts Curriculum Writers: Elisabetta Macchiavello, Nancy Munro, Lisa Healey-Wilk, Samantha Krasnomowitz, Monica Voinov, Michele Skrbic, Krystal Capo, Nicole Webb, Veronica Seavy, Pamela Yesenosky, Steve Sans, Rosemary Ficcara, Laura Masefield, Meghan Glenn 2016-2017 Carmela Triglia Director of Curriculum and Instruction. 1 .