GIS Suitability Modeling To Support A Pipeline Route Selection

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GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selectionAmerico GamarraPenn State University MGIS CandidateAdvisor: Dr. Patrick KennellyCapstone Project ProposalOctober, 2014

Overview1) Background2) Objective3) Data Analysis4) Methodology5) Data Processing6) Results and Products7) Data Sharing8) Opportunities for future improvement9) Project Timeline10) References"GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 20142

Background Pipelines are used to transport large volumes of oil or gas over long distances. Selecting the optimum pipeline route is the first key step in the pipeline design andconstruction. An effective route will have direct impact financially, and throughout thepipeline life cycle during construction and operations phases. “Choosing the shortest, most direct route is always a goal for capital expenditure reasons,but many important goals exist simultaneously in the route selection project and at timesthese goals may conflict” (Yildirim, 2007). Spatial information has always played an important role in pipeline routing, from traditionalpaper maps where engineers would "draw" the route, to geo-processing models thatautomate the engineers criteria to identify the route."GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 20143

Background The use of GIS to support the pipeline route selection has extensively been discussed, and itcontinues to be an area of research as GIS technologies continues to evolve, data availabilityimproves, and the criteria or conditions (terrain, geographic, geophysical, anthropological,etc.) are never the same for different pipeline projects. Peru is a country where the larger oil/gas fields are located in the Amazon region, andpipelines have been built to transport product to the coast facilities throughout the Andesmountains. Pipeline route design is always a challenge because of the difficult geography.Pacific Coast"GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 2014Andes MountainsAmazon Jungle4

ObjectiveUse GIS technologies to support the Engineering department to identify the best route for afuture pipeline in the south of Peru, which would start in a known location in the Amazon forestand would arrive at another known location on the coast. Consider engineering requirements(topography, elevation, slopes) as well as legal, environmental, archaeological and socialconstraints.To accomplish this objective these are the main tasks:-Gather data and information required.Generate maps to support “traditional” route identification.Create a geo-processing model to automatically identify the route or corridors for pipelineShare findings and outputs with involved areas throughout the company by using traditionalpaper maps describing routes (Alignment Sheets) and also using web map applications."GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 20145

Data AnalysisArea of InterestLocations are referential, intended for educational purposes only."GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 20146

Data AnalysisData RequiredThe data required to identify the best pipeline route depends on the engineeringrequirements and other criteria considered for the analysis.Engineering constraints-Avoid areas which elevation is above than 5,000 meters (16,400 feet)Avoid terrain slopes larger than 35 degrees, optimum being less than 5 degrees.From logistics perspective, avoid areas 20 km (or more) away from roads. Preferred areas arewithin 5 km to existing roads. Minimize roads crossings.Preferred areas are those with no or low risk geohazards, and try to avoid areas with high risk ofland slides, sand dunes movement, tectonic faults, etc.Preferred areas are where historically rain is no greater than 500 mm per year.Environmental, legal, archaeological, and social constraints-Avoid environmental sensitive areas like national parks, reserves, sanctuaries, lakes, and minimizeriver crossings.Avoid any urban or populated areas, but areas within 5 km are preferred.Avoid national projects, non-permit, national defense, ports and airports.Minimize crossing areas with active mining concessions.Avoid national archaeological zones and areas with high risk for social conflicts"GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 20147

Data AnalysisData RequiredBased on the criteria the information required includes: 30m DEM, derived slopes, roads, geologicalhazards, weather/rain conditions, environmentally sensitive areas, mining concessions, archaeologicalzones, rivers and streams, areas with social conflicts, urban/populated areas."GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 20148

MethodologyData GatheringData ProcessingCreate Cost SurfaceClassification,Weights assignment,Convert to Raster* Loop until outputs are acceptedShare Outputs / FindingsCost Distance Surface,Least Cost Path AnalysisAlignment SheetsWeb Applications"GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 20149

Data Processing (Data Classification)"GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 201410

Data Processing (Weights Assignment)First each dataset gets an “importance factor” which is calculated by a direct comparison ofeach data set against all other datasets."GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 201411

Data Processing (Weights Assignment)Each dataset is classified in categories and each category is assigned a weight (from 0 to 10). No-goareas are assigned a value of 100."GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 201412

Data Processing (Cost Surface)After each dataset (and sub categories) is assigned a weight value, converted to raster then aCost Surface is calculated by a Weighted SUM using the “importance factor”.𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝑺𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝟎. 𝟏 𝑻𝑫 0.064 WC 0.055 L 0.136 G 0.027 RC 0.155 ESA 0.136 AS 0.1 PD 0.127 SC 0.045 MC 0.055 OWP"GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 201413

Data Processing (Cost Surface)Areas more suitable (less expensive) for pipeline routeNo-go areasAreas less suitable (more expensive) for pipeline route"GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 201414

Data Processing (Cost Distance / Cost Path)Using the Cost Distance Surface as input two geo processes take place to calculate the least costpath:- Cost Distance (outputs: Cost Distance & Cost Distance Backlink) for an initial or sourcelocation.- Cost Path (output: Least Cost Path)"GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 201415

Data Processing (Cost Distance)Cost Distance & Cost Distance BacklinkESRI ArcGIS Help 10.1"GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 201416

Data Processing (Cost Path)Least Cost Path"GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 201417

Data Processing (Cost Path)-Least Cost Path is then converted from raster to a polyline.-The polyline is then converted to a “calibrated line” or Linear Referencing entity (XYZMPolyline), where Z values are gathered from the input 30m DEM and M values (3D distance)are calculated for each vertices."GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 201418

Preliminary Results and ProductsSome preliminary attempts have been done as a “prove of concept” for this project, and Engineeringdepartment considers two main products for decision making about the pipeline route.-Cost SurfaceLeast Cost Path (XYZM Polyline) as a reference for pipeline route."GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 201419

Data SharingShare results using Alignment Sheets, map reports that are effective to describe linear entities (pipelines)."GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 201420

Data SharingShare results using a GIS website."GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 201421

Opportunities for Future Improvement-Data Refinementooo-Weights assignmento-Weights assignment will continue to change in a “fine-tune” process in order to betterreflect reality.Data sharingoo-Public data (available through Peruvian government institutions) might not fulfillrequirements of this project specially for Rivers/Streams and Roads.Search for additional data sources.Test hydrology tools to delineate streams/rivers beds.Design Alignment Sheet Template, as per final user requestsWeb GIS app design (Using Microsoft Silverlight)Results ComparisonoCompare route calculated by computer against route(s) manually identified byengineers, and hopefully compare against final route. Identify ways to improvesuitability model"GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 201422

Project Timeline- Data Gathering and initial analysis 09/2014- Prove of concept, project proposal and peer review 10/2014- Data and suitability model refinement 12/2014- Data sharing (alignment sheets and GIS website design). 02/2015- Project Presentation 04/2015"GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 201423

ReferencesBERRY, J. K., 2003, "Applying AHP in Weighting GIS Model ements/bm sep 03/t39 3 ahpsupplement.htm)BYRON, S. , 2010, "Risk-based pipeline routing improves success probability" s/capstone/byron Oil %26 Gas Journal 0.pdf)CHURCH, R.L., LOBAN, S.R. and LOMBARD, K., 1992, An interface for exploring spatial alternatives for a corridor location problem.FULLER, D.O., WILLIAMSON, R., JEFFE, M. and JAMES, D., 2003, Multi-criteria evaluation of safety and risks along transportationcorridors on the Hopi Reservation. Applied GeographyINGEMMET (Instituto Geologico Minero y Metalurgico del )GAMARRA, A., 2011 "GIS is a tool for pipeline erconf/proc11/papers/3729 197.pdf)GOODCHILD, M., 2001, Geographic Information Systems and Science.MALCZEWSKI, J. and OGRYCZAK, W., 1996, The multiple criteria location problemOpara, T., 2013, "Pipeline Routing using GIS and Remote 509/509 2013/Opara.pdf)YILDIRIM V., 2007, "GIS BASED PIPELINE ROUTE SELECTION BY ARCGIS IN nf/proc07/papers/abstracts/a2015.html)"GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 201424

Oct 29, 2014 · "GIS suitability modeling to support a pipeline route selection"- October 2014 3 Background Pipelines are used to transport large volumes of oil or gas over long distances. Selecting the optimum pipeline route is the first key step

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