Bodo Müller Ulrich Poth The Audience: Coatings .

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Bodo Müller Ulrich PothCoatings FormulationThe Audience: Trainees, students and newcomers to the profession who are seeking to acquire a solid grounding in coatingsformulation, along with experienced formulators wishing todeepen, extend or refresh their knowledge. A knowledge ofchemistry and basic knowledge of binders, pigments and additives are required.The Value: Coatings formulation explained step by step. Thebook opens with a look at the composition of coatings, placingspecial emphasis on the base binder in each type. Advice onspecific formulations is then given before formulation guidelinesare analysed. Throughout, the focus is on coatings formulationand how to arrive at the final recipe. A special feature of thebook is its detailed index, which allows the reader to conducttargeted searches for specific aspects of coatings formulation.2nd Revised EditionBodo Müller Ulrich Poth · Coatings FormulationUlrich Poth Automotive Coatings FormulationMEuropean Coatings Tech FilesThe Mission: A single book covering the practical and scientificbasics underpinning the strategic formulation of modern paintand coatings systems – from physicochemical concepts to therecipes themselves. This book explains and elaborates in somedepth on the key principles of coatings formulation. Indispensable for formulators.ISBN 978-3-86630-872-5This is a dedicated single-user copy of an ebook.Copyright laws apply; it is prohibited to copy or distributethe ebook or any part hereof. 2012 Vincentz Network

Cover: Dr. Iwona LöhrkeBibliographische Information der Deutschen BibliothekDie Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der DeutschenNationalbibliografie ; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internetüber http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar.Bodo Müller, Ulrich PothCoatings Formulation: An International Textbook, 2nd Revised EditionHanover: Vincentz Network, 2011EuropEan Coatings tECh filEsISBNISBN 978-3-86630-891-6 2011 Vincentz Network GmbH & Co. KG, HanoverVincentz Network, P.O. Box 6247, 30062 Hanover, GermanyThis work is copyrighted, including the individual contributions and figures.Any usage outside the strict limits of copyright law without the consent of the publisher is prohibited andpunishable by law. This especially pertains to reproduction, translation, microfilming and the storage andprocessing in electronic systems.The information on formulations is based on testing performed to the best of our knowledge.The appearance of commercial names, product designations and trade names in this book should not be takenas an indication that these can be used at will by anybody. They are often registered names which can only beused under certain conditions.Please ask for our book catalogueVincentz Network, Plathnerstr. 4c, 30175 Hanover, GermanyT 49 511 9910-033, F 49 511 9910-029books@european-coatings.com, www.european-coatings.comLayout: Vincentz Network, Hanover, GermanyPrinted by Quensen Druck Verlag GmbH &Co. KG, Hildesheim, GermanyISBNISBN 978-3-86630-891-6This is a dedicated single-user copy of an ebook.Copyright laws apply; it is prohibited to copy or distributethe ebook or any part hereof. 2012 Vincentz Network

EuropEan Coatings tECh filEsBodo Müller Ulrich PothCoatings FormulationAn international textbook2nd revised editionBodo Müller, Ulrich Poth: Coatings Formulation Copyright 2011 by Vincentz Network, Hanover, GermanyISBN: 978-3-86630-891-6This is a dedicated single-user copy of an ebook.Copyright laws apply; it is prohibited to copy or distributethe ebook or any part hereof. 2012 Vincentz Network

Decorative CoatingsIndustrial Coatings & InksOmyacarb , Omyabrite & Omyaflow Omyabond & Omyacarb Omyacoat & Calcigloss Omyapearl , Inducarb & Carolith Plasters & Joint FillersSealants & AdhesivesThis is a dedicated single-user copy of an ebook.Copyright laws apply; it is prohibited to copy or distributethe ebook or any part hereof. 2012 Vincentz Network

PrefaceThe authors were not surprised by the success of the first edition, as there had been nocomparable reference book on the market that provided detailed explanations of recipes andformulations. Although guide formulations abound, meaningful and informed selectionsaccompanied by notes and evaluations are in short supply. The authors have therefore gladlytaken on the task of revising and updating the first edition. To this end, they have replacedoutdated guide formulations, eliminated errors and added several new figures.Developing paint recipes or paint formulations is an important part of paint and coatingstechnology. Unfortunately, paint recipes are listed in very few publications because theyare closely guarded secrets of the paint and coatings industry. While starting formulationsare available from the manufacturers of raw materials, they cannot be used for a textbookwithout careful selection and revision beforehand.This book will teach paint formulation in two steps. Each chapter will first describe thechemical composition of and, especially, the binders for the type of paint presented. Thiswill then be followed by formulation advice and an analysis of existing recipes (e.g. startingformulations). This analysis consists in calculating the important characteristic values ofcoatings, such as the pigment/binder ratio, pigment volume concentration and, as necessary, the hardener addition level. Finally, examples of how to develop a real-life paint formulation are provided in the case of the most important types of coatings. All calculationsbased on recipes and formulations are worked through step by step and should therefore beintelligible to beginners, as well.The skills acquired in dealing with these recipes can also be employed in other applications,such as adhesives and sealants. This book focuses on the paint formulation itself, and howto arrive at it.Of the many various paint and coating systems available, the selection provided in thistextbook features the most important types. The formulations have been developed mostlyfrom starting formulations or patent examples and cannot be used to produce paints withoutfurther ado. Patent restrictions or registered trade marks ( or ) are not mentioned explicitly. Furthermore, it should be noted that product and trade names may change as a resultof mergers and acquisitions. Nonetheless, most of the raw materials described herein ortheir equivalents should be available worldwide.This textbook seeks to familiarize laboratory assistants, engineers and chemists with thepractice of formulating paints. It presupposes a basic knowledge of chemistry, binders,pigments and additives. It will also serve as a reference work for all readers interested inpaints and coatings.Our thanks to Dr. Jürgen Kraut for kindly providing scanning electron micrographs for useherein, and to Ray Brown for polishing the text.Esslingen and Münster, Germany in February 2011Bodo MüllerUlrich deBodo Müller, Ulrich Poth: Coatings Formulation Copyright 2011 by Vincentz Network, Hanover, GermanyISBN: 978-3-86630-891-6This is a dedicated single-user copy of an ebook.Copyright laws apply; it is prohibited to copy or distributethe ebook or any part hereof. 2012 Vincentz Network

Exclusion of liabilityIt should be noted that this book reflect the authors’ personal views, based upon theirown knowledge. This does not absolve readers of the responsibility of performing theirown tests with respect to the uses and applications of various processes or productsdescribed herein, and/or of obtaining additional advices regarding the same. Anyliability of the authors is excluded to the extent permitted by law, subject to all legalinterpretations.POWDER COATINGThe Plasmec TRR model is the most successfully system for the Premixingand metallic Blending used by the principal producers ofPowder coatings worldwide.PLAS MEC s.r.l. - Plastic TechnologyVia Europa, 79 - 21015 LONATE POZZOLO- ITALYsingle-user- Tel. 39.0331.301648(r.a.) - comm@plasmec.it - www.plasmec.itThis is a(VA)dedicatedcopy of an ebook.Copyright laws apply; it is prohibited to copy or distributethe ebook or any part hereof. 2012 Vincentz Network

Contents7ContentsPart IBasics1Introduction 3.11.6.3.21.6.41.7Preliminary remarks .Comments on environmental protection .Paints and coatings as high-tech products .Definitions .Coatings .Solidification of paints .Phase boundaries in coatings .Adhesion .Wetting of substrates .Adhesion forces and mechanisms .Adhesion promoters/adhesion-promoting layers .Silane adhesion promoters .Thin polymeric adhesive layers .Corrosion inhibitors, anticorrosive pigments, corrosion protection 2Pigment dispersions .402.12.22.2.12.2.22.32.3.12.3.22.42.5Fundamentals of disperse systems .Stabilization of dispersions .Electrostatic stabilization .Steric stabilization .Wetting and dispersing agents .Dispersing agents .Wetting agents (surfactants) .Wetting of pigments .References.4043454748485257593Paint formulation .603.13.1.13.1.23.23.33.43.5Ratio of binder to solid particles .Pigment/binder ratio and pigment volume concentration .Oil adsorption value.Influence of pigments on the properties of coatings .Development of paint formulations .Multi-coat systems.References.61616365667072Bodo Müller, Ulrich Poth: Coatings Formulation Copyright 2011 by Vincentz Network, Hanover, GermanyISBN: 978-3-86630-891-6This is a dedicated single-user copy of an ebook.Copyright laws apply; it is prohibited to copy or distributethe ebook or any part hereof. 2012 Vincentz Network

8ContentsPart IISolvent-borne paints1Paints that form films at ambient temperature 21.3.2.31.4Physically drying paints .Paints based on cellulose nitrate .Structure and properties of cellulose nitrate.Combination partners for cellulose nitrate .Applications of cellulose nitrate paints.Physically drying paints based on acrylic resins .Paints based on rubber modifications .Structure and properties of rubber modifications.Applications of rubber modifications .Oxidative-cure paints .Oxidative-cure r eactions .Binders for oxidative curing .Siccatives and anti-skinning additives .Oil va rnishes .Alkyd resin paints .Paints based on epoxy ester resins .Two-component systems.Two-component polyurethane paints .Reactions of isocyanates.Isocyanate crosslinkers (hardeners for two-component polyurethanes) .Hydroxyl resins for two-component polyurethane systems .Catalysts and accelerators for two-component polyurethane paints .Development of formulations for two-component polyurethane paints .Two-components epoxy paints .Base component: epoxy resins .Hardeners: polyamines and derivatives .Formulation of two-components epoxy paints 991031061061121121141181232Stoving enamels 3.42.2.42.2.52.2.62.32.42.4.12.4.2Definitions .Stoving enamels based on amino resins .Chemical structure of amino resins .Types and properties of amino resins .Combination partners for amino resins .Alkyd resins .Saturated polyester .Acrylic resins crosslinked by amino resins .Comparison of alkyd resins, polyesters and acrylic resins in stoving enamelsCrosslinking reactions.Catalysis of crosslinking reactions .Formulation of stoving enamels based on amino resins.Stoving enamels based on thermosetting phenolic resins (resols) .Stoving enamels based on blocked polyisocyanates.Structure and properties of blocked polyisocyanates .Combination partners for blocked polyisocyanates his is a dedicated single-user copy of an ebook.Copyright laws apply; it is prohibited to copy or distributethe ebook or any part hereof. 2012 Vincentz Network

This is a dedicated single-user copy of an ebook.Copyright laws apply; it is prohibited to copy or distributethe ebook or any part hereof. 2012 Vincentz Network

10ContentsThis is a dedicated single-user copy of an ebook.Copyright laws apply; it is prohibited to copy or distributethe ebook or any part hereof. 2012 Vincentz Network

A new generation of even moreGREEN ULTRALUBE wax additivesHDPE wax basedE-854emulsionMD-2300/50micro dispersionD-803dispersionComprising following key features like all ULTRALUBE products:VOC-freeheavy-metal freeAPEO-freeformaldehyde-freeand additional:amine-freeUsed raw materials fulfilling several legislative requirementsfor food contact approval like: FDA 175.300, BfR XIV andXXXVI, Swiss Ordinance, plastics directive and much more.keim additec surface GmbH Hugo-Wagener-Straße 9 55481 Kirchberg/Hunsrück GermanyPhone 49 (0) 67 63/93 33 - 0 Fax 49 (0) 67 63/ 93 33 - 30 ronmentally friendly SILCO additivesExample: Typical SILCO SPERSE dispersing additivefulfilling european/international legislations(e.g. TSCA, REACH, RoHS)APEO-freezero-VOC content ( 0,1%)halogene-freeheavy metal content 100 ppm reeFurther SILCO specialty additives with similarproduct profile available. Please inquire.silcona GmbH & Co. KG Am Buchenring 22 D-55442 Stromberg/HunsrückPhone 49 (0) 67 24/60 22 45 Fax 49 (0) 67 24/60 23 75 info@silcona.deGermanywww.silcona.deThis is a dedicated single-user copy of an ebook.Copyright laws apply; it is prohibited to copy or distributethe ebook or any part hereof. 2012 Vincentz Network

12Contents4Water-borne stoving enamels .2074.14.24.34.44.4.14.4.24.4.34.5Guidelines for water-borne stoving enamels .Water-borne stoving enamels based on amino resins.Water-borne stoving enamels based on thermosetting phenolic resins .Electrodeposition paints .Electrodeposition processes .Anionic deposition paints .

are analysed. Throughout, the focus is on coatings formulation and how to arrive at the final recipe. A special feature of the book is its detailed index, which allows the reader to conduct targeted searches for specific aspects of coatings formulation. Ulrich Poth Automotive Coatings Formulation Bodo Müller Ulrich Poth · Coatings .

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