Just Enough ENGLISH GRAMMAR - Abid's Blog

Just EnoughENGLISHGRAMMARIllustratedGabriele StobbeNew York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico CityMilan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto

Copyright 2008 by Gabriele Stobbe. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United Statesof America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of thispublication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in adatabase or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.0-07-159497-3The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-149232-1All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbolafter every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, andto the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark.Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps.McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and salespromotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please contactGeorge Hoare, Special Sales, at george hoare@mcgraw-hill.com or (212) 904-4069.TERMS OF USEThis is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and itslicensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Exceptas permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy ofthe work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, createderivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense thework or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent. You may use the work for yourown noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Yourright to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms.THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NOGUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY ORCOMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK,INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THEWORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANYWARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIEDWARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULARPURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functionscontained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterruptedor error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else forany inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damagesresulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any informationaccessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors beliable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages thatresult from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of thepossibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise.DOI: 10.1036/0071492321

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INTRODUCTIONWhat This Book Contains Just Enough English Grammar Illustrated requires no formalexposure to English grammar. The book is designed to givelearners of English a basic grammar foundation. It may serveother students as a reference or review tool. This book takes a practical approach. It does not focus on rulesand definitions. Instead, it studies how words work and whatthey do in sentences. The material is presented in an easy, step-by-step format.As the learner moves through the book, he or she will gainan understanding of the basic principles of the Englishlanguage. These principles are laid out simply but thoroughly,and each new principle builds on what the student learnedearlier in the book. Real-life scenarios use interesting characters and engaging,simple vocabulary. Basic English structures presented invisually engaging graphics bring grammar alive and thereforeincrease the student’s desire to learn grammar. Carefully designed graphic illustrations translate grammaticalconcepts into visual images. Each topic or grammar concept isclearly explained with relevant graphic illustrations. They makecomprehension possible without wordy explanations. Graphic organizers and Venn diagrams clarify conceptsand help the reader review. They stimulate creative and logicalthought processes, and also help the student to evaluate andcategorize language structures. Review Exercises and the Answer Key provide the learnerwith the opportunity to test his or her skills. This book offers choices. It takes into account the differentways in which students learn and, accordingly, provides avariety of learning tools. From real-life scenarios to illustrationsand graphic organizers, there is something for everyone.vCopyright 2008 by Gabriele Stobbe. Click here for terms of use.

Organization of ChaptersYour FrameworkWhoor What?NounsWhoor What?AdjectivesPronounsHow theNoun orPronoun LooksHow theVerb ActsVerbsAdverbsWhat theNoun orPronoun DoesPrepositions Conjunctions InterjectionsHow Prepositionsand ConjunctionsConnect the WordsThe eight chapters of this book are organized around theeight parts of speech. It is important to become familiar withthe name of each part of speech and to expand your knowledgeabout each one. The parts of speech will become the overallframework of your English language knowledge. It is to thisframework that you will add important information necessaryto build your basic grammar foundation.The following strategies were designed to show you how theseeight parts of speech can help you to build your foundation.Your Strategies: Words are Tools for CommunicationStrategy #1: How to Use Your ToolsBecoming familiar with your tools is the first strategy.Words are tools for communication. The vocabulary wordsused in this book were chosen because of their applicabilityto real-life scenarios. Your tools — a set of illustrated vocabularywords—are at the end of this Introduction. The playersrepresented throughout the book are everyday people. Theyadd spark and a new, refreshing approach to what is usuallydry material. The illustrations of all key players are followed bybrief biographies with interesting details about the lives of themain personalities.vi

Strategy #2: Basic Language Concept Number One:Form of the Eight Parts of SpeechCommunication generally means putting words togetherto express your thoughts in context. Before you can put wordstogether effectively, you must comprehend basic languageconcepts. This book emphasizes an understanding of keygrammatical concepts over the memorization of individualwords.Most of the chapters in this book are divided into two parts.Typically, the part of speech that is the focus of the chapteris first discussed in terms of its form — the qualities that it hasin common with other parts of speech. Then the use of each partof speech is considered.What Information Do All of These Parts of Speech ns Conjunctions InterjectionsIn this book, you will learn about three important concepts:number, gender, and grammar person. Part One of several ofthe chapters will show how these three concepts are expressedin the different parts of speech.Strategy #3: Basic Language Concept Number Two:Use of the Eight Parts of SpeechWhat Jobs Can All of These Parts of Speech Do?NounsAdjectivesPronounsVerbsAdverbsPrepositions Conjunctions InterjectionsPart Two will build on what you learn in Part One. In manychapters, Part Two explains the jobs that different partsof speech perform in a sentence, as well as the relationshipsbetween different words within a sentence. A thoroughunderstanding of the concepts covered in Part One will makePart Two seem much easier!vii

Your Tools: English Vocabulary Wordsbikinilocker roomtowellife preserverbeach ballsuntan lotionsunglassespoolflippersumbrellabathing suitlifeguard chairMexican hatair mattressdiving boardwhistlepool ladderhamburgerhot doggogglesviii

Your Players: Family and FriendsThe Miller FamilyMrs. MillermotherMr. MillerfatherAnna MillerdaughterAndy Millersonthe parentsAnnasisterAndybrotherLakeside Pool FriendsBenthe boyJakethe boySusanthe girlthe boysKellythe young girlMariathe girlAnnathe girlthe girlsAndythe young boyCharles Smiththe manMrs. Millerthe womanthe pool manager the teacherthe childrenix

MEET THEPLAYERSSusanSusan lives in Miami, Florida. She is 16 years old.Susan is the lifeguard at Lakewood Pool. She isalso on the swim team. Susan always wears herlucky red swim cap to swim meets. She dates Ben.Susan has a little brother named Tim. Tim likesto cheer for Susan at swim meets. She also hasa cat named Snowball. Susan and her best friend,Anna, enjoy shopping, and they often babysit fortheir neighbor Kelly.BenBen moved to Miami three years ago. He is 17 yearsold. Ben has an older sister named Claire. He alsohas a puppy named Shadow. He is good friends withCharles Smith, the pool manager. He joined the swimteam two years ago. Ben joined because he likedSusan, but now he is a very serious swimmer. He isalways competing with Jake. Ben has trouble withgrammar at school. He wants to study grammar thissummer. Ben likes to surf and go bowling when heis not at the pool.x

MariaMaria is an exchange student. She is from Mexico.She misses her family. Maria is 17 years old.Spanish is her native language. She hopes that herEnglish will improve. Maria lives with Anna andher family. She is a very good swimmer, but she isnot on the swim team. She enjoys going to the poolwith Anna. This summer, she wants to learn moreabout American holidays and customs.AnnaAnna moved to Miami six months ago. She is fromSeattle. She is 16 years old. Anna works at theLakewood Pool concession stand. Anna is bestfriends with Susan and is dating Jake. She hasa brother named Andy. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs.Miller, volunteer at the pool often. Anna worriesthat Jake and Ben are too competitive. She hopesthat the swim meet will not hurt her friendshipwith Susan. Anna enjoys going to the beach andbaking brownies.JakeJake is Ben’s rival. He is 18 years old. All of thegirls think he is cute. He dates Anna. Jake likesto show off and do cannonballs into the pool. Jakehas two younger brothers, Frank and Ryan. Hewants to swim in the Olympics. Jake spends mostof his time at Lakewood Pool. He really wants tobeat Ben in the next swim meet. Jake hopes thathe will get to spend time with Anna this summer.xi

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CHAPTER 1NOUNS1.1 Part One and Part Two Overview 2PART ONE: FORM OF ENGLISH NOUNS1.2 Types of Nouns 21.3 One or Many: Singular and Plural Nouns 41.4 A Closer Look at Noun Endings: Common Noun Suffixes 51.5 The Biological Nature:Masculine, Feminine, and Neuter Nouns 61.6 In the Company of a Noun: Articles 7PART TWO: USES OF ENGLISH NOUNS1.7 From Form to Use of Nouns 81.8 When Nouns Become Subjects 91.9 Simple and Compound Subjects 111.10 When One Noun Is Not Enough: Subject Complements 121.11 Possessive Nouns: Showing Relationship or Ownership 131.12 What Is a Sentence? Building Blocks and Units 161.13 When Verbs Expand to Include Objects: Direct Objects 181.14 Another Type of Object: Objects of Prepositions 221.15 Overview of Uses of Nouns 241.16 Review Exercises 25NounsAdjectivesPronounsVerbsAdverbsPrepositions Conjunctions Interjections1Copyright 2008 by Gabriele Stobbe. Click here for terms of use.