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OXFORDUNIVERSITY PRESSGreat Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DPOxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship,and education by publishing worldwide inOxford New YorkAuckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong KarachiKuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City NairobiNew Delhi Shanghai Taipei TorontoWith offices inArgentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France GreeceGuatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal SingaporeSouth Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnamand OXFORD ENGLISH are registered trade marks ofOxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countriesOXFORDThis simplified edition Oxford University Press 2000Database right Oxford University Press (maker)First published in Oxford Bookworms 199322 24 26 28 30 29 27 25 23 21No unauthorized photocopyingAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system. or transmitted, in any form or by any means,without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press.or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed With the appropriatereprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproductionoutside the scope ofthe above should be sent to the ELT Rights Department,Oxford University Press, at the address aboveYou must not circulate this book in any other binding or coverCONTENTSSTORY INTRODUCTION1 My first sea journey2 Down the coast of Africa3 The storm and the shipwreck4 A new life on an island1510135 Learning to live alone6 A footprint237 Man Friday268 Escape from the island9 Home in England33and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer1639Any websites referred to in this publication are in the public domain andtheir addresses are provided by Oxford University Press for information only.Oxford University Press disclaims any responsibility for the contentGLOSSAR Y42ACTIVITIES:Before Reading44ACTIVITIES:While Reading45Printed in Hong KongACTIVITIES:After Reading48Maps by: Martin UrsellABOUT THE AUTHOR52ABOUT BOOKWORMS53ISBN:9780194229845A complete recording of this Bookworms edition ofRobinson Crusoe is available on cassette ISBN 978019422777 3
1My first sea journeyBefore I begin my story, I would like to tell you a littleabout myself.I was born in the year 1632, in the city of York in thenorth of England. My father was German, but he cameto live and work in England. Soon after that, he marriedmy mother, who was English. Her family name wasRobinson, so, when I was born, they cailed me Robinson,after her.My father did well in his business and I went to a goodschool. He wanted me to get a good job and live a quiet,,. 'f\t I,,,/ k,". . /' 'it '.:t " , f.1I.;. :/ comfortable life. But I.dIdn't want that. Iwanted adventure andan exciting life.I wanted adventure and an exciting life.1
Robinson CrusoeMy first sea journey'I want to be a sailor and go to sea,' I told my motherand father. They were very unhappy about this.'Please don't go,' my father said. 'You won't behappy, you know. Sailors have a difficult and dangerouslife.' And because I loved him, and he was unhappy, Itried to forget about the sea.But I couldn't forget, and about a year later, I saw afriend in town. His father had a ship, and my friend saidto me, 'We're sailing to London tomorrow. Why don'tyou come with us?'And so, on September 1st, 1651, I went to Hull, andthe next day we sailed for London.But, a few days later, there was a strong wind. The seawas rough and dangerous, and the ship went up anddown, up and down. I was very ill, and very afraid.The sea was rough and dangerous.'Oh, I don't want to die!' I cried. 'I want to live! If Ilive, I'll go home and never go to sea again!'The next day the wind dropped, and the sea was quietand beautiful again.'Well, Bob,' my friend laughed. 'How do you feelnow? The wind wasn't too bad.''What!' I cried. 'It was a terrible storm.''Oh, that wasn't a storm,' my friend answered. 'Just alittle wind. Forget it. Come and have a drink.'After a few drinks with my friend, I felt better. I forgotabout the danger and decided not to go home. I didn'twant my friends and family to laugh at me!I stayed in London for some time, but I still wanted togo to sea. So, when the captain of a ship asked me to gowith him to Guinea in Africa, I agreed. And so I went tosea for the second time.It was a good ship and everything went well at first,but I was very ill again. Then, when we were near theCanary Islands, a Turkish pirate ship came after us.They were famous thieves of the sea at that time. Therewas a long, hard fight, but when it finished, we and theship were prisoners.The Turkish captain and his men took us to Sallee inMorocco. They wanted to sell us as slaves in the marketsthere. But in the end the Turkish captain decided to keepme for himself, and took me home with him. This was a23, ""f. , -A"
Robinson Crusoesudden and terrible change in my life. I was now a slaveand this Turkish captain was my master.2Down the coast of AfricaFor two long years I lived the life of a slave. I worked inthe house and the garden, and every day I planned toescape, but it was never possible. I thought about it dayand night. My master liked to go fishing in a little boat,and he always took me with him. A man called Moely,-and a young boy also went with us.One day my master said to us, 'Some of my friendswant to go fishing tomorrow. Get the boat ready.'So we put a lot of food and drink on the boat, and thenext morning, we waited for my master and his friends.But when my master arrived, he was alone.'My friends don,'t want to go fishing today,' he said tome. 'But you go with Moely and the boy, and catch somefish for our supper tonight.''Yes, master,' I answered quietly, but inside I wasexcited. 'Perhaps now I can escape,' I said to myself.My master went back to his friends and we took the,boat out to sea. For a time we fished quietly, and then Imoved carefully behind Moely and knocked him into thewater. 'Swim!' I cried. 'Swim to the shore!'My master liked to shoot seabirds and so there wereguns on the boat. Quickly, I took one of these guns. Moelywas swimming after the boat and I shouted to him:5
Robinson CrusoeDown the coast ofAfricaThen I said to the boy, 'Xury, if you help me, I'll be agood friend to you. If you don't help me, I'll push youinto the sea too.'But Xury was happy to help me. 'I'll go all over theworld with you,' he cried.I wanted to sail to the Canary Islands, but I was afraidto go too far from the shore. It was only a small boat.And so we sailed on south for some days. We had verylittle water, and it was dangerous country here, withmany wild animals. We were afraid, but we often had togo on shore to get more water. Once I used a gun to shoota wild animal. I don't know what animal it was, but itmade a good meal.For about ten or twelve days we sailed on south, downthe coast of Africa. Then one day we saw some people onthe shore - strange, wild people, who did not lookfriendly. By now we had v ry little food, and we reallyneeded help. We were afraid, but we had to go on shore.At first, they were afraid of us, too. Perhaps whitepeople never visited this coast. We did not speak theirlanguage, of course, so we used our hands and faces toshow that we were hungry. They came with food for us,but then they moved away quickly. We carried the foodto our boat, and they watched us. I tried to thank them,but I had nothing to give them.Just then two big wild cats came down to the shore67
Robinson Crusoe 1 II ,-".1 .' ,:\ -. '\ ""&. 1.::;'lDown the coast ofAfrica,* ,'\'\ '"-; '\:\,. '\J \\1:, ,'./1.'"., .). '.''MJ',./. - / -" {".i\ ,If". I#'r' ;"l, -"",. i'("'1 -U. -, " ,.'," A -' " ''i: ' ".-") 11u,, '2".,.',, ;r;"-',,, 3.7, fJ/;J , .,.,.t."': """,,'Y,,,,''1/4 """, ''I !fJ'fl""",I " ,'0/- ' t .',"" ru. " .,.,;,. A# 1/'.P'1fIr.'?- .--:1';i/{',.)I'';:t.1 Of, '4, \ .f",.i'w,.',-,./C' ;{. ;;- '- ,* I!fl ;:;,,,", "-;; :%;-;"" ';;5 4' .1W,;bfl/l'" C, ,It.wgl. :;-;: 'r ', d0/ ;; // j!?I////I,C"': ' ,;;:) #-?' I think they were leopards.from the mountains. I think they were leopards. Thepeople were afraid of these wild cats, and the womencried out. Quickly, I took a gun, and shot one of theanimals. The second wild cat ran back up into themountains.Guns were new to these African people, and they wereafraid of the loud noise and the smoke. But they werehappy about the dead wild cat. I gave them the meat ofthe dead animal, and they gave us more food and water.We now had a lot of food and water, and we sailed on.Eleven days later we came near the Cape Verde Islands.We could see them, but we couldn't get near becausethere was no wind. We waited.Suddenly Xury called to me, 'Look, a ship!'He was right! We called and shouted and sailed ourlittle boat as fast as we could. But the ship did not see us.Then I remembered the guns which made a lot of smoke.A few minutes later the ship saw us and turned.When we were on the ship, the Portuguese captainlistened to my story. He was going to Brazil and agreedto help me, but he wanted nothing for his help. 'No,' he89Then I remembered the guns which made a lot ofsmoke.
Robinson CrusoeThe storm and the shipwrecksaid, when I tried to pay him. 'Perhaps, one day, someonewill help me when I need it.'But he gave me money for my boat, and for Xury, too.At first, I did not want to sell Xury as a slave, after all ourdangerous adventures together. But Xury was happy togo to the captain, and the captain was a good man. 'Inten years' time,' he said, 'Xury can go free.'When we arrived in Brazil three weeks later, I saidgoodbye to the captain and Xury, left the ship, and wentto begin a new life.3The storm and the shipwreckI stayed in Brazil and worked hard for some years. Bythen I was rich . but also bored. One day some friendscame to me and said, 'We're going to Africa to dobusiness. Why don't you come with us? We'll all be richafter this journey!'How stupid I was! I had an easy, comfortable life inBrazil, but, of course, I agreed. And so, in 1659, I went tosea agam.At first, all went well, but then there was a terriblestorm. For twelve days the wind and the rain didn't stop.We lost three men in the sea, and soon the ship had holesin its sides. 'We're all going to die this time,' I said toHalf an hour later the angry sea turned our boat overand we were all in the water. I looked round for myfriends, but I could see nobody. I was alone.1011One ofthe sailors saw land.rough and our little boat could not live for long in thatwild water.
Robinson Crusoe4A new life on an islandWhen day came, the sea was quiet again. I looked for ourhip and, to my surprise, it was still there and still in onepiece. 'I think I can swim to it,' I said to myself. So Iwalked down to the sea and before long, I was at the shipnd was swimming round it. But how could I get on to it?In the end, I got in through a hole in the side, but it wasn'tasy.I fell r;m the wet sand.That day I was lucky, and the sea carried me to theshore. I could not see the land, only mountains of waterall around me. Then, suddenly, I felt the ground undermy feet. Another mountain of water came, pushed me upthe beach, and I fell on the wet sand.At first I was very thankful to be alive. Slowly, I got tomy feet and went higher up the shore. From there, Ilooked out to sea. I could see our ship, but it was wreckedand there was nobody near it. There was nobody in thewater. All my friends were dead. I was alive, but in astrange wild country, with no food, no water, and nogun.It was dark now and I was tired. I was afraid to sleepon the shore. Perhaps there were wild animals there. So Iwent up into a tree and I stayed there all night.There was a lot of water in the ship, but the sand underthe sea was still holding the ship in one place. The back ofthe ship was high out of the water, and I was verythankful for this because all the ship's food was there. Iwas very hungry so I begaJll to eat something at once.Then I decided to takeorne of it back to thehore with me. But howould I get it there?I looked around thehip, and after a fewminutes, I found somelong pieces of wood. Itied them together withrope. Then I got theI tied the pieces ofwoodthings that I wantedtogether with rope.13
Robinson Crusoefrom the ship. Therewas a big box of food- rice, and saltedmeat, and hard ship'sbread. I also tookmany strong knivesand other tools, theI took many tools.ship's sails and ropes, paper, pens, books, and sevenguns. Now I needed a little sail from the ship, and then Iwas ready. Slowly and carefully, I went back to theshore. It was difficult to stop my things from falling intothe sea, but in the end I got everything on to the shore.Now I needed somewhere to keep my things.There were some hills around me, so I decided to buildmyself a little house on one of them. I walked to the topof the highest hill and looked down. I was very unhappy,because I saw then that I was on an island. There weretwo smaller islands a few miles away, and after that, onlythe sea. Just the sea, for mile after mile after mile.After a time, I found a little cave in the side of a hill. Infront of it, there was a good place to make a home. So, Iused the ship's sails, rope, and pieces of wood, and aftera lot of hard work I had a very fine tent. The cave at theback of my tent was a good place to keep my food, and soI called it my 'kitchen'. That night, I went to sleep in mynew home.14A new life on an islandThe next day I thought about the possible dangers onhe island. Were there wild animals, and perhaps wildople too, on my island? I didn't know, but I was veryfraid. So I decided to build a very strong fence. I cutown young trees and put them in the ground, in a halfircle around the front of my tent. I used many of thehip's ropes too, and in the end my fence was as strong asstone wall. Nobody could get over it, through it, orround it.Making tents and building fences is hard work. Ineeded many tools to help me. So I decided to go back tohe ship again, and get some more things.I went back twelve times, but soon after my twelfth
Robinson CrusoeLearning to live alonevisit there was another terrible storm. The next morning,when I looked out to sea, there was no ship.When I saw that, I was very unhappy. 'Why am I alive,and why are all my friends dead?' I asked myself. 'Whatwill happen to me now, alone on this island withoutfriends? How can I ever escape from it?'Then I told myself that I was lucky -lucky to be alive,lucky to have food and tools, lucky to be young andstrong. But I knew that my island was somewhere off thecoast of South America. Ships did not often come downthis coast, and I said to myself, 'I'm going to be on thisisland for a long time.' So, on a long piece of wood, I cutthese words:laces to put all my food, and all my tools and guns. Butvery time I wanted a piece of wood, I had to cut down ar e. It was long, slow, difficult work, and during then xt months I learnt to be very clever with my tools.here was no hurry. I had all the time in the world.I also went out every day, and I always had my gunwith me. Sometimes I killed a wild animal, and then I hadm at to eat.But when it got dark, I had to go to bed because I hadno light. I couldn't read or write because I couldn't see.'or a long time, I didn't know what to do. But in the end,I JearntilOw to use the fat of dead animals to make alight.The weather on my island was usually very hot, andthere were often storms and heavy rain. The next June, itr ined all the time, andr- r I couldn't go out very-,'often. I was also ill fororne weeks, butlowly, I got better. When I was stronger, Ibegan to go out again.he first time I killed awild animal, and thesecond time I caught a ,.big turtle.I caught a big turtle.I CAME HERE ON 30TH SEPTEMBER 1659After that, I decided to make a cut for each day.,. r.'"'5Learning to live aloneI still needed a lot of things. 'Well,' I said, 'I'm going tohave to make them.' So, every day, I worked.First of all, I wanted to make my cave bigger. I carriedout stone from the cave, and after many days' hard workI had a large cave in the side of the hill. Then I needed atable and a chair, and that was my next job. I had towork on them for a long time. I also wanted to make17
Robinson CrusoeLearning to live aloneI was on the island for ten months before I visitedother parts of it. During those months I worked hard onmy cave and my house and my fence. Now I was ready tofind out more about the rest of the island.First, I walked along the side of a little river. There, Ifound open ground without trees. Later, I came to moretrees with many different fruits. I decided to take a lot ofthe fruit, and to put it to dry in the sun for a time. Then Icould keep it for many months.That night I went to sleep in a tree for the second time,and the next day I went on with my journey. Soon I cameto an opening in the hills. In front of me, everything wasgreen, and there were flowers everywhere. There werealso a lot of different birds and animals. I saw that myhouse was on the worst side of the island. But I didn'twant to move from there. It was my home now. I stayedaway for three days, and then I came home. But I oftenwent back to the other, greener side of the island.And so my life went on. Every month I learnt to do orto make something new. But I had troubles and accidentstoo. Once there was a terrible storm with very heavyrain. The roof of my cave fell in, and nearly killed me! Ihad to build it up again with many pieces of wood.I had a lot of food now. I cooked it over a fire or driedit in the sun. So I always had meat during the rainymonths when I could not go out with a gun. I learnt tomake pots to keep my food in.ut I wanted very much to makeharder, stronger pot - a pothat would not break in a fire. Iried many times, but I couldot do it. Then one day I waslucky. I made some new potsnd put them in a very hot fire.My first pothey changed colour, but didot break. I left them there for many hours, and whenhey were cold again, I found that they were hard andtrong. That night I was very happy. I had hot water forhe first time on the island.By then, I also had my own bread. That was luck, too.ne day I found a little bag. We used it on the ship, tokeep the chickens' food in. Therewas still some of the food in thebag, and I dropped some of it;) onto the ground. A month later",' I saw something bright green. I'.: there, and after six months I hada very small field of corn. I was1/ i very excited. Perhaps now I,( could make my own bread!It was easy to say, but not soeasy to do. It is a lot of work to1819
Robirzson CrusoeLearning to live alonemake bread from corn. Many people eat bread, but howmany people can take corn from a field and make breadout of it without help? I had to learn and to make manynew things, and it was a year before I cooked and ate myfirst bread.During all this time I never stopped thinking aboutescape. When I travelled across to the other side of theisland, I could see the other islands, and I said to myself,'Perhaps I can get there with a boat. Perhaps I can getback to England one day.'So I decided to make myself a boat. I cut down a bigtree, and then began to make a long hole in it. It was hardwork, but about six months later, I had a very fine canoe.Next, I had to get it down to the sea. How stupid I was!Why didn't I think before I began work? Of course, theanoe was too heavy. I couldn't move it! I pulled andushed and tried everything, but it didn't move. I wasv ry unhappy for a long time after that.That happened in my fourth year on the island. In myixth year I did make myself a smaller canoe, but I did notry to escape in it. The boat was too small for a longj umey, and I did not want to die at sea. The island wasy home now, not my prison, and I was just happy to belive. A year or two later, I made myself a second canoen the
And so, onSeptember 1st, 1651, I went to Hull, and the next day we sailed for London. But, a few days later,therewas a strongwind.Thesea was rough and dangerous, and the ship went up and down, up anddown. I was very ill,andvery afraid., ""f.,- A" The sea was rough anddangerous. 2 My first sea journey 'Oh,I don'twant to die!'I cried. 'Iwant to .
Figure 1: Photographies de quelques amandes de Ricinodendron heudelotii (A) et de Garcinia kola (B) présentant divers symptômes de maladies post-récolte. RESULTATS Taux d'infection des amandes de Ricinodendron heudelotii et de Garcinia kola Les amandes de R. heudelotii et G. kola commercialisés dans les marchés des
The Oxford HandbookofLinguistic Minimalism Edited by Cedric Boeckx The Oxford Handbook ofLinguistic Typology . THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF LINGUISTIC FIELDWORK Edited by NICHOLAS THIEBERGER OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department ofthe University ofOxford.
African-Canadian Literature that forms a singular contribution. Horace was the editor of Kola: A Black Literary Magazine for 29 of its 32 (and counting) years of publication. Through his guidance, Kola became Quebec’s preeminent English-language journal featuring literature from the Diaspora. The writings of George
Problems of Deep Open Pits Closure in the Kola Peninsula Serguei Reshetnyak a), Galina Melikhova b), Yulia Fedotova c), Mikhail Melikhov. d) a), c), d) Mining Institute, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 24 Fersman Street, Apatity, 184209, Murmanskaya Oblast, RUSSIA,
The components of garcinia kola were obtained from the available literature [5,13]. The three dimension structure in .sdf format and canonical SMILES of the ligands were obtained from NCBI PubChem Compound. Target Analysis The SMILES format of all the garcinia kola components was analyzed using SwissTargetPrediction server [14], and
extract of Garcinia kola was dissolved in 10 ml of distilled water, and then filtered. Few drops of 0.1% Ferric chloride solution were added to the filtrate. Formation of a blue-black precipitate indicates tannin. 2.3.8 Screening for Alkaloids Test for steroidal glycosides: Ten (10 ml) of each extract of Garcinia kola was evaporated
OXFORD COMPANION TO ENGLISH LITERATURE THE OXFORD COMPANION TO ENGLISH LITERATURE SIXTH EDITION EDITED BY MARGARET DRABBLE OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford 0x2 6DP CONTENTS Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
ZBIRKA ZADATAKA IZ MATEMATIKE Osnovna (B) razina Zadaci i rješenja sa nacionalnih ispita i državnih matura 2006.-2012. Prikupio i obradio: Ivan Brzovi ć,prof. Mali Lošinj,rujan 2012. 1 SKUP REALNIH BROJEVA BROJEVI I RA ČUNSKE OPERACIJE 1. Izra čunajte 0.5-7 .
