Chapter 3.2.3 2024 Alloy - METU Aerospace Engineering
MIL-HDBK-5H, Change Notice 11 October 20013.2.3 2024 ALLOY3.2.3.0 Comments and Properties — 2024 is a heat-treatable Al-Cu alloy which is availablein a wide variety of product forms and tempers. The properties vary markedly with temper; those in T3 andT4 type tempers are noteworthy for their high toughness, while T6 and T8 type tempers have very highstrength. This alloy has excellent properties and creep resistance at elevated temperatures. The T6 and T8type tempers have very high resistance to corrosion. However, as shown in Table 3.1.2.3.1(a), 2024-T3, -T4,and -T42 rolled plate, rod and bar, and extruded shapes and 2024-T6 and -T62 forgings have a ‘D’ SCCrating. This is the lowest rating and means that SCC failures have occurred in service or would beanticipated if there is any sustained stress. In-service failures are caused by stresses produced by anycombination of sources including solution heat treatment, straightening, forming, fit-up, clamping, sustainedservice loads or high service compression stresses that produce residual tensile stresses. These stresses maybe tension or compression as well as the stresses due to the Poisson effect, because the actual failures arecaused by the resulting sustained shear stresses. Pin-hole flaws in corrosion protection are sufficient forSCC. The weldability of the alloy is discussed in Section 3.1.3.4.The properties of extrusions should be based upon the thickness at the time of quenching prior tomachining. Selection of the mechanical properties based upon its final machined thickness may beunconservative; therefore, the thickness at the time of quenching to achieve properties is an important factorin the selection of the proper thickness column. For extrusions having sections with various thicknesses,consideration should be given to the properties as a function of thickness.Material specifications for 2024 are presented in Table 3.2.3.0(a). Room-temperature mechanicalproperties are shown in Tables 3.2.3.0(b) through (j2). The effect of temperature on the physical propertiesof this alloy is shown in Figure 3.2.3.0.Table 3.2.3.0(a). Material Specifications for 2024 Aluminum AlloySpecificationAMS 4037AMS 4035AMS-QQ-A-250/4AMS-QQ-A-250/5AMS 4120AMS-QQ-A-225/6AMS 4086AMS-WW-T-700/3AMS 4152AMS 4164AMS 4165AMS-QQ-A-200/3FormBare sheet and plateBare sheet and plateBare sheet and plateClad sheet and plateBar and rod, rolled or cold-finishedRolled or drawn bar, rod, and wireTubing, hydraulic, seamless, drawnTubingExtrusionExtrusionExtrusionExtruded bar, rod, and shapesThe following temper designations are more specifically described than in Table 3.1.2.:T81—The applicable designation for 2024-T3 sheet artificially aged to the required strength level.T361—Solution heat treated and naturally aged followed by cold rolling and natural aging treatment.T861—Solution heat treated and naturally aged followed by cold rolling and artificial agingtreatment.T72—Solution heat treated and aged by user in accordance with AMS 2770 to provide high resistance to stress-corrosion cracking, applicable only to sheet.Supersedes page 3-67 of MIL-HDBK-5H3-67
MIL-HDBK-5H1 December 1998Click the image to view the Interactive Graph.- Between 70 F and indicated temperatureK - At indicated temperatureC - At indicated temperature151412013K (0)120.3011600.2510-680C, Btu/(lb)(F)2K, Btu/[(hr)(ft )(F)/ft]K (T3XX, T4X), 10 80071000Temperature, FFigure 3.2.3.0 Effect of temperature on the physical properties of2024 aluminum alloy.The temper index for 2024 is as TemperT3, T351, T3510, T3511, T4, and T42T361 (supersedes T36)T62 and T72T81, T851, T8510, and T8511T861 (supersedes T86)3.2.3.1 T3, T351, T3510, T3511, T4, and T42 Temper — Figures 3.2.3.1.1(a) through3.2.3.1.5(b) present elevated temperature curves for various properties. Figures 3.2.3.1.6(a) through (q)present tensile and compressive stress-strain curves and tangent-modulus curves for various product formsand tempers at various temperatures. Figures 3.2.3.1.6(r) through (w) are full-range, stress-strain curves atroom temperature for various product forms. Figures 3.2.3.1.8(a) through (i) provide S/N fatigue curves forunnotched and notched specimens for T3 and T4 tempers.REPRINTED WITHOUT CHANGE.3-68
MIL-HDBK-5H1 December 19983.2.3.2 T361 (supersedes T36) Temper —3.2.3.3 T62 and T72 Temper — Figures 3.2.3.3.1(a) through (d) and 3.2.3.3.5(a) and (b) showthe effect of temperature on the tensile properties of the T62 temper. Figure 3.2.3.1.4 can be used for theelevated temperature curve for elastic moduli for this temper. Tensile and compressive stress-strain andtangent-modulus curves at room temperature are shown in Figure 3.2.3.3.6.3.2.3.4 T81, T851, T852, T8510 and T8511 Temper — Figures 3.2.3.4.1(a) through (d),3.2.3.4.2(a) and (b), 3.2.3.4.3(a) and (b), and 3.2.3.4.5(a) and (b) present elevated temperature curves forvarious mechanical properties for the T8XXX temper. Figures 3.2.3.4.1(e) and (f) contain graphs fordetermining tensile properties after complex thermal exposure. See Section 3.7.4.1 for a detailed discussionof their use. Figures 3.2.3.4.6(a) through (g) present tensile and compressive stress-strain and tangentmodulus curves for various products and tempers. Figures 3.2.3.4.6(h) through (j) are full-range stress-straincurves at room temperature for various product forms.3.2.3.5 T861 (T86) Temper — Figures 3.2.3.5.1(a) through (d), 3.2.3.5.2(a) and (b),3.2.3.5.3(a) through (c), and 3.2.3.5.5(a) and (b) present effect-of-temperature curves for variousmechanical properties. Figures 3.2.3.5.6(a) through (d) present compressive stress-strain and tangentmodulus curves for sheet material at various temperatures. Graphical displays of the residual strengthbehavior of center-cracked tension panels are presented in Figures 3.2.3.5.10(a) and (b).3-69
Table 3.2.3.0(b1). Design Mechanical and Physical Properties of 2024 Aluminum Alloy Sheet and PlateSpecification . . . . . . . . . .Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Temper . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SheetT30.0100.128ABAMS 4037 and 4652.419486115 10689109111137112139109135100 95122 1179894120 1157690728676907286.8.79794119 1159197119 .100See Figure 3.2.3.0a Caution: This specific alloy, temper, and product form exhibits poor stress-corrosion cracking resistance in this grain direction. It corresponds to an SCC resistance rating ofD, as indicated in Table 3.1.2.3.1(a).b Bearing values are “dry pin” values per Section 1.4.7.1. See Table 3.1.2.1.1.c See Table 3.2.3.0(c).d 10% for 0.500 inch.MIL-HDBK-5H1 December 19980.0080.1290.0090.249Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SABMechanical Properties:Ftu, ksi:6566L .646564646465LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63646463.ST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fty, ksi:L .484847474847LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434342424242ST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fcy, ksi:L .404039393939LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464645454545ST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fsu, ksi . . . . . . . . . . . . .404139403839Fbrub, ksi:(e/D 1.5) . . . . . . . . . 104 104 106 106 107 97(e/D 2.0) . . . . . . . . . 129 129 131 131 133 119Fbryb, ksi:(e/D 1.5) . . . . . . . . .757573737273(e/D 2.0) . . . . . . . . .909088888688e, percent (S-basis):ccLT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10123E, 10 ksi . . . . . . . . . . .10.5Ec, 103 ksi . . . . . . . . . . .10.7G, 103 ksi . . . . . . . . . . .4.0µ .0.33Physical Properties: , lb/in. . . . . . . . . . . . .C, K, and . . . . . . . . . .Thickness, in. . . . . . . . . .AMS-QQ-A-250/4SheetPlateT3610.020- 0.063- 0.2500.062 0.249 0.500SSS
Supersedes page 3-71 of MIL-HDBK-5HTable 3.2.3.0(b2). Design Mechanical and Physical Properties of 2024 Aluminum Alloy Sheet and Plate—ContinuedSpecification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMS-QQ-A-250/4Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Coiled SheetTemper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T4Thickness, in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E, 103 ksi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ec, 103 ksi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G, 103 ksi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .µ .Physical Properties:ω, lb/in.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C, Btu/(lb)(EF) . . . . . . . . . . . . .K, Btu/[(hr)(ft2)(EF)/ft] . . . . . . .α, 10-6 in./in./EF . . . . . . . . . . . .AMS-QQ-A-250/4Flat Sheet and 7806780678067c80c.8095809580c95c.d.d128d455555See Table 3.2.3.0(d)See Table 3.2.3.0(d)See Table 3.2.3.0(d)See Table 3.2.3.0(d)0.100See Figure 3.2.3.071 (at 77EF) for T4X and 87 (at 77EF) for T6X, T7X, See Figure 3.2.3.0See Figure 3.2.3.0a Design allowables in some cases were based upon data obtained from testing samples of material, supplied in the O or F temper, which were heat treated to demonstrateresponse to heat treatment by suppliers. Properties obtained by the user may be different than those listed if the material has been formed or otherwise cold or hot worked,particularly in the annealed temper, prior to solution heat treatment.b Bearing values are “dry pin” values per Section 1.4.7.1.c See Table 3.1.2.1.1.d See Table 3.2.3.0(c).MIL-HDBK-5H, Change Notice 11 October 20013-71Mechanical Properties:Ftu, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fty, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fcy, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fsu, ksi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fbrub, ksi:(e/D 1.5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(e/D 2.0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fbryb, ksi:(e/D 1.5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(e/D 2.0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .e, percent (S-basis):LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AMS 4035 and AMS-QQ-A-250/4
MIL-HDBK-5H, Change Notice 11 October 2001Table 3.2.3.0(b3). Design Mechanical and Physical Properties of 2024 Aluminum AlloySheet and Plate—ContinuedSpecification . . . . . . .AMS-QQ-A-250/4Form . . . . . . . . . . . . .SheetPlateTemper . . . . . . . . . . .T81T851Thickness, in. . . . . . .0.0100.249Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mechanical Properties:Ftu, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . .Fty, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . .Fcy, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . .Fsu, ksi . . . . . . . . . .Fbrua, ksi:(e/D 1.5) . . . . .(e/D 2.0) . . . . .Fbrya, ksi:(e/D 1.5) . . . . .(e/D 2.0) . . . . .e, percent (S-basis):LT . . . . . . . . . . . - 0.063- 0.2500.062 0.249 , 103 ksi . . . . . . . .Ec, 103 ksi . . . . . . .G, 103 ksi . . . . . . . .µ .See Table 3.2.3.0(d)See Table 3.2.3.0(d)See Table 3.2.3.0(d)See Table 3.2.3.0(d)Physical Properties:ω, lb/in.3 . . . . . . . .C, Btu/(lb)(EF) . . .K, Btu/[(hr)(ft2)(EF)/ft]α, 10-6 in./in./EF . . .0.100See Figure 3.2.3.087 (at 77EF)See Figure 3.2.3.0a Bearing values are “dry pin” values per Section 1.4.7.1.b See Table 3.1.2.1.1.Supersedes page 3-72 of MIL-HDBK-5H3-72
MIL-HDBK-5H1 December 1998Table 3.2.3.0(c). Minimum Elongation Values for Bare 2024 Aluminum Alloy Sheetand PlateElongation (LT), percentCondition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Thickness, 001-1.5001.501-2.000T3, T4, and T42121512876.Table 3.2.3.0(d). Modulus Values and Poisson's Ratio for Bare 2024 Aluminum AlloySheet and Plate, All TempersPropertyThickness, in.:0.010-0.249 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.250 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .EEcGµ10.510.710.710.94.04.00.330.333-73
Table 3.2.3.0(e1). Design Mechanical and Physical Properties of Clad 2024 Aluminum Alloy Sheet and PlateSpecification . . . . . . . .Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Temper . . . . . . . . . . . .Thickness, in. . . . . . . .AMS-QQ-A-250/5Flat sheet and 47.6.4.4.10.710.210.910.4a These values, except in the ST direction, have been adjusted to represent the average properties across the whole section, including the 2-½ percent nominal cladding thickness.b Caution: This specific alloy, temper, and product form exhibits poor stress-corrosion cracking resistance in this grain direction. It corresponds to an SCC resistance rating of D, asindicated in Table 3.1.2.3.1(a).c Bearing values are “dry pin” values per Section 1.4.7.1. See Table 3.1.2.1.1.d See Table 3.2.3.0(f).MIL-HDBK-5H1 December 19983-74Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mechanical Properties:Ftu, ksi:L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 60 60 61 62 63 63 64 62 64 61 63LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 59 59 60 61 62 62 63 62 64 61 63.ST . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fty, ksi:L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 45 44 45 45 47 45 47 46 48 45 48LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 40 39 40 40 42 40 42 40 42 40 42ST . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fcy, ksi:L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 37 36 37 37 39 37 39 37 39 37 39LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 43 42 43 43 45 43 45 43 45 42 45ST . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fsu, ksi . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 37 38 36 37Fbruc, ksi:(e/D 1.5) . . . . . . . 96 97 97 99 101 102 102 104 94 97 92 95(e/D 2.0) . . . . . . . 119 121 121 123 125 127 127 129 115 119 113 117Fbryc, ksi:(e/D 1.5) . . . . . . . 68 70 68 70 70 73 70 73 69 72 69 72(e/D 2.0) . . . . . . . 82 84 82 84 84 88 84 88 82 86 82 86e, percent (S-basis):dLT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.15.15.12.8.3E, 10 ksi:Primary . . . . . . . . .10.5Secondary . . . . . . .9.510.0Ec, 103 ksi:Primary . . . . . . . . .10.7Secondary . . . . . . .9.710.23G, 10 ksi . . . . . . . . .µ .0.33Physical Properties: , lb/in.3 . . . . . . . . . .0.100C, K, and . . . . . . . .1.0011.500aAB
MIL-HDBK-5H1 December 1998Table 3.2.3.0(e2). Design Mechanical and Physical Properties of Clad 2024 AluminumAlloy Sheet and Plate-ContinuedSpecification . . . . . . .AMS-QQ-A-250/5Form . . . . . . . . . . . . .Flat sheet and plateCoiled sheetTemper . . . . . . . . . . .T361T40.0100.0620.0630.128Thickness, in. . . . . . .0.0200.0620.0630.2490.2500.4990.500aBasis . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.710.710.210.910.410.79.710.710.2Mechanical Properties:Ftu, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . .Fty, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . .Fcy, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . .Fsu, ksi . . . . . . . . . .Fbrub, ksi:(e/D 1.5) . . . . . .(e/D 2.0) . . . . . .Fbryb, ksi:(e/D 1.5) . . . . . .(e/D 2.0) . . . . . .e, percent (S-basis):LT . . . . . . . . . . . .E, 103 ksi:Primary . . . . . . . .Secondary . . . . . .Ec, 103 ksi:Primary . . . . . . . .Secondary . . . . . .cG, 103 ksi . . . . . . . .µ .0.33Physical Properties: , lb/in.3 . . . . . . . . .C, K, and . . . . . . .0.100.a These values have been adjusted to represent the average properties across the whole section, including the 2-½ percentnominal cladding thickness.b Bearing values are “dry pin” values per Section 1.4.7.1.c See Table 3.2.3.0(f).3-75
Table 3.2.3.0(e3). Design Mechanical and Physical Properties of Clad 2024 Aluminum Alloy Sheet and Plate - ContinuedSpecification . . . . . . . . .Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Temper . . . . . . . . . . . . .Thickness, in. . . . . . . . 0bS0.0100.062ST62a0.0630.249Sc0.250- 0.0100.499 2.0.330.100.Design allowables in some cases were based upon data obtained from testing samples of material, supplied in the O or F temper, which were heat treated to demonstrate response to heat treatmentby suppliers. Properties obtained by the user may be different than those listed if the material has been formed or otherwise cold or hot worked, particularly in the annealed temper, prior to solutionheat treatment.These values have been adjusted to represent the average properties across the whole section, including 2½ percent per side nominal cladding thickness.Bearing values are “dry pin” values per Section 1.4.7.1.See Table 3.1.2.1.1.See Table 3.2.3.0(f).MIL-HDBK-5H1 December 19983-76Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mechanical Properties:Ftu, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fty, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fcy, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fsu, ksi . . . . . . . . . . . .Fbru, ksi:(e/D 1.5) . . . . . . .(e/D 2.0) . . . . . . .Fbry, ksi:(e/D 1.5) . . . . . . .(e/D 2.0) . . . . . . .e, percent (S-basis):LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E, 103 ksi:Primary . . . . . . . . . .Secondary . . . . . . . .Ec, 103 ksi:Primary . . . . . . . . . .Secondary . . . . . . . .G, 103 ksi . . . . . . . . . .µ .Physical Properties: , lb/in.3 . . . . . . . . . .C, K, and . . . . . . . .AMS-QQ-A-250/5Flat sheet and plate
MIL-HDBK-5H1 December 1998Table 3.2.3.0(e4). Design Mechanical and physical Properties of Clad 2024 AluminumAlloy Sheet and Plate - ContinuedSpecification . . . . .AMS-QQ-A-250/5Form . . . . . . . . . . .Flat sheet and plateTemper . . . . . . . . .T851aT81Thickness, in. . . . .0.0100.0620.0630.249Basis . . . . . . . . . . .SSA646267655754Mechanical Properties:Ftu, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . .Fty, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . .Fcy, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . .Fsu, ksi . . . . . . . .Fbru, ksi:(e/D 1.5) . . . .(e/D 2.0) . . . .Fbry, ksi:(e/D 1.5) . . . .(e/D 2.0) . . . .e, percent (S-basis):LT . . . . . . . . . .E, 103 ksi:Primary . . . . . .Secondary . . . .Ec, 103 ksi:Primary . . . . . .Secondary . . . 10.910.4G, 103 ksi . . . . . .µ .0.33Physical Properties: , lb/in.3 . . . . . . .C, K, and . . . . .0.100.0.2500.499 0.500ba Bearing values are “dry pin” values per Section 1.4.7.1.b These values have been adjusted to represent the average properties across the whole section, including the 2-½ percentnominal cladding thickness.3-77
MIL-HDBK-5H1 December 1998Table 3.2.3.0(f). Minimum Elongation Values for Clad 2024 Aluminum AlloySheet and PlateElongation (LT), percentTemper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Thickness, -78T3, T4, T42121576
MIL-HDBK-5H1 December 1998Table 3.2.3.0(g). Design Mechanical and Physical Properties of 2024Aluminum Alloy Drawn TubingSpecification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AMS 4086 and WW-T700/3Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .WW-T-700/3Drawn tubingTemper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T3T42aT81Wall Thickness, in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.0180.5000.0180.5000.0100.249Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mechanical Properties:Ftu, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fty, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fcy, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fsu, ksi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fbru, ksi:(e/D 1.5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(e/D 2.0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fbry, ksi:(e/D 1.5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(e/D 2.0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .e, percent (S-basis):L 9912693118.596763725361.bbbE, 103 ksi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ec, 103 ksi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G, 103 ksi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .µ .10.510.74.00.33Physical Properties: , lb/in.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C, K, and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.100See Figure 3.2.3.0a Design allowables were based upon data obtained from testing samples of material supplied in the O or Ftemper, which were heat treated to demonstrate response to heat treatment by suppliers. Properties obtained bythe user, however, may be lower than those listed if the material has been formed or otherwise cold or hotworked, particularly in the annealed temper, prior to solution heat treatment.b See Table 3.2.3.0(h).3-79
MIL-HDBK-5H1 December 1998Table 3.2.3.0(h). Minimum Elongation Values for 2024 Aluminum Alloy DrawnTubingElongation (L), percentaTemper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T3, T42Wall Thickness, in.:0.018-0.024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.025-0.049 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.050-0.259 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.260-0.500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10121416Temper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T810.010-0.024 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.025-0.049 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.050-0.249 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a Full section specimen.3-80.56
MIL-HDBK-5H, Change Notice 11 October 2001Table 3.2.3.0(i1). Design Mechanical and Physical Properties of 2024 Aluminum AlloyBar and Rod; Rolled, Drawn, or Cold-FinishedSpecification . . . . . . . .AMS-QQ-A225/6AMS 4120 and AMS-QQ-A-225/6Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bar and rod; rolled, drawn, or cold-finishedTemper . . . . . . . . . . . .T351T361Thickness, in. . . . . . . 0a5.0016.000a6.0016.500a#0.375Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37463746374637463746374.1010101010101010Mechanical Properties:Ftu, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fty, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fcy, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fsu, ksi . . . . . . . . . . .Fbru, ksi:(e/D 1.5) . . . . . .(e/D 2.0) . . . . . .Fbry, ksi:(e/D 1.5) . . . . . .(e/D 2.0) . . . . . .e, percent:L .E, 10 ksi . . . . . . . . .Ec, 103 ksi . . . . . . . . .G, 103 ksi . . . . . . . . .µ .310.510.74.00.33Physical Properties:ω, lb/in.3 . . . . . . . . . .C, K, and α . . . . . . . .0.100See Figure 3.2.3.0a For square, rectangular, hexagonal, or octagonal bar, minimum thickness is 4 inches, and maximum cross-sectional area is 36 squareinches.b Caution: This specific alloy, temper, and product form exhibits poor stress-corrosion cracking resistance in this grain direction. Itcorresponds to an SCC resistance rating of D, as indicated in Table 3.1.2.3.1(a).Supersedes page 3-81 of MIL-HDBK-5H3-81
Supersedes page 3-82 of MIL-HDBK-5HTable 3.2.3.0(i2). Design Mechanical and Physical Properties of 2024 Aluminum Alloy Bar and Rod; Rolled, Drawn,or Cold-Finished—ContinuedAMS 4120 and AMS-QQ-A-225/6Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AMS-QQ-A-225/6Bar and rod; rolled, drawn, or cold-finishedForm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Temper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0d6.5018.000d#6.500cBasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mechanical Properties:Ftu, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fty, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fcy, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fsu, ksi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fbru, ksi:(e/D 1.5) . . . . . . . . . . . . .(e/D 2.0) . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fbry, ksi:(e/D 1.5) . . . . . . . . . . . . .(e/D 2.0) . . . . . . . . . . . . .e, percent:L .E, 103 ksi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ec, 103 ksi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G, 103 ksi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .µ .Physical Properties:ω, lb/in.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C and α . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .K, Btu/[(hr)(ft2)(EF)/ft] . . . . .10.510.74.00.330.100See Figure 3.2.3.071 (at 77EF) for T4X (See Figure 3.2.3.0)a The T4 temper is obsolete and should not be specified for new designs.b These properties apply when samples of material supplied in the O or F temper are heat treated to demonstrate response to heat treatment. Properties obtained by the user, however,may be lower than those listed if the material has been formed or otherwise cold or hot worked, particularly in the annealed temper, prior to solution heat treatment.c For square, rectangular, hexagonal, or octagonal bar, maximum thickness is 4 inches, and maximum cross-sectional area is 36 square inches.d Applies to rod only.e Caution: This specific alloy, temper, and product form exhibits poor stress-corrosion cracking resistance in this grain direction. It corresponds to an SCC resistance rating of D,as indicated in Table 3.1.2.3.1(a).1 October 20013-82Thickness, in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MIL-HDBK-5H, Change Notice 11 October 2001Table 3.2.3.0(i3). Design Mechanical and Physical Properties of 2024 Aluminum AlloyBar and Rod; Rolled, Drawn, or Cold-Finished—ContinuedSpecification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .AMS-QQ-A-225/6Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bar and rod; rolled, drawn, or cold finishedTemper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T6aT62bT851Thickness,c in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .#6.500#6.5000.500-6.500Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SSS62.60.66.50.46.58.555Mechanical Properties:Ftu, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fty, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fcy, ksi:L .LT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fsu, ksi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fbru, ksi:(e/D 1.5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(e/D 2.0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Fbry, ksi:(e/D 1.5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(e/D 2.0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .e, percent:L .
AMS 4037 AMS 4035 AMS-QQ-A-250/4 AMS-QQ-A-250/5 AMS 4120 AMS-QQ-A-225/6 AMS 4086 AMS-WW-T-700/3 AMS 4152 AMS 4164 AMS 4165 AMS-QQ-A-200/3 Bare sheet and plate Bare sheet and plate Bare sheet and plate Clad sheet and plate Bar and rod, rolled or cold-finished Rolled or drawn bar,
EMPLOYMENT/UNEMPLOYMENT DATA. . . 36 . Bill Galvin Alderperson April 2024 Craig Stevens Alderperson April 2024 Steven Campbell Alderperson April 2024 Randy Scannell Alderperson April 2024 Chris Wery Alderperson April 2024 Brian Johnson Alderperson April 2024 Mark Steuer Alderperson April 2024 Melinda Eck Alderperson April 2024
Part One: Heir of Ash Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 .
TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD. Contents Dedication Epigraph Part One Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Part Two Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18. Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26
DEDICATION PART ONE Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 PART TWO Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 .
telc Deutsch A1 Audit valid until: 1 March 2024 . Start Deutsch 2 telc Deutsch A2 Audit valid until: 1 March 2024 . Zertifikat Deutsch B1 telc Deutsch B1 Audit valid until: 1 March 2024 . telc Deutsch B2 Audit valid until: 1 March 2024 . telc Deutsch C1 Hochschule Audit valid until: 10 January 2024 .
About the husband’s secret. Dedication Epigraph Pandora Monday Chapter One Chapter Two Chapter Three Chapter Four Chapter Five Tuesday Chapter Six Chapter Seven. Chapter Eight Chapter Nine Chapter Ten Chapter Eleven Chapter Twelve Chapter Thirteen Chapter Fourteen Chapter Fifteen Chapter Sixteen Chapter Seventeen Chapter Eighteen
18.4 35 18.5 35 I Solutions to Applying the Concepts Questions II Answers to End-of-chapter Conceptual Questions Chapter 1 37 Chapter 2 38 Chapter 3 39 Chapter 4 40 Chapter 5 43 Chapter 6 45 Chapter 7 46 Chapter 8 47 Chapter 9 50 Chapter 10 52 Chapter 11 55 Chapter 12 56 Chapter 13 57 Chapter 14 61 Chapter 15 62 Chapter 16 63 Chapter 17 65 .
HUNTER. Special thanks to Kate Cary. Contents Cover Title Page Prologue Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter
