TECHNICAL GUIDE WELDING - Bima Bisalloy
TECHNICAL GUIDEWELDING
INTRODUCING OUR NEW PRODUCTNOMENCLATUREBisalloy Steels has recently introduced a new productnomenclature. The following table details the gradeequivalents.Note: Only the designation has changed – not the productPrevious NameNew NameBISPLATE 60BISALLOY Structural 60 steelBISPLATE 70BISALLOY Structural 70 steelBISPLATE 80BISALLOY Structural 80 steelBISPLATE 100BISALLOY Structural 100 steelBISPLATE 80PVBISALLOY Structural 80 PressureVessel steelBISPLATE 320BISALLOY Wear 320 steelBISPLATE 400BISALLOY Wear 400 steelBISPLATE 450BISALLOY Wear 450 steelBISPLATE 500BISALLOY Wear 500 steelBISPLATE 600BISALLOY Wear 600 steelBISPLATE HIA - Class 1BISALLOY Armour RHA300 steelBISPLATE HIA - Class 2BISALLOY Armour RHA360 steelBISPLATE HTABISALLOY Armour HTA400 steelBISPLATE UHTBISALLOY Armour UHT440 steelBISPLATE HHABISALLOY Armour HHA500 steelBISPLATE UHHBISALLOY Armour UHH600 steel 02 BISALLOY is a registered trade mark of Bisalloy Steels Group Limited, ABN 22 098 674 545
WELDING OF BISALLOY QUENCHEDAND TEMPERED STEELSGeneral InformationHYDROGEN CONTROLAll grades of BISALLOY steel can be readily welded usingany of the conventional low hydrogen welding processes.To ensure adequate welding of BISALLOY steel, it isnecessary to be more mindful of the levels of hydrogen,preheat temperatures and arc energy inputs in order tominimise the hardening and maintain the properties of theweld Heat Affected Zone (HAZ).Their low carbon content and carefully balanced, butrelatively small additions of alloying elements (Mn, Cr, Mo,B) ensures good weldability, in addition to the advantages ofhigh strength, impact toughness and high hardness.Particular attention must be paid to the control of hydrogencontent to minimise the risk of weld and HAZ cracking.Weld hydrogen content is minimised by careful attent ionto the cleanliness and dryness of the joint preparationsand the use of hydrogen controlled welding consumables.Recommendations on the correct storage and handling ofconsumables may be obtained from welding consumablemanufacturers, for instance the use of “Hot Boxes” forstorage and reconditioning are required when using manualmetal arc welding electrodes . Refer WTIA Tech Note 3 forfurther guidance.HEAT AFFECTED ZONE PROPERTYCONTROLThe HAZ, a region directly adjacent to the weld, experiencesa thermal cycle ranging from unaffected parent plate to nearmelting at the fusion boundary.The properties of this zone are determined by the steelcomposition as well as the cooling rate.2016 TECHNICAL GUIDE - WELDING 03
STEEL COMPOSITIONTable 1:BISALLOY steel gradePLATETHICKNESS(mm)CARBONEQUIVALENT(IIW) TYPICALCETTYPICALAVERAGE60, 70, 80,100, 320, 4005 - 160.400.2960, 70, 80,320, 40016 - 320.500.3560, 70, 80,320, 400 32 - 800.540.3260, 70, 80,320, 40081 - 1000.580.344506 - 2025 - 500.460.580.300.365008 - 1000.620.4260012 - 500.750.52BISALLOY Steel grades and chemical compositions may bedivided into categories based on Carbon Equivalent and CETas seen in Table 1:Notes:1.C.E. (IIW) C Mn Cr Mo V Cu Ni65152.CET C Mn Mo Cr Cu Ni102040These categories give an indication of the degree of carerequired in the proper selection of welding preheat/heatinputs.COOLING RATELimitations on both preheat and heat input are necessary toensure that the HAZ cools at an appropriate rate and thatthe correct hardness and microstructure are achieved. Tooslow a cooling rate can result in a soft HAZ and thus a lossof tensile and fracture toughness properties. Too rapid acooling rate produces a hard HAZ which may cause loss ofductility.Cooling is controlled by a balance between preheat and heatinput for a particular plate thi c kness and joint configuration.PREHEAT/ HEAT INPUTThe preheat/heat input recommendations outlined in tables2 and 3 will ensure that the cooling rate of the HAZ issatisfactory.04 BISALLOY is a registered trade mark of Bisalloy Steels Group Limited, ABN 22 098 674 545
RECOMMENDED PREHEAT/INTERPASSTEMPERATURES ( C) FOR BISALLOY STEELTable 2:BISALLOY steel gradeJOINT COMBINED THICKNESS (t1 t2 t3) (mm) 30 30 40 40 50 50 100 10060 (AS 3597 Grade 500)Nil*50507514070 (AS 3597 Grade 600)Nil*50507514080 (AS 3597 Grade 700)Nil*505075140100 (AS3597 Grade 0450Nil*Nil*100125 ****500100150150150**600150150150****80 - 450 Grades150150175200220500 Grade150175175200220600 Grade150175175220220Minimum Preheat Temperature C High Strength StructuralGradesMinimum Preheat Temp CAbrasion Resistant GradesMaximum lnterpassTemperature C* Chill must be removed from plates prior to welding.** Refer to Bisalloy Steels for availability, preheat/interpass requirements.***A reduced 100ºC min preheat can be used for product 50 – 60 JCTPERMISSIBLE HEAT INPUT (KJ/MM)FOR BISALLOY STEELTable 3:Note that under rigid weld joint restraint or high ambienthumidity conditions preheating temperature should beincreased by 25ºCWeldingProcessMAXIMUM PLATE THICKNESS IN JOINT(mm) 40 40 60 60 100 0SAW1.0-2.51.0-3.51.5-4.51.5-5.0Heat Input (kJ/mm) Volts X Amps X 0.06Travel Speed (mm/minute)Note: For thicknesses up to 12 mm in structural grades, themaximum arc energy may need to be limited to 1.5 KJ/mmmaximum in specific applications2016 TECHNICAL GUIDE - WELDING 05
WELDING CONSUMABLESWelding Consumable Selection Guide for BISALLOY steel (AS Classifications)Table 4a:MAXIMUM PLATE THICKNESS IN JOINT (mm)BISALLOYStructural 60steelBISALLOY Structural 70steelBISALLOY Structural 80steelBISALLOY Wear100, 320, 400, 450 &500 steelE55XX/E62XX E69XX E76XXN.R. BISALLOY steel gradeMMAW Consumables* Warning:Only use Hydrogen ControlledconsumablesStrength LevelHardnessMatchingLowerE49XXE55XXE55XX/E62XX 1430-AX, 1855-AX MatchingW55XX/W62XX W69XX W50XXW55XX.XW50XXMatchingN.R.N.R.N.R.1855-BX MatchingB T 55X/B T 62X B T 69X B T 76XN.R.LowerB T 49XB T 62XB T 62XB T 55XLowerB T 49XB T 55XB T 55XB T 49XMatchingN.R.N.R.N.R.1430-BX, 1855-BX,1860-BX MatchingW55XX/W62XX W69XX 40XXW40XXMatchingN.R.N.R.N.R.1855-BX GMAW Consumables**Strength LevelHardnessFCAW Consumables***Strength LevelHardnessSAW Consumables****Strength LevelHardnessTable 4a courtesy of WT/A (Tech. Note 15)Notes:**********XMMAW - AS/NZS 4855 consumable classificationGMAW - AS2717.1 consumable classificationFCAW - AS/NZS17632 and AS/NZS18276consumable classificationSAW - AS1858.1 and AS1858.2 consumableclassificationA Variable - any value allowed by the relevantstandard may be acceptable provided thatthe consumable is hydrogen controlled (ielow hydrogen) N.R.E62XX and W62XX type consumables overmatch thestrength requirements but may be usedThese Consumables may be difficult to obtain. Insome cases E62XX, W62XX or B T 62X consumablesmay be substituted, otherwise use E76XX, W76XX orB T 76X typesAS2576 and WTIA TN 4 ClassificationsNot Recommended06 BISALLOY is a registered trade mark of Bisalloy Steels Group Limited, ABN 22 098 674 545
WELDING CONSUMABLESWelding Consumable Selection Guide for BISALLOY steel (AWS Classifications)Table 4b:MAXIMUM PLATE THICKNESS IN JOINT (mm)BISALLOY Wear100, 320, 400, 450& 500 steelBISALLOYStructural 60 steelBISALLOY Structural 70 steelMatchingE80XX/E90XX E100XX E110XXN.R.LowerE70XXE80XXE80XX/E90XXE80XX BISALLOY steel gradeBISALLOY Structural 80 steelMMAW Consumables*Warning: Only use HydrogenControlled consumablesStrength N.R.N.R.1430-AX, 1855-AX MatchingER80S-X/ER90S-X ER100S-X 0S-XGMAW Consumables**Strength hingN.R.N.R.N.R.1855-BX MatchingE8XTX-X/E9XTX-X E10XTX-X E11XTX-XN.R.FCAW Consumables***Strength 430-BX, 1855-BX,1860-BX MatchingF8XX/F9XX F10XX XMatchingN.R.N.R.N.R.1855-BX SAW Consumables****Strength LevelHardnessTable 4b courtesy of WT/A (Tech. Note 15)Notes:*MMAW – AWS A5.1-2004 and AWS A5.5 consumableclassification**GMAW – AWS A5.18-2005 and AWS A5.28consumable classification***FCAW – AWS A5.20-2005 and AWS A5.29consumable classification****SAW – AWS A5.17-1997 and AWS A5.23 consumableclassificationXA Variable - any value allowed by the relevantstandard may be acceptable provided thatthe consumable is hydrogen controlled (ielow hydrogen) N.R.E90XX, ER90S, E9XTX and F9XX type consumablesovermatch the strength requirements but may beusedThese Consumables may be difficult to obtain. Insome cases E90XX, ER90S, E9XTX or F9XX typeconsumables may be substituted, otherwise useE110XX, ER110S, E11XTX or F11XX typesAS2576 WTIA TN 4 ClassificationsNot Recommended2016 TECHNICAL GUIDE - WELDING 07
WELDING CONSUMABLESWelding Consumables suitable for matching strength, lower strength and matching hardness are readily availablefrom a range of consumable manufacturers as per following tables 5 to 8.Welding Consumables for Manual Metal Arc Welding (MMAW)Table 5:BISALLOY Structural60 steelBISALLOY Structural70 steelBISALLOY Structural80 steelBISALLOY Wear 100, 320,400, 450 & 500 steelM.S.Alloycraft 90Alloycraft 90 (under)Alloycraft 110 (over)Alloycraft 110N.R.L.S.Ferrocraft 61Ferrocraft 16 TwincoatFerrocraft 61Ferrocraft 16 TwincoatFerrocraft 61Ferrocraft 16 TwincoatFerrocraft 61Ferrocraft 16 TwincoatM.H.N.R.N.R.N.R.Cobalarc 350, 650 or 750M.S.Conarc 70GConarc 80 Conarc 80, Conarc 85 N.R.L.S.Conarc 49C,Easyarc 7018-1Conarc 49C,Easyarc 7018-1Conarc 49C,Easyarc 7018-1Conarc 49C,Easyarc ASpecialisedWeldingProducts(SWP) WAG WeldingAlloys .M.S.N.R.Weldwell PH118Weldwell PH118N.R.L.S.Austarc 16TC, 18TC orAustarc 77Austarc 16TC, 18TC orAustarc 77N.R.Austarc 16TC, 18TC orAustarc 77M.H.N.R.N.R.N.R.Abraso Cord 350, 700M.S.Metrode E9018-D1Metrode E10018-D2Metrode E11018-MN.R.L.S.WAG Speedarc 70181-E WAG Speedarc 7016-EWAG Speedarc 70181-E WAG Speedarc 7016-EWAG Speedarc 70181-E WAG Speedarc 7016-EN.R.M.H.N.R.N.R.N.R.Metrode Methard 350Metrode Methard 650WAG Hardface 400-EWAG Hardface L-EM.S.N.A.N.A.N.A.N.R.L.S.Eutectrode 66*66Eutectrode 66*66Eutectrode 66*66Eutectrode 66*66M.H.N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.M.S.OK 74.70OK 74.86OK 75.75N.A.L.S.OK 48.08, OK 48.04OK 48.08, OK 48.04OK 48.08, OK 48.04N.A.M.H.N.R.N.R.N.R.OK 83.28 (30 HRC)OK 83.50 (50-60 HRC)Matching StrengthLower StrengthMatching HardnessNot RecommendedNot AvailableN.B. Consumables in brackets will match mechanicalproperty requirements in the majority of instancesas per manufacturer’s recommendations andwhere the appropriate weld procedure isapplied. Weld Qualification procedures should becarried out to establish actual Weld metalproperties.Overmatching strength08 BISALLOY is a registered trade mark of Bisalloy Steels Group Limited, ABN 22 098 674 545
WELDING CONSUMABLESWelding Consumables for Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)Table 6:BISALLOY Structural60 steelBISALLOY Structural70 steelBISALLOY Structural80 steelBISALLOY Wear 100, 320,400, 450 & 500 steelM.S.Autocraft MnMoAutocraft MnMo (Under)AutocraftNiCrMo (Over)Autocraft NiCrMoN.R.L.S.Autocraft LW1 orAutocraft LW1-6Autocraft LW1 orAutocraft LW1-6Autocraft LW1 orAutocraft LW1-6Autocraft LW1 orAutocraft Autocraft HF650M.S.LNM Ni1LNM Ni1 (UM)LNM MoNiVaN.R.L.S.UltraMag S4UltraMag S6**UltraMag S4UltraMag S6**UltraMag S4UltraMag S6**UltraMag S4UltraMag S6**M.H.N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.M.S.Austmig ESD2/CO2 orMixed GasAustmig NiCrMo Austmig NiCrMoN.R.L.S.Austmig ES6/CO2 orMixed GasAustmig ES6/CO2 orMixed GasAustmig ES6/CO2 orMixed GasAustmig ES6/CO2 orMixed GasM.H.N.A.N.A.N.A.TD600/CO2 or Mixed GasM.S.SWP D2SWP 110 SWP 110N.R.L.S.SWP S6SWP S6SWP S6N.R.M.H.N.R.N.R.N.R.SWP HF350SWP HF600M.S.AN45252 /CO2 or Mixed GasAN45252 /CO2 or Mixed GasAN45252/CO2 or Mixed GasN.R.L.S.DO*65/CO2or Mixed GasDO*65/CO2or Mixed GasDO*65/CO2or Mixed GasDO*65/CO2or Mixed GasM.S.OK AristoRod 13.09Mixed GasOK AristoRod 55Mixed GasOK AristoRod 69Mixed GasN.A.L.S.OK AristoRod 12.50CO2 or Mixed GasOK AristoRod 12.50CO2 or Mixed GasOK AristoRod 12.50CO2 or Mixed GasN.A.N.R.OK AutoRod 13.89 (3040HRC)OK AutoRod 13.90 (5060HRC)ESABM.H.M.S.L.S.M.H.N.R.N.A.Matching StrengthLower StrengthMatching HardnessNot RecommendedNot AvailableN.R.N.R.N.B. **Consumables in brackets will match mechanicalproperty requirements in the majority of instancesas per manufacturer’s recommendations andwhere the appropriate weld procedure isapplied. Weld Qualification procedures should becarried out to establish actual Weld metalproperties.Overmatching strengthCO2 or mixed gas2016 TECHNICAL GUIDE - WELDING 09
WELDING CONSUMABLESWelding Consumables for Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)Table 7:BISALLOY Structural60 steelBISALLOY Structural70 steelBISALLOY Structural80 steelBISALLOY Wear 100,320, 400, 450 & 500steelM.S.SeamlessVerticor 91K2 H4Verticor 91K2 H4 (Under)***Verticor 111K3 H4(Over) Tensicor 110TXPH4 (Over) Metalcor 110H4 (Over)***Verticor 111K3 H4Tensicor 110TXP H4Metalcor 110 H4N.R.L.S.Seamless(E6XT-X)Verticor XP LT H4Verticor XP LT H4Verticor XP LT H4Verticor XP LT erticor 3XPH4,Verticor 5XP H4,L.S.Seamless Metalcor 5 H4, Verticor81Ni1 H4Verticor 3XP, SuprecorL.S.5, Metalcor XP,SeamedVerticor 81Ni1 81Ni2L.S. SelfShieldcor 8XPShieldedShieldcor 8NiVerticor 3XPH4, Verticor5XP H4, Metalcor 5 H4,Verticor 81Ni1 H4Verticor 3XP, Suprecor5, Metalcor XP, Verticor81Ni1 81Ni2Shieldcor 8XPShieldcor 8NiVerticor 3XPH4,Verticor 3XPH4,Verticor 5XP H4,Verticor 5XP H4,Metalcor 5 H4,Metalcor 5 H4, VerticorVerticor 81Ni1 H481Ni1 H4Verticor 3XP, Suprecor Verticor 3XP, Suprecor5, Metalcor XP,5, Metalcor XP,Verticor 81Ni1 81Ni2Verticor 81Ni1 81Ni2Shieldcor 8XPShieldcor 8XPShieldcor 8NiShieldcor 8NiStoody Super BuildN.R.Up-G, Stoody 965-G,Stoody 965 AP-GM.H.N.R.N.R.M.S.Outershield 91Ni1HSROutershield 91Ni1-HSR(UM)Outershield 690-HN.R.L.S.Outershield 81Ni1, 71MX, 71-CXInnershield NR-232,NR-233, NS-3MOutershield 81Ni1, 71MX, 71-CXInnershield NR-232, NR233, NS-3MOutershield 81Ni1, 71MX, 71-CXInnershield NR-232,NR-233, NS-3MM.H.N.R.N.R.N.R.Outershield 81Ni1,71-MX, 71-CXInnershield NR-232,NR-233, NS-3MLincore 33, Lincore36LS,Lincore 55-GM.S.Austfil 81N1M/MixedGas, TM-71 HYD/CO2,TM-811N2/CO2 orMixed GasFabCO 110K3M/MixedGasFabCO 110K3M/MixedGasN.R.L.S.Austfil 71T-1/CO2,Austfil 70C-6M,71T-1M/Mixed Gas,Formula XL-525/Mixed Gas, Fabshield4, XLR-8TM-991K2/CO2 or MixedGas, Austfil 81N1M/Mixed Gas, TM-71 HYD/CO2, TM-811N2/CO2or Mixed Gas, Metalloy80N1/Mixed GasTM-991K2/CO2 orMixed Gas, Austfil81N1M/Mixed Gas,TM-71 HYD/CO2, TM811N2/CO2 or MixedGas, Metalloy 80N1/Mixed GasAustfil 70C-6M, 71T1M, 81N1M/ MixedGas, Austfil 71T-1,TM-71, HYD/CO2 TM811N2/CO2 or MixedGas, Metalloy 80N1/Mixed Gas, FormulaXL-525/Mixed Gas,Fabshield 4, XLR-8M.H.N.A.N.A.N.A.Vertiwear 600/MixedGas010 BISALLOY is a registered trade mark of Bisalloy Steels Group Limited, ABN 22 098 674 545
Table 7 Continued:BISALLOY Structural60 steelBISALLOY Structural 70steelBISALLOY Structural80 steelBISALLOY Wear 100,320, 400, 450 & astolinSpecialisedWeldingProducts(SWP) WAG WeldingAlloys GroupESABL.S.Teromatec OA2020Teromatec OA2020Teromatec OA2020Teromatec OA2020M.H.N.R.N.R.N.R.N.R.M.S.WAG Robofil R Ni1 ,WAG Robofil M Ni1,WAG Robofil B Ni1WAG Robofil R 690 ,WAG Robofil M 700,WAG Robofil B 700WAG Robofil R690 ,WAG Robofil M 700,WAG Robofil B 700N.R.L.S.WAG Robofil R 71 ,WAG Robofil M 71,WAG Robofil B 71WAG Robofil R 71 ,WAG Robofil M 71,WAG Robofil B 71WAG Robofil R 71 ,WAG Robofil M 71,WAG Robofil B 71N.R.WAG RobodurK350-G, WAG Robodur K450-G,WAG RobodurK600-G, WAG Hardface T-G, WAG Hardface P-G, WAG Hardface L-G, WAG Hardface LP-GM.S.N.R.N.R.N.R.M.S.Dualshield II 80-Ni1H4Mixed GasL.S.Dualshield 7100 UltraMixed GasDualshield T-100 CO2Shielding GasDualshield II 80-Ni1H4Mixed GasDualshield 7100 UltraMixed GasDualshield T-115 CO2or Mixed GasDualshield II 80-Ni1H4Mixed GasDualshield 7100 UltraMixed GasM.H.M.S.L.S.M.H.N.R.N.A.Matching StrengthLower StrengthMatching HardnessNot RecommendedNot AvailableN.R.N.R.N.B. ***N.R.N.A.N.A.OK Tubrodur 15.40(30-40HRC) CO2, OKTubrodur 15.52 (55-60HRC ) CO2 or, SelfShieldedConsumables in brackets will match mechanicalproperty requirements in the majority of instancesas per manufacturer’s recommendations andwhere the appropriate weld procedure isapplied. Weld Qualification procedures should becarried out to establish actual Weld metalproperties.Overmatching strengthVerticor 111K3 H4 not recommended for platethickness over 20 mm2016 TECHNICAL GUIDE - WELDING 011
WELDING CONSUMABLESWelding Consumables for Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)Table 8:BISALLOY Structural60 steelBISALLOY Structural 70steelBISALLOY Structural80 steelBISALLOY Wear 100,320, 400, 450 & 500steelM.S.N.A.Autocraft NiCrMo (Over)/Satinarc 4Autocraft NiCrMo/Satinarc 4N.R.L.S.Autocraft SA1 SA2/Satinarc 4 or 15Autocraft SA1 SA2/Satinarc 4 or 15Autocraft SA1 SA2/Satinarc 4 or 15M.H.N.R.N.R.N.R.M.S.Lincolnweld LA90/880M or 8500Lincolnweld LAC-690/880M /888 Lincolnweld LAC-690/880M /888L.S.L-60/L-61/ 761, 860,960 FluxL-60/L-61/ 761, 860, 960FluxL-60/L-61/ 761, 860,960 FluxM.H.N.R.N.R.LC25-S/880 FluxM.S.S3Ni1Mo Wire/BF10FluxS3Ni1Mo Wire/BF10 FluxS3Ni2.5CrMo Wire/BF10 FluxN.R.L.S.SWP EM12K Wire/WAG WAF325 FluxSWP EM12K Wire/WAG WAF325 FluxSWP EM12K Wire/WAG WAF325 ucts(SWP) WAG WeldingAlloys GroupESABM.S.L.S.M.H.N.R.N.A.Autocraft SA1 SA2/Satinarc 4 or 15Stoody 105 or 107/Stoody S FluxN.R.L-60/L-61/ 761, 860,960Lincore 30-S, Lincore42-S, Lincore50/880or 802 FluxM.H.N.R.N.R.N.R.WAG Hardface T-SWire/ WAG , WAF325Flux, WAG HardfaceP-S Wire/ WAG ,WAF325 Flux, WAG Hardface L-S/WAG WAF325 FluxM.S.OK Tubrod 15.24S OK10.62OK Tubrod 13.43 OK10.62OK Tubrod 15.27S OK10.62N.A.L.S.OK 12.22/OK 10.71OK 12.22/OK 10.71OK 12.22/OK 10.71N.A.M.H.N.A.N.A.N.A.N.A.Matching StrengthLower StrengthMatching HardnessNot RecommendedNot AvailableN.B. Consumables in brackets will match mechanicalproperty requirements in the majority of instancesas per manufacturer’s recommendations andwhere the appropriate weld procedure isapplied. Weld Qualification procedures should becarried out to establish actual Weld metalproperties.Overmatching strength012 BISALLOY is a registered trade mark of Bisalloy Steels Group Limited, ABN 22 098 674 545
WELDING PROCEDURESWELDING STRESSESTThe specific effects of welding on weld joint properties inany practical situation will depend on many factors includingthe choice of consumables, total weld heat input, level ofrestraint, weld geometry and proximity of adjacent welds.It should be emphasised that the recommended values ofpreheat and heat input are based on low to moderate levelsof restraint. For conditions of high restraint it is important tominimise the degree to which free contraction is hamperedand it may be necessary to use higher preheats. Properwelding sequence and small joint configurations would beconsidered important in high restraint situations and it isadvisable to establish welding parameters with simulatedfull scale weld tests.Guidance on weld procedures for specific applications maybe sought from Bisalloy Steels technical staff or consumablesuppliers.ARC STRIKESArc strikes outside the welded zone can result in cracks,particularly on dynamically loaded structures. All strikesshould be made within the joint preparation.TACK WELDINGTack welds require special care due to the abnormalstresses and high cooling rates experienced by the adjacentmaterial.The same preheat, heat input requirements should beemployed and lower strength welding consumablesconsidered.FILLET WELDINGGood fillet welding techniques are important in weldingQ&T steels because often very high stresses are applied inservice. It is essential that welds have good root penetration,be smooth, correctly contoured and well flared into thelegs of the joined pieces. Lower strength consumables aresuggested when design permits.Care should also be exercised at the assembly stage to avoidoffset and angular distortion at the plate edge, undercuttingand bad appearance.STRESS RELIEFStress relief may be conducted on BISALLOY 60, 70, 80 and80PV grades but is advisable only if absolutely necessary (eg.to comply with AS1210 in the case of road tankers). Stressrelief is recommended within a 540 - 570 C temperaturerange for one hour per 25 mm of thickness. Thermal cyclingis generally performed in accordance with AS1210 Coderequirements for Q&T steels. The toes of weld beads shouldbe dressed by grinding prior to any stress relief treatment inorder to prevent stress relief cracking.WTIA Tech. Note 15 provides guidance on correct proceduresfor fillet welding.When stress relieving BISALLOY steels 12 mm (typically0.40 CE(IIW)) and matching strength across the weld is arequirement, it is recommended to weld with minimumpermissible preheat/ interpass temperatures (Table 2) andheat input (Table 3) conditions to minimise the degree ofsoftening or any loss of strength which may occur in theHAZ.REPAIR WORKConsult Bisalloy Steels for further information if required.It is good practice to weld repair with lower strengthconsumables (low hydrogen type), since plate materialswhich have been highly stressed in service may tend to warpor distort slightly during welding and improved ductilitymay be required. In some situations, such as joints underrestraint, joints subjected to impact/fatigue stresses, etc,special welding consumables may be necessary.POST-WELD HEATINGPost-weld heating at 200 - 250 C may be conducted as aneffective hydrogen dissolution treatment particularly whenconsumables other than H5 or H10 are used.2016 TECHNICAL GUIDE - WELDING 013
HELPFUL HINTSGeneral rules for good quality welding of BISALLOY steel: Use a low hydrogen process, eg. GMAW (MIG), FCAW(gas shielded) Adhere to the correct rules for storage and handlingof low hydrogen consumables per the manufacturers’recommendations, or WTIA Tech. Note 3 Clean joint area of all contaminants prior to welding Remove 1 - 2 mm from flame cut or gouged surfaces bygrinding Select the recommended preheat, interpass and heatinput parameters Position for downhand welding where possible Always use stringer beads, never wide weaves Use lower strength consumables on root runs and filletwelds (when the design permits) Use temper beads when necessary Arc strikes to be made in the joint preparation Particular attention should be given to tack welds repreheat, heat input and joint cleanliness requirements Grinding toes of fillet welds is particularly important infatigue applicationsREFERENCES / FURTHER READING AS1554 Part 4 Welding of Q&T Steels AS1554 Part 5 Welding of Steel Structures Subject toHigh Levels of Fatigue Loading WTIA Technical Note 15 WTIA Technical Note 3 WTIA Technical Note 1
BIS0114 - TECHNICAL GUIDE - WELDING02 4272 0444www.bisalloy.com.au Bisalloy Steels Group Limited 2016.BISALLOY is a registered trade markof Bisalloy Steels Group Limited,ABN 22 098 674 545
** GMAW – AWS A5.18-2005 and AWS A5.28 consumable classification *** FCAW – AWS A5.20-2005 and AWS A5.29 consumable classification **** SAW – AWS A5.17-1997 and AWS A5.23 consumable classification X A Varia
6.3 Mechanised/automatic welding 114 6.4 TIG spot and plug welding 115 7 MIG welding 116 7.1 Introduction 116 7.2 Process principles 116 7.3 Welding consumables 130 7.4 Welding procedures and techniques 135 7.5 Mechanised and robotic welding 141 7.6 Mechanised electro-gas welding 143 7.7 MIG spot welding 144 8 Other welding processes 147 8.1 .
One Bisalloy Steels' original grades, BISALLOY Structural 80 steel has been continually manufactured in Australia for over 35 years and is low alloy, high strength steel plate with a yield stress three times that of carbon steel and featuring low carbon, excellent notch toughness and excellent weldability and formability. .
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seam butt welding resistance butt welding flash butt welding resistance butt welding shielded unshielded other process plasma laser resistance butt welding inert gas welding submerged arc welding atomic hydrogen shielded metal arc welding (coated electrode) esepl w w w . e u r e k a e l e c t r o d e s .
the welding processes most often used in today's industry including plasma arc cutting, oxyfuel gas cutting and welding, Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW), Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW). Flat welding positions and basic joints will be practiced. Pipe and tube welding
3. Classification of Underwater Welding Underwater welding may be divided into two main types: a) Wet welding b) Dry welding Fig. 3.1 Classification of underwater welding 3.1 Wet welding 3.1.1. Wet welding with coated electrode Wet welding is performed at ambient pressure with the welder-diver in the water and no physical barrier
10.6 Braze-welding 460 Exercises 466 11 Joining processes (welding) 467 11.1 Fusion welding 468 11.2 Oxy-acetylene welding 468 11.3 Manual metal-arc welding 490 11.4 Workshop testing of welds 504 11.5 Miscellaneous fusion welding processes 506 11.6 Workholding devices for fusion welding 509 11.7 Resistance welding 515
words, an asset management company’s present value of fee income equals its current assets under management. Of course, realistic active investment strategies (i.e. those that deviate from market weights) will exhibit capacity limits. If too many investors follow a given strategy, returns will decline and clients will eventually leave. Infinite growth is clearly unrealistic, and models built .
