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Hummingbird Basic Language Programmer's Guide0800 8 l 57-6M05131102Hummingbird Ltd.1 Sparks Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M2H 2W 1Tel: 1-416-496-2200 Toll Free Canada/USA: 1-877-FLY-HUMM ( 1-877-359-4866)Fax: 1-416-496-2207E-mail: support@hummingbird.com or getinfo@hummingbird.comFTP: ftp.hummingbird.comFor more information, visit www.hummingbird.comRESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND. Unpublished rights reserved under the copyright laws of the United States. The SOFTWARE is provided withrestricted rights. Use, duplications, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) ( 1)(ii) of TheRights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013, subparagraph (c)( 1) and (2) (a) ( 15) of the Commercial Cc.mputerSoftware-Restricted Rights clause at 48 CFR 52.227-19, as applicable, similar clauses in the FAR and NASA FAR Supplement, any successor orsimilar regulation.Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Hummingbird Ltd. Not allcopyrights pertain to all products. 1990-2002 Hummingbird Ltd. All rights reserved.Exceed, Exceed 3D, Exceed onDemand, Exceed PowerSuite, Exceed X Development Kit, Exceed Web, HostExplorer Print Services, HostExplorer,HostExplorer Web, HostExplorer Deployment Wizard, Hummingbird Connectivity Security Pack, Hummingbird Basic Language,Hummingbird Portal, Hummingbird Core Services, Hummingbird e-Toolkit, JuMP, Enterprise Toolkit for JuMP, Hummingbird e-Gateway,Hummingbird FTP, Hummingbird G2G, Hummingbird Web Server, Hummingbird SOCKS Client, NFS Maestro Client, NFS Maestro Gateway,NFS Maestro Server, NFS Maestro Solo, PrintExplorer, and XWeb are trademarks of Hummingbird Ltd. and/or its subsidiaries.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Portions of the code have been contributed by MIT. Portions copyright Blue Sky Software Corporation. All rightsreserved. All other copyrights, trademarks, and tradenames are the property of their respective owners.DISCLAIMER Hummingbird Ltd. software and documentation has been tested and reviewed. Nevertheless, Hummingbird Ltd. makes nowarranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the software and documentation included. In no event will Hummingbird Ltd.be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages resulting from any defect in the software or documentation included withthese products. In particular, Hummingbird Ltd. shall have no liability for any programs or data used with these products, including the cost ofrecovering such programs or data.ii
Related Documentation and ServicesManualsAll manuals are available in print and online. The online versions require Adobe Acrobat Reader 5.0 and are installedonly if you do a Complete installation.HelpThe online Help is a comprehensive, context-sensitive collection of information regarding your Hummingbird product.It contains conceptual and reference information, and detailed, step-by-step procedures to assist you in completing yourtasks.Release NotesThe release notes for each product contain descriptions of the new features and details on release-time issues. They areavailable in both print and HTML. The HTML version can be installed with the software. Read the release notes beforeinstalling your product.iii
Hummingbird Expose OnlineHummingbird Expose Online is an electronic mailing list and online newsletter. It was created to facilitate the deliveryof Hummingbird product-related information. It also provides tips, help, and interaction with Hummingbird users. Tosubscribe/unsubscribe, browse to the following web .htmlUser Groups and Mailing ListsThe user group is an unmoderated, electronic mailing list that facilitates discussion of product-related issues to helpusers resolve common problems and to provide tips, help, and contact with other users.To join a user group:Send an e-mail to listserv@hurrrrningbird.com. Leave the Subject line blank. In the body of the e-mail message, type thefollowing:subscribe exceedusers Your Namesubscribe hostexplorer-users Your Namesubscribe nfsmaestro-users Your NameTo unsubscribe:Send an e-mail to listserv hurrrrningbird. com. Leave the Subject line blank. In the body of the e-mail message, type thefollowing:unsubscribe exceedusers Your Nameunsubscribe hostexplorer-users Your Nameunsubscribe nfsmaestro-users Your NameTo post a messages to the user group:Send your e-mail ummingbird.comnfsmaestro-users@hummingbird.comTo search the mailing list archives:Go to the following web .htmliv
ContentsChapter 1: Introducing Hummingbird Basic1About Hummingbird Basic . 3Development Tools . 4Hummingbird Basic Features . 4Chapter 2: Hummingbird Basic Scripts7Sample Scripts . 9Programming Terminology . 11Structure of a Hummingbird Basic Script . 12Variable Scope . 13Functions and Control Statements . 13Control Statements . 16Variables, Constants, and Data Types . 16Variables and Constants . 17Data Types . 18Expressions and Operators . 26Numeric Operators . 26String Operators . 26Comparison Operators . 27Logical Operators . 27v
Hummingbird Basic Language Programmer's GuideProgramming Tips and Coding Suggestions . 28Naming Variables and Constants . 28Global Variables . 28Declaring Variables . 28Option Base . 28Dynamic Array . 28Runtime Error . 29Controls . 29Compatibility . 29Checking for the Existence of PC Files . 29Using Win32 API . 30Network Log on Name . 30Always Visible Message Box . 31Working with Windows Registry . 32OLE Functions . 33Error-Handling and Debugging . 34Error Types . 34Debugging Scripts for Syntax and Logic Errors . 35Handling Runtime Errors . 36Trapping Errors . 3643Chapter 3: Using Development Tools to Edit ScriptsAbout Hummingbird Basic Workbench . 45The Workbench Interface . 45Creating a Script File at a Glance . .47Compiling and Running a Script File . 49Running a Script File . 49vi
ContentsChapter 4: Designing Dialog Boxes51About Dialog Editor . 53Dialog Editor Interface . 53Adding Controls to a Dialog Box . 56Aligning Controls in the Dialog Box . 57Setting Control Properties . 58Dialog Box Properties . 59Button Control Properties . 60OptionButton Control Properties . 61Text Control Properties . 62TextBox (Edit) Control Properties . 63CheckBox Control Properties . 64ListBox Control Properties . 64StaticComboBox Control Properties . 65DropComboBox Control Properties . 66DropListBox Control Properties . 67GroupBox Control Properties . 68Picture Control Properties . 69Integrating a Dialog Box into Your Script . 70Defining the Dialog Box . 70Displaying the Dialog Box . 71Dialog Statements and Functions . 71Writing a Dialog Function . 74Putting It All Together . 77vii
Hummingbird Basic Language Programmer's GuideChapter 5: Hummingbird Basic Language Reference81Hummingbird Basic Statements and Functions . 83Arrays . 83Compiler Directives . 83Control Flow . 84Dates and Times . 85Declarations . 86Defining Dialog Boxes . 87Running Dialog Boxes . 88Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) . 89Environment Control . 89Error-Handling Functions . 90Disk and Directory Control . 90File Control . 91File Input/Output . 91Financial Functions . 92Numeric Functions . 93Trigonometric Functions . 93Objects . 94Screen Input/Output . 94String Functions . 95String Conversions . 96Variants . 96Calling External Functions in a .dll . 97Sample Script: Calling External Functions in a .dll . 97Using Dynamic Data Exchange . 98DDE Sample Script . 99Appendix A: Technical Support and Accessibility101Accessibility . 103Microsoft Accessibility Options . 104Technical Support . 105viiiGlossary107Index111
Chapter 1Introducing Hummingbird BasicAbout Hummingbird BasicDevelopment ToolsHummingbird Basic Features344
Chapter 1: Introducing Hummingbird BasicAbout Hummingbird BasicHummingb ird Basic is a fully functional language that includes aWorkbench for writing and compiling scripts, and a graphical drag-anddrop Dialog Editor for creating and designing an interface. Hummingb irdBasic can be used to create scripts for the tasks you frequently perform andwant to automate. For example, scripts can be created to automate routinetasks. The following are some common tasks that may require aHummingb ird Basic script: If you often edit specific files on your PC, then transfer these files toseveral UNIX hosts. Create a script using the FTP API functions thatwill connect to the host, transfer the designated files, and thendisconnect. If you need to perform the same actions on several IBM 3270 or 5250hosts at the same time. Create a script file with the HLLAPI functions.This saves you from maintaining the same shell script on a number ofdifferent 3270 hosts. If you configure your computer differently depending on what you areworking on, you could write a script to change your PC configurationback and forth. The script file would allow you to quickly and easilychange the configuration without having to manually edit the files eachtime.In addition to the Hummingb ird Basic statements and functions, there is aset of API and OLE function calls which you can use to customize thefollowing Hummingbi rd applications: FTP HostExplorerHummingbi rd Basic also supports a number of Xlib API functions. Thesefunctions are used to create X clients for your PC.Note: Xlib API commands are available only if you purchased theExceed product. Use only the applications that have OLE APIlibraries with Hummingbird BASIC.3
Hummingbird Basic Language Programmer's GuideDevelopment ToolsHummingbird Basic includes the following development tools:Workbenchyour scripts.A development environment to write, compile and debugDialog Editor Accessed from Workbench, this drag-and-drop dialog boxeditor lets you design a dialog box without having to manually code one.When you are finished designing, the code for the dialog box isautomatically generated and updated into your script.Hummingbird Basic FeaturesIf you are familiar with older versions of BASIC (those that predateWindows), you will notice that Hummingbird Basic includes many newfeatures and changes from the language you have learned. HummingbirdBasic more closely resembles other higher level languages popular today,such as C and Pascal.The topics below describe some of the differences you will notice betweenthe older versions of BASIC and Hummingbird Basic.Line Numbers and LabelsOlder versions of BASIC require numbers at the beginning of every line.More recent versions do not support these line numbers; in fact, they willgenerate error messages.If you want to reference a line of code, you can use a label. A label can be anycombination of text and numbers. Usually, it is a single word followed by acolon(:), which is placed at the beginning of a line of code. These labels areused by the Goto statement.Subroutines and Modularity of the LanguageHummingbird Basic is a modular language; code is divided intosubprocedures and functions. The subprocedures and functions you writeuse the Hummingbird Basic statements and functions to perform actions.Variable ScopeThe placement of variable declarations determines their scope.4
Chapter 1: Introducing Hummingbird BasicData TypesModern BASIC is now a typed language. In addition to the standard datatypes-numeric, string, array, and record-Hummingbird Basic alsoincludes variants and objects.Variables that are defined as variants can store any type of data. Forexample, the same variable can hold integers one time, and then, later in aprocedure, it can hold strings.Objects give you the ability to manipulate complex data supplied by anapplication, such as Windows, Forms, or OLE objects.Dialog Box HandlingHummingbird Basic contains extensive dialog box support to give you greatflexibility in creating and running your own custom dialog boxes. Youdefine a dialog box with dialog control statements between the BeginDialog . End Dialog statements, and then display it using the Dialogstatement (or function).Hummingbird Basic stores information about the selections the user makesin the dialog box. When the dialog box is closed, your program can accessthis information.Hummingbird Basic also includes statements and functions to display othertypes of boxes: Message Boxes-Notify the user of an event.Password Boxes-Do not echo the user's keystrokes on the screen. Input Boxes-Prompt for a single line of input.Financial Functions Hummingbird Basic includes a list of financialfunctions for calculating such things as loan payments, internal rates ofreturn, or future values based on a company's cash flow.Date and
Hummingbird Expose Online Hummingbird Expose Online is an electronic mailing list and online newsletter. It was created to facilitate the delivery of Hummingbird product-related information. It also provides tips, help, and interaction with users. To subscribe/unsubscribe, browse to the following web address:
Hummingbird Manuals - 6 - Hummingbird 1、 Basic knowledge - The Hummingbird is a 3 inch propeller drone. This is not a toy. If done incorrectly, it can harm the human body. - Hummingbird is using the Betaflight firmware flight control, and the introduction of Betaflight can be referred to the second part. - The way to type the rudder, as shown .
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