Safety And Health In The Construction Of Fixed Offshore .
82B09 10 englILO Codes of PracticeSafety and health in the constructionof fixed offshore installationsin the petroleum industryInternational Labour OfficeGeneva
CopyrightOInternational Labour Organisation 1981Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from themmay be reproduced without authorisation, o n condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction of translation, application should be made to theEditorial and Translation Branch, International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva22, Switzerland. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications.ISBN 92-2-102900-XFirst published 1981The designations employed in 1LO publications, which are in conformity withUnited Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply theexpression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International LabourOffice concerning the legal status of any country or territory or of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers.The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute anendorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed inthem.ILO publications can be obtained through major booksellers o r ILO local officesin many countries, or direct from ILO Publications, International Labour Office,CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. A catalogue or list of new publications will besent free of charge from the above address.Printed in Switzerland
In October 1977 a meeting convened by the ILO on safetyproblems in the offshore petroleum industry recommended thepreparation of a code of practice setting out standards for safetyand health during the construction of fixed offshore installations.Such a code, to be prepared by the ILO in co-operation with otherbodies, including the Inter-Governmental Maritime ConsultativeOrganisation (IMCO), was to take into consideration existingstandards applicable to offshore construction activities and tosupplement the ILO codes of practice on safety and health inbuilding and civil engineering work, shipbuilding and ship repairing.In accordance with a decision taken by the Governing Body ofthe ILO at its 211th (November 1979) Session, a meeting ofexperts from government, employers' and workers' circles, andincluding other interested international agencies, was convened inGeneva from 1 to 10 December 1980 in order to draw up the proposed code.'' The following experts took part in the meeting:Mr. S. Bye, Deputy Director, Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, Stavanger(Norway).Mr. V. Federenko, Secretary, Central Committee, Oil and Gas Workers' TradeUnion, Moscow (USSR).Mr. J. E. Howard, Group Safety Adviser, Shell International Petroleum, TheHague (Netherlands).Mr. P . Kutsyn, Chief, Occupational Safety Division, Ministry for the GasIndustry, Moscow (USSR).Mr. M. Marbun, Fire and Safety Co-ordinator, State Oil Company PERTAMINA, Jakarta (Indonesia).Mr. T. McCalmont, Construction Industry Co-ordinating Officer, Transport andGeneral Workers' Union, Glasgow (United Kingdom).Mr. L. A. Myhre, Chairman, Norwegian Oil and Petrochemical Union, Stavanger(foolnore continued overleaf)(Norway).
Safe construction of fixed offshore installationsThe code, as approved by the meeting of experts and as reproduced in this volume, seeks to provide guidance on the standardsof safety and health to be observed during the construction offixed offshore installations. As such, it is a corpus of practicaladvice for the use of all persons, whether in the public or in theprivate sector, who have responsibility for safety and health during the construction of fixed offshore installations in the petroleum industry and who may be framing provisions on the subject.Although couched in the language of a set of rules, this codehas no binding force; it is not intended to supersede national lawsor regulations or accepted standards but rather to provideguidance for governments, employers and workers.In adopting the code of practice, the experts recognised that itsprovisions could not be applied as they stood to all countries orregions, and that some provisions would need to be adapted tolocal conditions. In part, the experts' attention was directed to theharsh environment and complex offshore installations to be foundin isolated and deep-water situations. The application of thecode's provisions should be determined by the scale of the operation, by local circumstances and by technical possibilities.The text of the code was approved for publication by theGoverning Body of the ILO at its 215th (March 1981) Session.Mr. P. Odier, Chief, Department of Environmental Safety, Elf-Aquitaine, Paris(France).Mr. Y. A. Slail, Chief Loss Prevention Engineer, ARAMCO, Dhahran (SaudiArabia).The following international governmental and non-governmental organisationswere represented:Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organisation.International Organisation of Employers.International Federation of Chemical, Energy and General Workers' Unions.
ContentsPreface1.Definitions and application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1.1.2.Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 . General duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.1.General duties of employers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.2.Permits to work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.3.Training. including retraining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.4.General duties of workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.5.Designation of installation manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82.6.Duties of installation manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.7.Appointment of a safety and health supervisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.8.Safety committees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.9.Employment of young persons under 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.10. Intoxicants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 . General recommendations on safety and health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Accessandegress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .HousekeepingManual lifting and carrying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Construction. maintenance and inspection of plantandequipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Keeping of records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Placement or removal of the installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 . Diving4.1.5.1515151616171819General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 9Safety of workplaces and means of access and egress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.1.5.2.1521General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Scaffolding and staging-general . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Safe construction of fixed offshore installationsUse of scaffolds and staging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Slung scaffolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Suspended scaffolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Edge protection of working platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Scaffold fastenings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Mobile scaffolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Boatswain's chairs. cages. skips or similar plant or equipment . . .Counterweights and outriggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Inspection of scaffolds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Portable ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Extension ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Portable step-ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Inspection and maintenance of ladders and step-ladders . . . . . . . .Fixed ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Protection from falling and displaced materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Use and erection of scaffolds and ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Safety harnestes and lifelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Safety nets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Work over the sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232324252626272929303132323333343537376 . Toxic and hazardous substances and agents and personalprotective equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Precautions against oxygen enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Toxic and hazardous substances-storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Toxic and hazardous substances-supervision of use . . . . . . . . . . .Gas cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Explosives-storage and use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Lasers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Precautions against fume. dust. gas and vapour. etc . . . . . . . . . . . .Air-cleaning equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Toxic and irritant substances-personal protection . . . . . . . . . . . .Risk of explosion from fume. dust. gas and vapour . . . . . . . . . . . .Asbestos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Offensive and nuisance substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Environmental monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents6.15.6.16.6.17.6.18.6.19.6.20.7.Welding and flame cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . al55Work under water and in confined spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Work on containers for explosive or flammable substances . . . . . . 57Gas hoses and torches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57Electric arc welding-equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58Electric arc welding-protective clothing and equipment . . . . . . . . 59Electric arc welding-operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Machinery, pressure plant and posal of flammable. corrosive. toxic o r explosive substances . .lonising radiations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Personal protective equipment-general . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Head protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Respiratory protective equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Hand and arm protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Dangerous machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Woodworking machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Abrasive wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Pressurised systems, including pressure vessels and air receivers . . 66Emission of steam, smoke and vapour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Hand tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68Pneumatic tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Cartridge-operated tools-construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Cartridge-operated tools-inspection and maintenance . . . . . . . . . 70Cartridge-operated tools-use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Electricity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Protection of electrical conductors and apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Protection against excessive contact voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Earthing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.Flexible cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Mobile and portable equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Portable apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Safe construction of fixed offshore installationsHand lamps and portable lamp holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Circuit controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Circuit breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Fuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80Hazardous atmospheres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Inspection and maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Temporary installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.10 Noise and vibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8510.1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10.2. Noise limit levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Lifting appliances and lifting gear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89Construction and maintenance of lifting appliances . . . . . . . . . . . .Erection of lifting appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Operation of lifting appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Multiple lifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Operators of lifting appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Control of loads and operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Construction and maintenance of lifting gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Wire ropes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Hoists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .WinchesSafe working loads of lifting appliances and lifting gear . . . . . . . .Examination and inspection of lifting appliances and lifting gear .Carrying of persons by means of power-operated lifting appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.14. Secureness of loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 1.15. Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 1.11.1 1.12.11.13.12 Living accommodation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12.1.12.2.12.3.12.4.12.5.8585General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Emergency shelter accommodation . .Drinking water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Smoking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents13. Medical supervision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10714. Health and first aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109General recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sick bays or medical treatment rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .First-aid personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Provision of information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Liaison with doctors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10910911011111115 . Life-saving appliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4.15.5.15.6.15.7. . . . . . . . . . . .Stand-by vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rescue or pick-up boats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Access between vessels and the installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Survival craft and liferafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Lifejackets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Lifebuoys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Helicopters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11311311311411411511511711716.1. Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16.2. Landing areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11816.3. Control of helicopter movements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11817. Alarms. means of escape and fire-fighting equipment17.1.17.2.17.3.17.4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119General alarm system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Means of escape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119Location of emergency equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120Fire appliances and precautions against fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12018. Emergency procedures and drills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123.18.1.18.2.18.3.Emergency procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mr. M. Marbun, Fire and Safety Co-ordinator, State Oil Company PERTA- MINA, Jakarta (Indonesia). Mr. T. McCalmont, Construction Industry Co-ordinating Officer, Transport and
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