2008 Integrated Report - Oklahoma Department Of .

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WATER QUALITYOKLAHOMAIN2008INTEGRATED REPORTPREPARED PURSUANT TO SECTION 303(D) AND SECTION 305(B) OF THE CLEAN WATER ACTBYOKLAHOMA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

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Table of ContentsAcronyms and Definitions . 1Agencies . 1Terminologies . 1Executive Summary/Overview. 5Clean Water Act (CWA) Section 303(d) Requirements . 5CWA Section 305(b) Requirements . 5Integrated List Guidance . 5Category 1 . 6Category 2 . 6Category 3 . 6Category 4 . 7Category 5 . 7Synopsis . 8Surface Water Quality . 13Ground Water Quality . 14Background . 15Diversity and Ecology. 15Climate . 19Water Pollution Control Programs . 19Water Quality Standards Program . 20Point Source Control Program . 22Nonpoint Source Control Program . 24Superfund Program . 26Cost/Benefit Assessment . 31Costs . 31Benefits .33Surface Water Assessment . 35Surface Water Monitoring Program . 35Brief Summary of Oklahoma Conservation Commission Monitoring Activities .35Brief Summary of Oklahoma Water Resources Board Monitoring Activities .36Brief Summary of Oklahoma Corporation Commission Monitoring Activities .36Assessment Methodology . 38Use Support Assessment Protocol .38Beneficial Uses.38Data Requirements .38Quality Assurance.40Default Protocol .40Fish & Wildlife Propagation (F&WP) .41Dissolved Oxygen (DO) .41Toxicants .42pH .43Biological Data .43Turbidity .44Oil & Grease .45Sediment .45Toxicants Not Assessed and Not Likely to Occur or Violate Criteria .46Primary Body Contact Recreation (PBCR) . 46Fecal Coliform .46Escherichia coli (E. coli) .47Enterococci .47Secondary Body Contact.48Page i of iv

Public and Private Water Supply (PPWS) . 48Toxicants .48Total Coliform .48Oil & Grease .49Parameters Not Assessed and Not Likely to Occur or Violate Criteria .49Chlorophyll-a and Phosphorus .49Emergency Water Supply (EWS) .50Agriculture .50Total dissolved solids (TDS) .50Chlorides .50Sulfates .51Navigation .51Aesthetics .52Nutrients .52Phosphorus .52Oil & Grease .52Fish Consumption.52Category Decision Methodology .53Causes of Non-Attainment .55Sources of Non-Attainment .55Prioritization of TMDL Development & Future Monitoring .61Coordination, Review, And Approval .63Groundwater Quality . 65Overview . 65Major Aquifers with Anthropogenic Water Quality Problems or Concerns .66Non-major Aquifers with Anthropogenic Water Quality Problems or Concerns .69Major Sources of Contamination .69Overview of State Groundwater Protection Programs . 71Oklahoma's Wellhead Protection Program .73Groundwater Indicators .73References . 75List of FiguresFigure 1. Ecoregions of Oklahoma. 16Figure 2. Oklahoma Geology. 17Figure 3. Oklahoma Counties . 18Figure 4. Ecoregions Where Biocriteria Have Been Established. 44Figure 5. Integrated Report Category Decision Tree . 54Figure 6. Rotating Basin Plan Watersheds by Year . 63Figure 7. Mailout Request for Public Input . 64Figure 8. Groundwater Aquifers of Oklahoma . 67List of TablesTable 1. Lake Category Summary . 8Table 2. River and Stream Category Summary . 9Table 3. Lake Beneficial Use Support Summary . 9Table 4. River and Stream Beneficial Use Support Summary . 10Table 5. Lake Acres Impaired by Specific Pollutant . 10Table 6. River and Stream Miles Impaired by Specific Pollutant. 11Table 7. Lake Acres Impaired by Potential Source . 12Table 8. River and Stream Miles Impaired by Potential Source . 12Page ii of iv

Table 9. Atlas of Oklahoma . 19Table 10. Superfund, NPL, and Non-NPL Sites Impacting on Groundwater and Surface Water . 26Table 11. Federal Clean Water Act and State Matched Funding for Currently Active Grants . 31Table 12. FY 2006-2007 Municipal Wastewater Treatment Construction Projects funded through the CleanWater State Revolving Fund . 32Table 13. Temperature- and pH-Dependent Screening Values for Ammonia . 42Table 14. Decision Matrix for Toxicants Not Assessed or Likely to Occur or Violate F&WP Criteria . 46Table 15. Cause Codes . 55Table 16. Source Codes . 56Table 17. Useful Information in Determining Sources of Beneficial Use Non-Attainment . 57Table 18. TMDL Prioritization-Point Ranking . 62Table 19. Major Sources of Contamination . 70Table 20. Summary of the State Groundwater Protection Programs . 71Table 21. Public water supply standards violations . 73List of AppendicesAppendix A – Oklahoma’s Waterbody Identification System . A-1Appendix B – Comprehensive Waterbody Assessment . B-1Appendix C – 303(d) List of Impaired Waters. C-1Appendix D – 303(d) Delisting Justifications . D-1Appendix E – Response to Comments . E-1Page iii of iv

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2008 OK Integrated ReportAcronyms and DefinitionsAcronyms and DefinitionsAgenciesODAFFOCCCorporation CommissionOklahoma Department of Agriculture Food and ForestryOklahoma Conservation CommissionOklahoma Corporation CommissionOSDHOklahoma State Department of HealthOSEOffice of the Secretary of EnvironmentDEQOklahoma Department of Environmental QualityOWRBWildlife DepartmentOklahoma Water Resources BoardOklahoma Department of Wildlife ConservationTerminologies303(d)This section of the Clean Water Act requires each state to identify waters that do notor are not expected to meet applicable Water Quality Standards with technologybased controls alone. States are required to establish a priority ranking for thewaters, taking into account the pollution severity and designated uses of the waters.Once identification and priority ranking are completed, states are to develop TotalMaximum Daily Loads at a level necessary to achieve the applicable state WaterQuality Standards.304(l)This section of the Clean Water Act requires each state to identify those waters thatfail to meet Water Quality Standards due to toxic pollutants and other sources oftoxicity. It also requires the preparation of individual control strategies that willreduce point source discharges of toxic pollutants.305(b)This section of the Clean Water Act requires each state to report its water quality ona biennial cycle.314This section of the Clean Water Act requires each state to establish a Lake WaterQuality Assessment Report. This section provides federal funds for the state to submita classification of lakes according to trophic condition, develop processes andmethods to control sources of pollution and to work with other agencies in restoringthe quality of those lakes. Section 314 establishes the guidelines for conducting CleanLake Studies Phase I and II.319(h)This section of the Clean Water Act requires each state to develop a StateAssessment Report and a Management Program for Nonpoint Source pollutionproblems. The Assessment Report is to describe the nature, extent, and effects ofNonpoint Source pollution, the causes and sources of such pollution, and programsand methods used for controlling this pollution.Page 1 of 76

2008 OK Integrated ReportAcronyms and DefinitionsBMPsBest Management Practices: A technique that is determined to be the most effective,practical means of preventing or reducing pollutants from nonpoint sources in orderto achieve water quality goals.BOD5Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5-Day): The oxygen used in meeting the metabolicneeds of aerobic microorganisms in water rich in organic matter -- called alsobiological oxygen demand; the test requires five days of laboratory time and resultsmay vary when toxic substances are present which effect bacteria.CBOD5Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5-Day): That portion of the BOD that isnot due to oxidation of nitrogenous compounds.CTSICarlson's Trophic State Index (CTSI 9.81 ln[chl-α] 30.6).CWAClean Water Act: Public Law 92-500 enacted in 1972 provides for a comprehensiveprogram of water pollution control; two goals are proclaimed in this Act: (1) toachieve swimmable, fishable waters wherever attainable by July 1, 1983, and (2)by 1985 eliminate the discharge of pollutants into navigable waters.DDTDichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane: A colorless odorless water-insoluble crystallineinsecticide C14H9Cl5 that tends to accumulate in ecosystems and has toxic effects onmany vertebrates.DODissolved Oxygen: The amount of oxygen dissolved in water. DO concentrationsrange from a few parts per million up to about 10 ppm for most Oklahoma streams.A level of DO around 7 ppm is essential to sustain desired species of game fish. IfDO drops below 5 ppm the danger of a fish kill is present and malodorous conditionswill result. The major factors determining DO levels in water are temperature,atmospheric pressure, plant photosynthesis, rate of aeration and the presence ofoxygen demanding substances such as organic wastes. In addition to its affect onaquatic life, DO also prevents the chemical reduction and subsequent movement ofiron and manganese from the sediments and thereby reduces the cost of watertreatment.μg/LPage 2 of 76Microgram/liter.NPDESNational Pollutant Discharge Elimination System: A permit program established bySection 402 of the Clean Water Act. This program regulates discharges into thenation's water from point sources, including municipal, industrial, commercial andcertain agricultural sources.NTUNephelometric Turbidity Units: The measurement of the extent or degree ofcloudiness by means of a nephelometer (an instrument for determining theconcentration or particle size of suspensions by means of transmitted or reflectedlight).OKWBIDOklahoma Waterbody Identification number: A unique identifier assigned to eachwaterbody in Oklahoma. For a complete description of OKWBIDs, please seeAppendix A.PCB(s)Polychlorinated Biphenyl(s): Any of several compounds that are produced byreplacing hydrogen atoms in biphenyl with chlorine, have various industrialapplications, and are poisonous environmental pollutants which tend to accumulate inanimal tissues.pHThe negative logarithm of the effective hydrogen ion concentration or hydrogen-ionactivity in gram equivalents per liter used in expressing both acidity and alkalinity on

2008 OK Integrated ReportAcronyms and Definitionsa scale whose values run from 0 to 14 with 7 representing neutrality, numbers lessthan 7 increasing acidity, and numbers greater that 7 increasing alkalinity.Playa Lakes / PrairiePotholesShallow, small, ephemeral to permanent closed basin lake, typically found in high plainsand deserts.TDSTotal Dissolved Solids: The complete amount of solid matter dissolved in water orwastewater.TMDLTotal Maximum Daily Load: The sum of individual wasteload allocations for pointsources, safety, reserves, and loads from nonpoint source and natural backgrounds.WLAWasteload Allocation: The assignment of target loads to point sources so as toachieve Water Quality Standards in the most efficient manner. The wasteloadallocation is designed to allocate or allow certain quantities, rates or concentration ofpollutants discharged from contributing point sources which empty their effluent intothe same river segment. The purpose of the wasteload allocation is to eliminate anundue "wasteload burden" on a given stream segment.WQSWater Quality Standards: rules which establish classifications of uses of waters of thestate, criteria to maintain and protect such classifications, and other standards orpolicies pertaining to the quality of such waters.The purpose of the Standards is to promote and protect as many beneficial uses asare attainable and to assure that degradation of existing quality of waters of theState does not occur. These rules can be found at OAC 785:45.Page 3 of 76

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2008 OK Integrated ReportExecutive Summary/OverviewExecutive Summary/OverviewClean Water Act (CWA) Section 303(d) RequirementsThe 1972 amendments to the Clean Water Act include Section 303(d). The regulations implementing Section 303(d)require states to develop lists of water bodies that do not meet water quality standards and to submit updated liststo the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) every two years. Water quality standards, as defined in theCode of Federal Regulations, include beneficial uses, water quality objectives (narrative and numerical) and antidegradation requirements. The EPA is required to review impaired water body lists submitted by each state andapprove or disapprove all or part of the list.For waterbodies on the 303(d) list, the Clean Water Act requires that a pollutant load reduction plan or TMDL bedeveloped to correct each cause of impairment. TMDLs must document the nature of the water quality impairment,determine the maximum amount of a pollutant which can be discharged and still meet standards, and identifyallowable loads from the contributing sources. The elements of a TMDL include a problem statement, description ofthe desired future condition (numeric target), pollutant source analysis, load allocations, description of how allocationsrelate to meeting targets, and margin of safety.CWA Section 305(b) RequirementsThe 1972 amendments to the Clean Water Act also include Section 305(b). The regulations implementing Section305(b) require states to develop an inventory of the water quality of all water bodies in the state and to submit anupdated report to the EPA every two years. This process was established as a means for the EPA and the U. S.Congress to determine the status of the nation's waters.The 305(b) Report also includes: an analysis of the extent to which water bodies comply with the“fishable/swimmable” goal of the CWA; an analysis of the extent to which the elimination of the discharge ofpollutants and a level of water quality achieving the “fishable/swimmable” goal have been or will be attained, withrecommendations of additional actions necessary to achieve this goal; an estimate of a) the environmental impact, b)the economic and social costs, c) the economic and social benefits, and d) the estimated date of such achievement;and finally, a description of the nature and extent of nonpoint sources of pollutants, and recommendations ofprograms needed to control them- including an estimate of the costs of implementing such programs.Integrated Report GuidanceThe US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) issued guidance (USEPA, 2005) for the development of anIntegrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report (Integrated Report) by the States. This guidancerecommends that States integrate their Water Quality Inventory Report (Section 305(b) of the CWA) and theirImpaired Waterbodies List (Section 303(d) of the CWA). The Integrated Report is intended to provide an effectivetool for maintaining high quality waters and improving the quality of waters that do not attain water qualitystandards. The Integrated Report will also provide water resources managers and citizens with detailed informationregarding the following: Delineation of water quality assessment units providing geographic display of assessment results Progress toward achieving comprehensive assessment of all waters Water quality standards attainment status Methods used to assess water quality standards attainment status Additional monitoring needs and schedules Pollutants and watersheds requiring Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) Pollutants and watersheds requiring alternative pollution control measures Management strategies (including TMDLs) under development to attain water quality standards TMDL development schedulesThe Integrated Report will streamline water quality reporting since data sources and assessment methods will

Oklahoma State Department of Health Office of the Secretary of Environment Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality Oklahoma Water Resources Board Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation Terminologies 303(d) 304(l) 305(b) 314 319(h) This section of the Clean Water Act requires e

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