SFMTA Bus Fleet Management Plan

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SFMTA Bus FleetManagement Plan2017-2030March 2017

TABLE OF CONTENTS1.Introduction and Guiding Principles . 4Guiding Principles . 42.Service Overview . 6Bus Route Categories . 6Service Standards. 7Service Policies . 9Current Bus Fleet Overview .123.2.4.1Motor Bus Sub-Fleet .122.4.2Trolley Bus Sub-Fleet .12Maintenance Program .15Maintenance Standards .153.1.1Daily Inspections .15Maintenance Process .163.2.1Preventative Maintenance.163.2.2Corrective Maintenance .173.2.3Documentation and Evaluation of Vehicle Maintenance .183.2.4Vehicle Accessibility Equipment .183.2.5Campaigns/Capital Projects .19Midlife Overhaul Approach .193.3.1Assumptions .193.3.2Midlife Overhaul Schedule .20Fuel .21Vehicle Performance.214.3.5.1Mean Distance Between Failures.213.5.2Preventative Maintenance Compliance .23Ridership Patterns and Future Growth .25Ridership on Muni Buses .25Passenger Profile .264.2.1Ridership by Time of Day .264.2.2Trip Purpose .274.2.3Race and Ethnicity .284.2.1Income .291

4.2.2Access .30Recent Ridership Trends .30Future Ridership Growth .315.4.4.1Development Driving Ridership Growth .344.4.2Estimated Ridership Growth .37Service Expansion Plan .38Equity Strategy Expansion Needs .38Rapid Bus Expansion .395.2.1Rapid Bus Service Expansion .405.2.2Van Ness Improvement Project.415.2.3Geary BRT .42Central Subway Service Adjustments .43Background Growth and Congestion Delay .45Service Plans for Major Development Projects .466.5.5.1Hunters Point Shipyard/Candlestick Point Service Plan .465.5.2Treasure Island Service Plan .485.5.3Parkmerced Service Plan.505.5.4Eastern Neighborhoods, Rincon Hill, and Transbay Center Service Plan.50Peak and Total Vehicle Demands .52Upcoming Fleet Transitions and Construction Support .52Spare Ratio .547.Vehicle Procurement Plan .56Procurements Underway.56Planned Procurements .57Average Fleet Age .578.Summary of Maintenance Facilities.592

Table 1: Summary of Bus Route Categories .6Table 2: Average Maximum and Crowding Loads.8Table 3: Stop Spacing Policy .8Table 4: Summary of Bus Service Standards .8Table 5: Vehicle Types by Bus Fleet Facility .9Table 6: Current Rubber Tire Fleet . 12Table 7: Assumptions and Parameters for Schedule . 20Table 8: Number of Vehicles Being Rebuilt at Any One Time . 21Table 9: Ridership on Major Corridors . 26Table 10: FY16 Daily Ridership Growth on Selected Bus Routes . 31Table 11: Rapid Bus Expansion Plan . 41Table 12: Van Ness BRT Service Plan . 41Table 13: Geary BRT Service Plan . 42Table 14: Central Subway Bus Service Plan . 45Table 15: Candlestick Point/Hunters Point Bus Service Plan Present-2030 . 48Table 16: Treasure Island Bus Service Plan Present-2030. 50Table 17: Parkmerced Bus Service Plan Present-2030 . 50Table 18: Construction Projects 2017-19 . 52Table 19: 40ft to 60ft hybrid bus conversions . 53Table 20: 40ft to 60ft hybrid bus conversions . 54Table 21: Peak Vehicle Demand and Spare Ratios, 2017-2030 . 55Table 22: Summary of Current Procurement . 56Table 23: 40ft, 60ft Hybrid Bus Planned Procurements . 57Table 24: 40ft, 60ft Trolley Bus Planned Procurements . 57Table 25: List of Facilities and Functions . 59Table 26: Divisions and Maintenance Features . 60Figure 1: Mid-Life Overhaul Schedule 2019-2026 . 20Figure 2: MDBF by Vehicle Type, Older Fleet (2000-2007) . 22Figure 3: MDBF by Vehicle Type, Newer Fleet (2013-16). 23Figure 4: 2016 On-Time Preventative Maintenance Inspections . 24Figure 5: System-wide Average Weekday Boardings by Mode . 25Figure 6: System-wide Average Weekday Boardings . 27Figure 7: Trip Purpose . 28Figure 8: Ridership Race/Ethnicity . 28Figure 9: Distribution of Annual Household Income for Bus Riders. 29Figure 10: Access to Transit . 30Figure 11: System-wide Average Weekday Boardings . 31Figure 12: Jobs and Housing Growth by 2040 . 32Figure 13: Projected Walking Times in Treasure Island . 35Figure 14: Jobs and Housing Growth by 2040 in Eastern Neighborhoods, Rincon Hill and Transbay . 36Figure 15: Jobs and Housing Growth by 2020 and 2040 in Selected Neighborhoods . 36Figure 16: Muni Ridership Projections to 2040 . 37Figure 17: Rapid Bus/BRT Expansion Map 2020 . 40Figure 18: Rapid Bus/BRT Expansion Map 2030 . 43Figure 19: Central Subway 2019 Map . 44Figure 20: SFCTA Travel Speed Model . 46Figure 21: Candlestick Point/Hunters Point 2030 Map . 47Figure 22: Treasure Island 2030 Map . 49Figure 23: Eastern Neighborhoods, Rincon Hill, Transbay Center Map DRAFT . 51Figure 24: Changes in 40ft Motor Bus Fleet from 2017 through 2025. 53Figure 25: Average Age of Fleet (2019-2040) . 58Figure 26: Map of Facilities and Divisions . 593

1. Introduction and Guiding PrinciplesThe San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) is the principal multi-modalagency responsible for planning, implementing and operating transportation services in the Cityand County of San Francisco. It is governed by a Board of Directors and is a business unitwithin the City and County of San Francisco. The SFMTA has the primary responsibility for thetransportation system in San Francisco, providing the Agency with the unique ability to plan,design, construct, operate and manage (with key partnership from other agencies) the transit,paratransit, streets, bicycle, pedestrian, parking, traffic, taxi and commercial vehicle systems inSan Francisco.The SFMTA operates the oldest and largest transit system in the San Francisco Bay Area,transporting close to 45 percent of all transit passengers in the region. In addition, it is one ofthe top ten largest transit systems in the nation based on boardings, carrying more than 230million boarding annually. The Agency’s transit fleet is among the most diverse in the world,featuring: Modern light rail vehicles;Renewable diesel and hybrid-electric renewable diesel buses;Electric trolley buses;Historic streetcars;Cable cars, andA range of paratransit services.The SFMTA Bus Fleet Management Plan 2017-30 (FMP) maps out a systematic approach tothe ongoing management and planning for rehabilitation and replacement of the SFMTA’srubber tire fleet, as well as discuss the ridership and service growth anticipated in the City.Guiding PrinciplesSFMTA has implemented many effective rubber tire initiatives over the past several years thathave contributed to ridership growth, our highest ever customer ratings and reduced vehiclebreakdowns. These initiatives range from dramatically reducing the age of the fleet toincreasing service 10 percent to address crowding and changing travel patterns. This FleetManagement Plan builds on these positive trends by laying out a series of guiding principles toinform maintenance practices, service planning and upcoming bus procurements. Average Fleet Age: Establish a consistent average fleet age of 5-8 years and smoothout peaks and valleys for vehicle maintenance. Reliability. Continue to improve service and prioritize reliability when procuring vehicles,maintaining vehicles and designing service enhancements. Performance-Based Procurements: Develop performance based specifications forprocurements that prioritize vehicle safety and reliability and encourage industryinnovation and maintainability through proven design & commonality of replacementparts.4

Maintenance Standards: Continue robust maintenance standards and practicesestablished in 2014 including maintaining or exceeding Original Equipment Manufacturer(OEM) schedules and update based on fleet trends; and institutionalize a midlifeoverhaul program to promote excellent performance throughout the full lifecycle of thevehicle. Sustainability: Support the San Francisco Climate Action Plan and related City policiesby investing in transit service to promote a high transit mode share, as well as continuingto invest in low and zero emission vehicles. Growth: Anticipate and accommodate vehicle expansion and fleet mix needs associatedwith current and future projected ridership growth, as well as major construction projects. 20% Spare Ratio: Continue reducing the spare ratios to 20 percent for large sub-fleetsand 30 percent for sub-fleets with less than 50 vehicles.5

2. Service OverviewThe SFMTA operates the eighth largest transit system in the nation based on boardings,carrying more than 230 million customers annually. As part of its mission, the SFMTA strives toprovide a convenient, reliable, accessible and safe transportation system that meets the needsof all users within the City and County of San Francisco.Bus Route CategoriesThe SFMTA Service Standards for bus routes establish minimum requirements for coverage,policy headways, passenger loads, service span hours, stop spacing and on-time performance.The SFMTA Service Policies for bus routes provide guidelines for vehicle assignment andtransit amenities. These standards and policies are designed to enable San Franciscanresidents, workers and visitors to conveniently travel by transit. Muni includes approximately 70bus routes, which are categorized based on the role they play in the transit network. Muni’sroute categories are described in Table 1.Table 1: Summary of Bus Route CategoriesCategoryDescriptionRoutesRapid BusThese heavily used bus lines include some of thebusiest routes in the Muni network. With wider stopspacing, vehicles arriving frequently and transitpriority enhancements along the routes, the Rapidbus routes delivers speed and reliability whethercustomers are heading across town, or simplytraveling a few blocks.5R, 7R, 9R, 14R, 28R, 38RFrequentLocalThese routes combined with Rapid Bus create theTransit Priority Network. They also include transitpriority enhancements and frequent service but withmore stops along the route than the Rapid bussystem.1, 7, 8, 9, 14, 22, 28, 30, 38,47, 49GridThese citywide routes combine with the TransitPriority Network to form an expansive core grid thatlets customers get to their destinations with no morethan a short walk, or a seamless transfer.Depending on demand, they typically operate lessfrequently than the Rapid and Frequent Localroutes.2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 12, 18, 19, 21,23, 24, 27, 29, 31, 33, 43,44, 45, 48, 54ConnectorThese bus routes are shorter than the Citywide gridroutes and predominantly circulate through SanFrancisco’s hillside residential neighborhoods, fillingin gaps in coverage and connecting customers tomajor transfer hubs, including Muni Metro andBART stations.25, 35, 36, 37, 39, 52, 55,56, 57, 66, 67SpecializedThese routes augment existing service duringspecific times of day to serve a specific need, orserve travel demand related to special events. Theyinclude AM and PM commute service, weekend-onlyservice, and special event trips to serve sportingevents, large festivals and other San Franciscoactivities1AX, 1BX, 7X, 8AX, 8BX,14X, 30X, 31AX, 31BX,38AX, 38BX, 41, 76X, 81X,82X, 83X, 88, NX6

CategoryDescriptionRoutesOwlThese bus routes operate every 30 minutes frommidnight to 6 am, ensuring a basic level of accessacross the City 24 hours per day.5, 14, 22, 24, 25, 38, 44, 48,90, 91, L bus, N busService StandardsSFMTA Service Standards help the Agency design and improve transit service in an everchanging environment. These guidelines ensure transparent, objective decision-making that isaligned with city and regional transportation goals for sustainability, equity and economicgrowth. SFMTA uses these guidelines to make decisions about expanding or reducing service,to evaluate service productivity, and to determine if service revisions are needed because ofchanges in rider demand or route performance. At the centerpiece of SFMTA’s ServiceStandards is the expectation that all residential neighborhoods in San Francisco should bewithin a quarter mile of a transit stop. Additional standards for minimum policy headways,maximum loads, crowding, stop spacing, service span and on-time performance are detailed inTable 4. As discussed above, the Service Standards for policy headway, service span and ontime performance are specific to the route category. The service standards for maximum loadand crowding per bus are based on the size of the vehicle.Average maximum load and crowding per bus were updated as part of the development of thisdocument and have also been incorporated into the SFMTA’s 2017 Short Range Transit Plan.These guidelines reflect the typical seating configuration of the new buses plus square footageavailable for standees. The guidelines reflect the shift to new low-floor vehicles, as we arecurrently in the process of replacing the entire fleet. Additionally, these guidelines wereupdated to better align with industry standards, which typically restrict standees to 1.0 to 1.6times the seated loads. SFMTA’s standee to seat ratio ranges from 1.4 to 1.6, which takes intoconsideration that San Francisco is a dense urban area with relatively short trip lengths and alldoor boarding. Our vehicle layouts are designed to prioritize passenger flows and standingspace, in addition to access needs for people with disabilities. Below is a summary of SFMTA’supdated load standards. These guidelines were also informed by the Transit Capacity andQuality of Service Manual.Two distinct guidelines were developed for passenger loads. The first is average maximumload, which is used to schedule service and evaluates how many people pass through the mostcrowded point of the route over a 30 or 60 minute interval divided by the number of scheduledbuses. For this analysis, SFMTA assumed 4.5 square feet per standee to determine the totalseated and standing capacity of each vehicle. The second metric evaluates crowding per busand assumes 3.0 square feet per standee, which the Transit Capacity Manual considers torepresent when most customers would consider a bus to be full. 1 SFMTA typically measurescrowding as the percent of trips that bus loads exceed the crowding metric.1SFMTA considers a vehicle to be at crush load when the space per customer is 1.5 square feet per passenger(APTA Standard Bus Procurement Guidelines, “Gross Load” definition, pg. 5)7

Table 2: Average Maximum and Crowding LoadsMaximum load (total seated andstanding passengers)% of standees to seatsCrowding per bus (total seatedand standing passengers)% of standees to seats32ft bus40ft bus60ft bus334469140%38145%51155%81160%165%185%Table 3: Stop Spacing PolicyStop PositionMidblockNearsideFarsideFarside (afterright turn)40ft Bus12010080140Type of Vehicle and Appropriate Zone Length2x40ft Bus60ft Bus2x60ft Bus185140205145120185125100165145160230Table 4: Summary of Bus Service StandardsStandard TypeStandardCoverageAll residential neighborhoods in San Francisco should be within a quarter of amile of a Muni bus stop or rail line stop.The minimum weekday and weekend headways for transit serviceestablished by Muni route type. Note: frequencies of individual routes may behigher based on demand.WeekdayPolicy HeadwaysRoute 0Evening152030Based on demandLate Night2030--WeekendRoute TypeDayRapid/Frequent12Grid20Connector30*Based on demand, frequencies may be higher8Evening152030Late Night2030--

Standard TypeAverage MaximumLoad and Crowdingper BusStandardAverage maximum load – Muni service should be planned to operate suchthat the peak hour, peak direction load factor does not exceed the AverageMaximum Loads listed below (established by vehicle type)Crowding per bus – Measured as the percentage of buses where passengervolumes exceed the crowding loads listed below.AverageCrowdingVehicle TypeMaximum Loadper bus32ft bus333840ft bus445160ft bus6981Minimum number of hours that service is available.Service SpanRoute TypeRapid/FrequentGridConnectorSpecializedRoute TypeService Span Standard18 hours18 hoursBased on demandBased on demandDefinitionOTP StandardRapid/FrequentOn-Time Performance(OTP)GridConnectorSpecializedOwl% of trips with aservice gap of fiveminutes above thescheduled headwayLess than 14% of tripswith a service gap% of timepointsserved within oneminute early to fourminutes late of thescheduled time85% on-time (scheduleadherence)Service PoliciesSFMTA’s Service Policies for vehicle assignment and transit amenities are designed to ensureequitable distribution of resources. Vehicle assignment refers to the process by which transitvehicles are placed into service throughout the SFMTA’s system. The SFMTA has one of thelargest zero emissions fleets in the country, as well as a growing hybrid bus fleet. Additionally,all motor buses use renewable diesel.The SFMTA has five bus facilities described in Table 5.Table 5: Vehicle Types by Bus Fleet FacilityFleet FacilityFlynn/Islais CreekDivisionKirkland DivisionPotrero DivisionPresidio DivisionWoods DivisionVehicle Type(s)60-foot Motor Coaches30 & 40-foot Motor Coaches40-foot/60-foot Trolley Coaches40-foot Trolley Coaches30-foot/40-foot Motor Coaches9

The SFMTA policy is to assign vehicles in a manner that prevents discrimination to minorityand low-income communities and considers technical criteria including peak load factors, routetype, physical route characteristics such as street widths and grades, required headways,vehicle availability and transit operator availability. Smaller 32ft motor buses are typicallyassigned to connector routes that serve neighborhoods with steep grades, tighter turning radiiand narrower clearances, as well as lighter passenger loads. The largest buses (60ftarticulated motor and trolley buses) are typically assigned to routes serving major corridorscarrying high passenger loads. SFMTA’s 40ft hybrid vehicles are deployed throughout the Cityfrom the Woods Division, which has a high concentration of routes that travel through minorityand low income census tracts. As additional vehicles arrive, hybrids are also being used out ofKirkland Division.The SFMTA has both articulated motor coaches and trolley coaches available for service andhas established the following evaluation criteria for determining whether articulated coachesshould be assigned to a route: Articulated coaches will be deployed on routes if they can meet demand at equal orlower operating costs as compared to standard coaches;Articulated coaches will be considered for routes that experience consistentovercrowding.Transit AmenitiesTransit amenities refer to items of comfort and convenience available to the general ridingpublic. To the extent location and distribution of a particular transit amenity is within the controlof the SFMTA, it is agency policy that amenities are distributed throughout the transit system sothat all customers have equal access to these amenities, without regard to race, color, nationalorigin or income status. SFMTA applies neutral standards such as boarding activity,geographical limitations, etc. in deciding the location of transit amenities and applies thesestandards to both rail and bus routes. The primary types of stop amenities currently providedinclude basic informational amenities (generally signs or painted markings indicating thelocation of stops and providing information about lines serving stops) and amenities thatenhance the waiting environment (such as transit shelters, real-time vehicle arrival informationdisplays and expanded boarding or seating areas). SFMTA does not provide public restrooms,timetables at transit stops or park-and-ride facilities.Below is a description of amenities and the SFMTA’s standards for distributing said amenitiessystem-wide. Stop Markings and Flags: There are nearly 3,500 transit stops in the Muni servicearea. Every Muni transit stop should have a marking or sign indicating the route(s) thatserve the stop. Stops may be marked by one or more of the following: painted on-streetbus zones; painted red curbs along sidewalk bulb-outs; painted markings on streetpoles; painted markings o

The SFMTA operates the oldest and largest transit system in the San Francisco Bay Area, transporting clo

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