SHOULD THIS DOG BE CALLED SPOT?

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SHOULD THIS DOG BE CALLED SPOT?Imagine this microscopic drama. A sperm cell from a male dog fuses with an egg cell from a female dog. Eachdog’s gamete carries 39 chromosomes. The zygote that results from the fusion of the gametes contains 78chromosomes – one set of 39 chromosomes from each parent. One pair of the zygote’s chromosomes is shownbelow.Chromosome from the female dogLTAhChromosome from the male doglTHaEach chromosome of the homologous pair contains alleles for the same traits. But one chromosome may have adominant allele and the other may have a recessive allele. Use the drawing above and the table below to answerthe questions.TRAITHair lengthHair TextureHair CurlinessCoat PatternDominant GeneShort (L)Wiry (T)Curly (H)Spotted (A)Recessive GeneLong ( l )Silky ( l )Straight ( h )Solid ( a )Will the new puppy have a spotted coat? yes Explain why or why not:1.The puppy inherited the dominant allele for spots from its father.2. Does the female dog (mother) have a spotted coat? not enough info Explain how you know this:She could have a dominant allele on her other chromosome, which is information we don’t have.3. Does the male dog (dad) have a spotted coat? yes Explain how you know this:The male has at least one dominant allele that he gave to the puppy so we know that the male is spotted.Page 5

4.What will be the texture of the puppy’s coat? wiry5.Will the texture of the puppy’s coat resemble that of either of its parents? yesExplain how you know this: The wiry allele is dominant, and both parents have the dominant allele,which gives them wiry fur6.Will the puppy have curly hair or straight hair? Curly7.a. Does the female dog have curly hair? Unknownb. Does the male dog have curly hair? Yes8.a. Define the term heterozygous: Two different allelesb. For which traits is the puppy heterozygous? Hair Length, Hair Curliness, Hair Pattern9.a. Define the term homozygous Two identical allelesb. For which traits is the puppy homozygous? Hair Texture10. Explain why you cannot completely describe the puppy’s parents even though you can accurately describethe puppy. We only have half of the parents’ genetic information so we cannot know the phenotype of theparents but we do have the complete genotype of the puppy from the parents and can know phenotypefrom thatPage 6

WHEN IN DOUBT PUNNETT!!BIOLOGY 1In rabbits, the gene for black (B) fur is dominant over the gene for white fur (b). Write the genotype and phenotypefor the following us DominantBBBlackHomozygous RecessiveBbWhite1.The pair of letters that represent the genes of an organism is called the genotype .2.The description of the trait by gene expression (such as black fur or white fur) is called the phenotype .3. A capital letter (B) represents the gene as dominant .4. A lower case letter (b) represents the gene as recessive ays comments on how adorableher nose is (he says it reminds him of his mother’s – awwww isn’t that sweet?) They wonder what thechances are that their children would have a stubby nose like Betty. Tommy is a purebred squarepantsbut is a hybrid for a long nose.9.What is the genotype of Aunt Betty and Tommy? aall x AALlAunt Betty roundpants, stubby nosealalalAaLlAaLlAaLlALTommy Purebred Squarepants, long nosealAaLlGenotype ratio: 50% AaLl, 50% llAlPhenotype ratio: 50% Squarepants, Long nose50%Squarepants stubby noseALAlPage 13

Using the dihybrid cross to the right, answer the following questions:1. What is the cross for this dihybrid?AaBb x AaBb2. What are the chances of offspring being heterozygousfor both traits? 4:163. What are the chances of offspring being homozygousfor long tails? 4:164. What are the chances of the offspring beinghomozygous for being submissive anddefeated? 4:165. What are the chances of the offspring being withouttails? 4:166. What is the genotypic ratio of this :2aaBb:1aabb7. What is the phenotypic ratio of this dihybrid?8AgLt:3AgTl:3SLt:1STlUsing the diagram to the right, answer the followingquestions:1. What 2 traits do you think are being crossed?Fur color; Tail length2. What is the genotypic ratio illustrated in this dihybridcross?3. What is the phenotypic ratio illustrated in this dihybidcross?Page 14

PRACTICE WORKSHEET FOR OTHER PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE:SEX-LINKED PUNNETT SQUARES:CROSS: A man with normal vision marries and has children with a woman who is a carrier ofthe colorblindness allele. What percentage of their offspring would be colorblind?CROSS: XGenotype %:Phenotype %:CROSS: A normal blooded male marries and has children with a woman who is a carrier of thehemophilia allele. What percentage of their offspring will have hemophilia?CROSS: xGenotype %:Phenotype %:CROSS: A colorblind male marries and has children with a woman who is a carrier of thecolorblind allele. What percentage of their offspring will be carriers?CROSS: xGenotype %:Phenotype %:Page 17

INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE PUNNETT SQUARES:CROSS: In Andalusian fowls, Black individuals (B) and White individuals (W) are homozygous.Fill in the blanks below and do the punnett square. Be sure to show all of your work.A homozygous black bird is crossed with a homozygous white bird. The offspring produced are bluish-gray.Genotypes:Black bird White bird Offspring CROSS: What results if a black fowl is crossed with a bluish-gray fowl? Show all your work.Cross: xGenotype %:Phenotype %:SpongeBob and his pal Patrick love to go jellyfishing at Jellyfish Field. The fields are home to a specialtype of green jellyfish known as Goobers and only really great fishermen are lucky enough to catch someon every trip. Many of the jellyfish are yellow (YY) or Blue (BB) but some end up green.What would happen if SpongeBob and Patrick crossed two Goobers?Cross: xWhat % offspring would be yellow?What % offspring would be blue?What % offspring would be Goobers?CO-DOMINANCE PUNNETT SQUARES:Brad Pitt is homozygous Type B blood while Angelina Jolie is Type o blood. What are the possiblegenotype and phenotype % of their offspring?Cross: xGenotype %:Phenotype %:Page 18

SELF QUIZ1.Which of the following accurately identifies all the possible combinations of genes in theoffspring of two parents who are heterozygous for the gene with a dominant form (R) and arecessive form (r).A.B.C.D.2.The process of DNA fingerprinting allows scientists to study organisms by doing which of thefollowing?A.B.C.D.3.Ty, tyTY, tyTY, Ty, tyTy, ty, tY, TYWhich statement below best describes genetic modification?A.B.C.D.6It produces haploid gametes, with half the number of chromosomes.It creates organisms with better adaptability to the environment.It allows all types of cells to produce two sets of identical chromosomes.It produces up to eight haploid cells, each with 46 chromosomes.If a corn plant has a genotype of Ttyy, what are the possible genetic combinations that couldresult in a single grain of pollen from this plant?A.B.C.D.5.Analyzing DNA left behind in the oily residue of fingerprintsMaking images of sequences of DNA from individual organismsBreaking open an individual's cells to release the DNA fragmentsMatching of base sequences in the DNA sample with that of finger cellsWhich statement best describes the significance of meiosis to sexual reproduction?A.B.C.D.4.rr onlyRR onlyRr and rr onlyRR, Rr, and rr onlyIt is a method of identifying proteins of particular DNA sequences.It is the replacement of a set of chromosomes of an individual with another.It is a technique used to compare DNA sequences of one individual to another.It is the insertion of a gene from one organism into a host genome.In fruit flies, the gene for eye color is located on the X chromosome, and the red eye allele (R) isdominant over the white eye allele (r). A female fly with genotype XRXr is mated with a male flywith genotype XrY. Which statement below best describes the expected outcome of this cross?A.B.C.D.XrY 0%XRY 25%XrXr 50%XRXR 100%Page 25

7.In certain rose plants, white roses (W) and red roses (R) are incompletely dominant to oneanother. When a red rose is crossed with a white rose, a pink rose(RW) will result. What is theprobability of producing more pink roses from two pink parents?A.B.C.D.8.The gene for tallness (T) in a pea plant is dominant over the gene for shortness (t). The Punnettsquare below shows the cross between two tall pea plants (Tt). What is the phenotypic ratio ofthe offspring produced as a result of the cross?A.B.C.D.9.DNA fingerprintingGel electrophoresisKaryotypingGenetic modificationDuring meiosis, genetic recombination results because –A.B.C.D.11.1:2:19:3:3:13:12:1Nondisjunction is an error that occurs during meiosis when a gamete does not receive a copy ofone chromosome. Which technique can be used to reveal this abnormality?A.B.C.D.10.0%25%50%100%chromosomes assort independently, and crossing-over occursgenes from different species can freely mix togethergene mutations occur more frequently than at other timescells divide only once, resulting in genetically identical cellsWhat is the probability that a yellow (Y) and wrinkled pea (r) will appear from a cross ofYyrr x YyRr?A.B.C.D.3/81/23/47/8Page 26

10. Explain why you cannot completely describe the puppy’s parents even though you can accurately describe the puppy. _ We only have half of the parents’ genetic information so we cannot know the phenotype of the parents but we do have the complete genotype of the puppy from the parents and can know phenotype from that Page 6File Size: 695KB

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