EIGRP Serial Configuration I Skill Builder Lab
In addition to the wealth of updated content, this new edition includes a series of freehands-on exercises to help you master several real-world configuration and troubleshooting activities. These exercises can be performed on the CCNA ICND2 200-101Network Simulator Lite software included for free on the DVD that accompanies thisbook. This software, which simulates the experience of working on actual Ciscorouters and switches, contains the following 13 free lab exercises:1. EIGRP Serial Configuration I Skill Builder Lab2. EIGRP Serial Configuration II Skill Builder Lab3. EIGRP Serial Configuration III Skill Builder Lab4. EIGRP Frame Relay Configuration I Skill Builder Lab5. EIGRP Frame Relay Configuration II Skill Builder Lab6. EIGRP Route Tuning I Skill Builder Lab7. EIGRP Route Tuning II Skill Builder Lab8. EIGRP Neighbors II Skill Builder Lab9. EIGRP Neighbors III Skill Builder Lab10. EIGRP Configuration I Configuration Scenario11. EIGRP Configuration II Configuration Scenario12. EIGRP Metric Manipulation Configuration Scenario13. Path Troubleshooting IV Troubleshooting ScenarioIf you are interested in exploring more hands-on labs and practicing configuration andtroubleshooting with more router and switch commands, check out our full simulatorproduct offerings at ator.CCNA ICND2 200-101 Network Simulator Lite minimum system requirements:nnnnnnMicrosoft Windows XP (SP3), Windows Vista (32-bit/64-bit) with SP1, Windows 7(32-bit/64-bit) or Windows 8 (32-bit/64-bit, x86 processors), Mac OS X 10.6, 10.7,or 10.8Intel Pentium III 1GHz or faster processor512 MB RAM (1GB recommended)1 GB hard disk space32-bit color depth at 1024x768 resolutionAdobe Acrobat Reader version 8 and aboveOther applications installed during installation:nnAdobe AIR 3.6.0Captive JRE 6Cisco CCNA Routing and Switching ICND2 200-101 Official Cert Guide, AcademicEdition is part of a recommended learning path from Cisco that includes simulation andhands-on training from authorized Cisco Learning Partners and self-study productsfrom Cisco Press. To find out more about instructor-led training, e-learning, and hands-oninstruction offered by authorized Cisco Learning Partners worldwide, please visitwww.cisco.com/go/authorizedtraining.
CiscoCCNARouting and SwitchingICND2 200-101Official Cert GuideAcademic EditionWENDELL ODOM, CCIE No. 1624Cisco Press800 East 96th StreetIndianapolis, IN 46240
iiCisco CCNA Routing and Switching ICND2 200-101 Official Cert Guide, Academic EditionCisco CCNA Routing and Switching ICND2 200-101Official Cert Guide, Academic EditionWendell Odom, CCIE No. 1624Copyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.Published by:Cisco Press800 East 96th StreetIndianapolis, IN 46240 USAAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system,without written permission from the publisher, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review.Printed in the United States of AmericaSecond Printing: October 2013Library of Congress Control Number: 2013939885ISBN-13: 978-1-58714-488-2ISBN-10: 1-58714-488-3Warning and DisclaimerThis book provides information about the Cisco 200-101 ICND2 and 200-120 CCNA exams. Every effort hasbeen made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied.The information is provided on an “as is” basis. The authors, Cisco Press, and Cisco Systems, Inc. shall haveneither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from theinformation contained in this book or from the use of the discs or programs that may accompany it.The opinions expressed in this book belong to the author and are not necessarily those of Cisco Systems, Inc.Trademark AcknowledgmentsAll terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriatelycapitalized. Cisco Press or Cisco Systems, Inc., cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a termin this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.
iiiCorporate and Government SalesThe publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or specialsales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests.For more information, please contact:U.S. Corporate and Government or sales outside the United States, please contact:International Salesinternational@pearsoned.comFeedback InformationAt Cisco Press, our goal is to create in-depth technical books of the highest quality and value. Each book iscrafted with care and precision, undergoing rigorous development that involves the unique expertise of membersfrom the professional technical community.Readers’ feedback is a natural continuation of this process. If you have any comments regarding how we couldimprove the quality of this book, or otherwise alter it to better suit your needs, you can contact us throughemail at feedback@ciscopress.com. Please make sure to include the book title and ISBN in your message.We greatly appreciate your assistance.Publisher: Paul BogerCopy Editor: Keith ClineAssociate Publisher: Dave DusthimerTechnical Editor: Elan BeerBusiness Operation Manager, Cisco Press:Jan CornelssenEditorial Assistant: Vanessa EvansExecutive Editor: Brett BartowManaging Editor: Sandra SchroederDevelopment Editor: Andrew CuppSenior Project Editor: Tonya SimpsonCover Designer: Mark ShirarIllustrator: Michael TanamachiComposition: Bronkella PublishingIndexer: Erika MillenProofreader: Sarah Kearns
ivCisco CCNA Routing and Switching ICND2 200-101 Official Cert Guide, Academic EditionAbout the AuthorWendell Odom, CCIE No. 1624, has been in the networking industry since 1981. He hasworked as a network engineer, consultant, systems engineer, instructor, and course developer;he currently works writing and creating certification tools. He is the author of all the previousbooks in the Cisco Press CCNA Official Certification Guide series, as well as author of theCCNP ROUTE 642-902 Official Certification Guide, the QoS 642-642 Exam CertificationGuide, and co-author of the CCIE Routing and Switch Official Certification Guide andseveral other titles. He is also a consultant for the CCNA 640-802 Network Simulator fromPearson and for a forthcoming replacement version of that product. He maintains study tools,links to his blogs, and other resources at http://www.certskills.com.About the Contributing AuthorAnthony Sequeira, CCIE No. 15626, is a Cisco Certified Systems Instructor (CCSI) and authorregarding all levels and tracks of Cisco certification. Anthony formally began his career in theinformation technology industry in 1994 with IBM in Tampa, Florida. He quickly formed hisown computer consultancy, Computer Solutions, and then discovered his true passion: teachingand writing about Microsoft and Cisco technologies. Anthony joined Mastering Computers in1996 and lectured to massive audiences around the world about the latest in computer technologies. Mastering Computers became the revolutionary online training company KnowledgeNet,and Anthony trained there for many years. Anthony is currently pursuing his second CCIEin the area of Security and is a full-time instructor for the next generation of KnowledgeNet,StormWind Live. Anthony is also a VMware Certified Professional.
vAbout the Technical ReviewerElan Beer, CCIE No. 1837, is a senior consultant and Cisco instructor specializing in data center architecture and multiprotocol network design. For the past 25 years, Elan has designednetworks and trained thousands of industry experts in data center architecture, routing, andswitching. Elan has been instrumental in large-scale professional service efforts designing andtroubleshooting internetworks, performing data center and network audits, and assisting clientswith their short- and long-term design objectives. Elan has a global perspective of networkarchitectures via his international clientele. Elan has used his expertise to design and troubleshoot data centers and internetworks in Malaysia, North America, Europe, Australia, Africa,China, and the Middle East. Most recently, Elan has been focused on data center design,configuration, and troubleshooting as well as service provider technologies. In 1993, Elanwas among the first to obtain Cisco’s Certified System Instructor (CCSI) certification, and in1996, he was among the first to attain Cisco System’s highest technical certification, the CiscoCertified Internetworking Expert. Since then, Elan has been involved in numerous large-scaledata center and telecommunications networking projects worldwide.
viCisco CCNA Routing and Switching ICND2 200-101 Official Cert Guide, Academic EditionDedicationIn memory of Carcel Lanier (C.L.) Odom: Dad’s Pop, Poppa, wearing khakis, quiet, tearingdown the old house (one board at a time), tagging along at the cow sales barn, walking theproperty, and napping during the Sunday morning sermon.
viiAcknowledgmentsAlthough published as a first edition for various reasons, this book (and the companion CiscoCCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-101 Exam Cert Guide, Academic Edition) represents the seventh book in a long line of Cisco Press books focused on helping people pass the CCENT andCCNA R/S certifications. Given the long history, many people have worked on these booksfrom their inception back in 1998. To those many people who have touched these books overthese past 15 years—technical edits, development, copy edits, project editing, proofing, indexing, managing the production process, interior design, cover design, marketing, and all the otherdetails that happen to get these books out the door—thanks so much for playing a role in thisCCENT/CCNA franchise.Many of the contributors to the previous editions returned to work on creating these new editions, including Development Editor Drew Cupp. Drew kept all the details straight, with myfrequent changes to the outlines and titles, keeping the sequencing on track, while still doing hisprimary job: keeping the text and features clear and consistent throughout the book. Thanks,Drew, for walking me through the development.Contributing author Anthony Sequeira did a nice job stepping in on the network managementpart of the book. Anthony was a perfect fit, given his interest in management protocols andtools, and his writing experience and his great teaching skills (with enthusiasm!). Thanks forhelping make this book complete and doing such a great job.As for technical editors, Elan Beer did his normal job. That is, he did his usual amazing job ofdoing every part of the technical edit job well, from finding the tiny little cross-reference errorsthat lie pages apart, to anticipating how readers might misunderstand certain phrasing, to beingall over the details of every technical feature. Fantastic job as usual; thanks, Elan.Brett Bartow again served as executive editor of the book, as he has almost since the beginning of these titles. When my family has asked me over the years about Brett’s role withthese books, the best single word definition is teammate. Brett may be employed at PearsonEducation, but he is always working with me and for me, watching out for the business end ofthe books and finding ways to make the publisher/author relationship work seamlessly. Thanksfor another great ride through these books, Brett!Word docs go in, and out come these beautiful finished products. Thanks to Sandra Schroeder,Tonya Simpson, and all the production team for working through the magic that takes thoseWord docs and makes the beautiful finished product. From fixing all my grammar, crummyword choices, passive-voice sentences, and then pulling the design and layout together, theydo it all. Thanks for putting it all together and making it look easy. And Tonya, managing thedetails through several process steps for roughly 100 elements between the pair of CCNAbooks in a short timeframe: Wow, thanks for the amazing juggling act! And thanks especiallyfor the attention to detail.The figures for these books go through a little different process than they do for other books.Together we invested a large amount of labor in updating the figures for these books, both forthe design, the number of figures, and for the color versions of the figures for the electronicversions of the books. A special thanks goes out to Laura Robbins for working with me on thecolor and design standards early in the process. Also, thanks to Mike Tanamachi for drawing allthe figures so well (and then redrawing them every time I changed my mind about something).Thanks to Chris Burns of CertSkills for all the work on the mind maps, both those used in thefinal product and those used to build the book, as well as for being a bit of a test case for someof the chapters.
viiiCisco CCNA Routing and Switching ICND2 200-101 Official Cert Guide, Academic EditionA special thank you to you readers who write in with suggestions, possible errors, and especially those of you who post online at the Cisco Learning Network. Without question, the comments I receive directly and overhear by participating at CLN made this edition a better book.Thanks to my wife, Kris. Book schedules have a bigger impact than I would like, but you alwaysmake it work. Thanks to my daughter, Hannah, for all the great study/work breaks on some ofthese busy schooldays. And thanks to Jesus Christ, for this opportunity to write.
ixContents at a GlanceIntroduction xxviGetting Started 3Part I: LAN Switching9Chapter 1:Spanning Tree Protocol ConceptsChapter 2:Spanning Tree Protocol ImplementationChapter 3:Troubleshooting LAN SwitchingPart I Review103664104Part II: IP Version 4 Routing109Chapter 4:Troubleshooting IPv4 Routing Part I110Chapter 5:Troubleshooting IPv4 Routing Part II132Chapter 6:Creating Redundant First-Hop RoutersChapter 7:Virtual Private Networks156176Part II Review 194Part III: IP Version 4 Routing Protocols199Chapter 8:Implementing OSPF for IPv4Chapter 9:Understanding EIGRP ConceptsChapter 10:Implementing EIGRP for IPv4Chapter 11:Troubleshooting IPv4 Routing ProtocolsPart III ReviewPart IV: Wide Area Networks200230252304309Chapter 12:Implementing Point-to-Point WANsChapter 13:Understanding Frame Relay ConceptsChapter 14:Implementing Frame RelayChapter 15:Identifying Other Types of WANsPart IV ReviewPart V: IP Version 6310352386404409Chapter 16:Troubleshooting IPv6 RoutingChapter 17:Implementing OSPF for IPv6434Chapter 18:Implementing EIGRP for IPv6460Part V Review278480410336
xCisco CCNA Routing and Switching ICND2 200-101 Official Cert Guide, Academic EditionPart VI: Network Management485Chapter 19:Managing Network DevicesChapter 20:Managing IOS FilesChapter 21:Managing IOS LicensingPart VI ReviewPart VII: Final ReviewChapter 22:504526542545Final ReviewPart VIII: Appendixes546561Appendix A: Numeric Reference TablesAppendix B:486ICND2 Exam Updates563571Glossary 572Index 592DVD AppendixesAppendix CAnswers to the Review QuestionsAppendix DMemory TablesAppendix EMemory Tables Answer KeyAppendix FMind Map SolutionsAppendix GStudy Planner
xiContentsIntroductionxxviGetting StartedPart I: LAN SwitchingChapter 139Spanning Tree Protocol ConceptsFoundation Topics1011LAN Switching Review11LAN Switch Forwarding LogicSwitch Verification1112Viewing the MAC Address Table12Determining the VLAN of a FrameVerifying Trunks1315Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1D)The Need for Spanning Tree1516What IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree DoesHow Spanning Tree WorksThe STP Bridge ID and Hello BPDUElecting the Root Switch18192021Choosing Each Switch’s Root Port23Choosing the Designated Port on Each LAN SegmentInfluencing and Changing the STP Topology2425Making Configuration Changes to Influence the STP TopologyReacting to State Changes That Affect the STP TopologyHow Switches React to Changes with STPChanging Interface States with STPOptional STP FeaturesEtherChannelPortFast262628292930BPDU Guard30Rapid STP (IEEE 802.1w)31Review Activities 32Chapter 2Spanning Tree Protocol ImplementationFoundation Topics3637STP Configuration and VerificationSetting the STP Mode3737Connecting STP Concepts to STP Configuration OptionsPer-VLAN Configuration Settings38The Bridge ID and System ID Extension 393825
xiiCisco CCNA Routing and Switching ICND2 200-101 Official Cert Guide, Academic EditionPer-VLAN Port Costs40STP Configuration Option SummaryVerifying STP Operation4040Configuring STP Port Costs43Configuring Priority to Influence the Root ElectionConfiguring PortFast and BPDU GuardConfiguring EtherChannel4647Configuring a Manual EtherChannelConfiguring Dynamic EtherChannelsSTP Troubleshooting45485050Determining the Root Switch51Determining the Root Port on Nonroot Switches52STP Tiebreakers When Choosing the Root Port53Suggestions for Attacking Root Port Problems on the ExamDetermining the Designated Port on Each LAN Segment5454Suggestions for Attacking Designated Port Problems on the ExamSTP Convergence56Troubleshooting EtherChannel56Incorrect Options on the channel-group Command57Configuration Checks Before Adding Interfaces to EtherChannelsReview Activities 60Chapter 3Troubleshooting LAN SwitchingFoundation Topics6465Generalized Troubleshooting Methodologies65Analyzing and Predicting Normal Network OperationData Plane Analysis6566Control Plane Analysis67Predicting Normal Operations: Summary of the ProcessProblem Isolation556868Root Cause Analysis69Real World Versus the Exams70Troubleshooting the LAN Switching Data Plane70An Overview of the Normal LAN Switch Forwarding ProcessStep 1: Confirm the Network Diagrams Using CDPStep 2: Isolate Interface Problems717273Interface Status Codes and Reasons for Nonworking StatesThe notconnect State and Cabling Pinouts75Determining Switch Interface Speed and DuplexIssues Related to Speed and Duplex7677Step 3: Isolate Filtering and Port Security Problems797458
xiiiStep 4: Isolate VLAN and Trunking Problems82Ensuring That the Right Access Interfaces Are in the Right VLANsAccess VLANs Not Being Defined or Not Being ActiveIdentify Trunks and VLANs Forwarded on Those TrunksTroubleshooting Examples and Exercises8486Troubleshooting Example 1: Find Existing LAN Data Plane ProblemsStep 1: Verify the Accuracy of the Diagram Using CDPStep 2: Check for Interface Problems8788Step 3: Check for Port Security Problems90Step 4: Check for VLAN and VLAN Trunk Problems91Troubleshooting Example 2: Predicting LAN Data Plane BehaviorPC1 ARP Request (Broadcast)R1 ARP Reply (Unicast)949598Review Activities 102Part I Review104Part II: IP Version 4 RoutingChapter 4109Troubleshooting IPv4 Routing Part IFoundation Topics110111Predicting Normal IPv4 Routing BehaviorHost IPv4 Routing Logic111111Routing Logic Used by IPv4 Routers112IP Routing Logic on a Single RouterIP Routing from Host to Host112113Building New Data Link Headers Using ARP InformationProblem Isolation Using the ping CommandPing Command Basics115Testing Longer Routes from Near the Source of the ProblemUsing Extended Ping to Test the Reverse Route119Testing LAN Neighbors with Standard Ping121Testing LAN Neighbors with Extended Ping122Testing WAN Neighbors with Standard Ping122Using Ping with Names and with IP Addresses123Problem Isolation Using the traceroute Command124124How the traceroute Command WorksStandard and Extended traceroute125126Using traceroute to Isolate the Problem to Two RoutersReview Activities 130114115Strategies and Results When Testing with the ping Commandtraceroute Basics838312711611786
xivCisco CCNA Routing and Switching ICND2 200-101 Official Cert Guide, Academic EditionChapter 5Troubleshooting IPv4 Routing Part IIFoundation Topics132133Problems Between the Host and the Default Router133Root Causes Based on a Host’s IPv4 Settings 133Ensure IPv4 Settings Correctly Match 133Mismatched Masks Impact Route to Reach Subnet 134Typical Root Causes of DNS Problems136Wrong Default Router IP Address Setting 137Root Causes Based on the Default Router’s Configuration137Mismatched VLAN Trunking Configuration with Router on a StickDHCP Relay Issues140Router LAN Interface and LAN Issues141Problems with Routing Packets Between Routers143IP Forwarding by Matching the Most Specific Route143Using show ip route and Subnet Math to Find the Best RouteUsing show ip route address to Find the Best Routeshow ip route Reference145Routing Problems Caused by Incorrect Addressing PlansRecognizing When VLSM Is Used or NotOverlaps When Not Using VLSMOverlaps When Using VLSM147147148Configuring Overlapping VLSM SubnetsRouter WAN Interface Status149150Filtering Packets with Access Lists151Review Activities 153Chapter 6Creating Redundant First-Hop RoutersFoundation TopicsFHRP Concepts156157157The Need for Redundancy in Networks157The Need for a First Hop Redundancy Protocol159The Three Solutions for First-Hop Redundancy160HSRP Concepts160HSRP Failover161HSRP Load BalancingGLBP Concepts162163FHRP Configuration and Verification164Configuring and Verifying HSRP164Configuring and Verifying GLBP167Review Activities 170145146144138
xvChapter 7Virtual Private NetworksFoundation Topics177VPN FundamentalsIPsec VPNs176177179SSL VPNs 181GRE Tunnels181GRE Tunnel Concepts182Routing over GRE Tunnels182GRE Tunnels over the Unsecured NetworkConfiguring GRE TunnelsVerifying a GRE Tunnel183185187Review Activities 190Part II Review194Part III: IP Version 4 Routing ProtocolsChapter 8199Implementing OSPF for IPv4Foundation Topics200201OSPF Protocols and OperationOSPF Overview201201Becoming Neighbors and Exchanging the LSDBAgreeing to Become Neighbors202Fully Exchanging LSAs with NeighborsMaintaining Neighbors and the LSDB203204Using Designated Routers on Ethernet LinksScaling OSPF Using AreasOSPF Areas202205206207How Areas Reduce SPF Calculation TimeOSPF Area Design AdvantagesLink-State Advertisements208209209Router LSAs Build Most of the Intra-Area TopologyNetwork LSAs Complete the Intra-Area TopologyLSAs in a Multi-Area Design211212Calculating the Best Routes with SPFAdministrative Distance210214215OSPF Configuration and VerificationOSPFv2 Configuration Overview216216Multi-Area OSPFv2 Configuration ExampleSingle-Area ConfigurationsMulti-Area Configuration217218219Verifying the Multi-Area Configuration220Verifying the Correct Areas on Each Interface on an ABRVerifying Which Router Is DR and BDR221221
xviCisco CCNA Routing and Switching ICND2 200-101 Official Cert Guide, Academic EditionVerifying the Number and Type of LSAsVerifying OSPF RoutesOSPF Metrics (Cost)222223223Setting the Cost Based on Interface BandwidthThe Need for a Higher Reference BandwidthOSPF Load Balancing224225225Review Activities 226Chapter 9Understanding EIGRP Concepts 230Foundation Topics231EIGRP and Distance Vector Routing ProtocolsIntroduction to EIGRP231231Basic Distance Vector Routing Protocol FeaturesThe Concept of a Distance and a VectorFull Update Messages and Split HorizonRoute Poisoning233233234236EIGRP as an Advanced DV Protocol237EIGRP Sends Partial Update Messages, As Needed237EIGRP Maintains Neighbor Status Using Hello237Summary of Interior Routing Protocol Features238EIGRP Concepts and OperationEIGRP Neighbors239239Exchanging EIGRP Topology Information240Calculating the Best Routes for the Routing TableThe EIGRP Metric Calculation241An Example of Calculated EIGRP MetricsCaveats with Bandwidth on Serial LinksEIGRP Convergence241242243244Feasible Distance and Reported Distance244EIGRP Successors and Feasible SuccessorsThe Query and Reply Process245246Review Activities 248Chapter 10Implementing EIGRP for IPv4 252Foundation Topics253Core EIGRP Configuration and VerificationEIGRP Configuration253253Configuring EIGRP Using a Wildcard MaskVerifying EIGRP Core Features255255Finding the Interfaces on Which EIGRP Is EnabledDisplaying EIGRP Neighbor StatusDisplaying the IPv4 Routing Table258259256
xviiEIGRP Metrics, Successors, and Feasible SuccessorsViewing the EIGRP Topology TableFinding Successor Routes260261262Finding Feasible Successor Routes263Convergence Using the Feasible Successor RouteExamining the Metric ComponentsOther EIGRP Configuration Settings265266267Load Balancing Across Multiple EIGRP RoutesTuning the EIGRP Metric Calculation267269Autosummarization and Discontiguous Classful Networks270Automatic Summarization at the Boundary of a Classful NetworkDiscontiguous Classful Networks271Review Activities 273Chapter 11Troubleshooting IPv4 Routing ProtocolsFoundation Topics278279Perspectives on Troubleshooting Routing Protocol ProblemsInterfaces Enabled with a Routing ProtocolEIGRP Interface Troubleshooting280281Examining Working EIGRP Interfaces 282Examining the Problems with EIGRP Interfaces 284OSPF Interface TroubleshootingNeighbor Relationships286289EIGRP Neighbor Verification Checks290EIGRP Neighbor Troubleshooting ExampleOSPF Neighbor TroubleshootingFinding Area Mismatches291293294Finding Duplicate OSPF Router IDs295Finding OSPF Hello and Dead Timer MismatchesOther OSPF Issues297Mismatched OSPF Network TypesMismatched MTU Settings297299Review Activities 300Part III Review304Part IV: Wide-Area NetworksChapter 12309Implementing Point-to-Point WANsFoundation Topics310311Leased Line WANs with HDLCLayer 1 Leased Lines311311The Physical Components of a Leased LineLeased Lines and the T-Carrier System314312296279270
xviiiCisco CCNA Routing and Switching ICND2 200-101 Official Cert Guide, Academic EditionThe Role of the CSU/DSU315Building a WAN Link in a Lab315Layer 2 Leased Lines with HDLCConfiguring HDLC316317Leased-Line WANs with PPPPPP Concepts320PPP Framing321PPP Control Protocols320321PPP Authentication 322Configuring PPP 323CHAP Configuration and VerificationTroubleshooting Serial Links324325Troubleshooting Layer 1 Problems325Troubleshooting Layer 2 Problems326Keepalive Failure327PAP and CHAP Authentication FailureTroubleshooting Layer 3 Problems328329Review Activities 331Chapter 13Understanding Frame Relay Concepts 336Foundation Topics337Frame Relay Overview337Virtual Circuits 339LMI and Encapsulation Types340Frame Relay Encapsulation and FramingFrame Relay Addressing341342Frame Relay Local Addressing342Frame Forwarding with One DLCI Field343Network Layer Addressing with Frame Relay344Frame Relay Layer 3 Addressing: One Subnet Containing All Frame RelayDTEs 345Frame Relay Layer 3 Addressing: One Subnet Per VCFrame Relay Layer 3 Addressing: Hybrid Approach345347Review Activities 349Chapter 14Implementing Frame Relay 352Foundation Topics353Frame Relay Configuration and VerificationPlanning a Frame Relay Configuration353353Configuring Using Physical Interfaces and One IP SubnetConfiguring the Encapsulation and LMI356354
xixFrame Relay Address MappingInverse ARP357360Static Frame Relay Mapping360Configuring Point-to-Point SubinterfacesVerifying Point-to-Point Frame Relay361364Configuring with Multipoint Subinterfaces366OSPF Issues on Frame Relay Multipoint and Physical InterfacesFrame Relay Troubleshooting368369A Suggested Frame Relay Troubleshooting ProcessLayer 1 Issues on the Access Link (Step 1)370Layer 2 Issues on the Access Link (Step 2)371PVC Problems and Status (Step 3)369372Find the Connected Subnet and Outgoing Interface (Steps 3a and 3b)Find the PVCs Assigned to That Interface (Step 3c)373374Determine Which PVC Is Used to Reach a Particular Neighbor (Step 3d)PVC Status375Subinterface Status377Frame Relay Mapping Issues (Step 4)End-to-End Encapsulation (Step 5)377378Mismatched Subnet Numbers (Step 6)379Review Activities 380Chapter 15Identifying Other Types of WANsFoundation Topics386387Private WANs to Connect EnterprisesLeased Lines387Frame Relay388Ethernet WANsMPLS390VSAT391387389Public WANs and Internet AccessInternet Access (WAN) Links392392Dial Access with Modems and ISDNDigital Subscriber LineCable Internet395396Mobile Phone Access with 3G/4GPPP over Ethernet398PPP over Ethernet ConfigurationReview Activities 401404397398PPP over Ethernet ConceptsPart IV Review393399375
xxCisco CCNA Routing and Switching ICND2 200-101 Official Cert Guide, Academic EditionPart V: IP Version 6Chapter 16409Troubleshooting IPv6 RoutingFoundation Topics410411Normal IPv6 Operation411Unicast IPv6 Addresses and IPv6 SubnettingAssigning Addresses to HostsStateful DHCPv6411413413Stateless Address Autoconfiguration414Router Address and Static Route Configuration415Configuring IPv6 Routing and Addresses on RoutersIPv6 Static Routes on RoutersVerifying IPv6 Connectivity416417Verifying Connectivity from IPv6 HostsVerifying IPv6 from RoutersTroubleshooting IPv6415417419421Pings from the Host Work Only in Some CasesPings Fail from a Host to Its Default Router421423Problems Using Any Function That Requires DNS424Host Is Missing IPv6 Settings: Stateful DHCP IssuesHost Is Missing IPv6 Settings: SLAAC IssuesTraceroute Shows Some Hops, But Fails424425427Routing Looks Good, But Traceroute Still Fails428Review Activities 430Chapter 17Implementing OSPF for IPv6 434Foundation Topics435OSPFv3 Configuration435OSPFv3 ICND1 Configuration Review435Example Multi-Area OSPFv3 Configuration435Single Area Configuration on the Three Internal Routers436Adding Multi-Area Configuration on the Area Border RouterOther OSPFv3 Configuration SettingsSetting OSPFv3 Interface Cost to Influence Route SelectionOSPF Load BalancingInjecting Default Routes440440OSPF Concepts, Verification, and TroubleshootingOSPFv3 Interfaces443Verifying OSPFv3 Interfaces443Troubleshooting OSPFv3 InterfacesOSPFv3 Neighbors443445Verifying OSPFv3 Neighbors445Troubleshooting OSPFv3 Neighbors438439446441439
xxiOSPFv3 LSDB and LSAs 448Verifying OSPFv3 LSAs448Troubleshooting OSPFv3 LSAs450OSPFv3 Metrics and IPv6 Routes 451Verifying OSPFv3 Interface Cost and Metrics
EIGRP Serial Configuration I Skill Builder Lab 2. EIGRP Serial Configuration II Skill Builder Lab 3. EIGRP Serial Configuration III Skill Builder Lab 4. . Elan Beer, CCIE No. 1837, is a senior consultant and Cisco instructor specializing in data cen-ter architecture and multiprotocol
Explain the features and characteristics of EIGRP. Describe the basic features of EIGRP. Describe the types of packets used to establish and maintain an EIGRP neighbor adjacency. Describe the encapsulation of an EIGRP messages. 6.2 Implement EIGRP for IPv4 Implement EIGRP
Use the router eigrp command in global configuration mode to enable EIGRP on the R1 router. Enter a process ID of 1 for the autonomous-system parameter. R1(config)# router eigrp 1 R1(config-router)# Step 2: Configure classful network 172.16.0.0. Once you are in the Router EIGRP configuration
Chapter 2 Lab 2-2, EIGRP Load Balancing Topology Objectives ! Review a basic EIGRP configuration. ! Explore the EIGRP topology table. ! Identify successors, feasible successors, and feasible distances. ! Use show and debug commands for the EIGRP topology table. ! Configure and veri
router eigrp 100 no auto-summary network 192.168.12.0 network 10.1.1.0 Router R2: key chain EIGRP_KC key 1 key-string cisco ! interface loopback 0 ip address 10.2.2.2 255.255.255.255! interface serial 0/0 ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.252 ip authentication eigrp 100 md5 ip authentication key-chain eigrp 100 EIGRP_KC! router eigrp 100 no .
both EIGRP and OSPF, and the combination of EIGRP and OSPF has maximum throughput than EIGRP and OSPF [8]. Mardedi and Rosidi presented the analysis and comparison of performance between EIGRP and OSPF based on Cisco Packet Tracer 6.0.1. They found that EIGRP is better than OSPF in terms of delay and convergence time [9]. Whitfield and Zhu
support for classless routing and VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking). routes can be summarized on any router in the network. incremental routing updates. support for load-balancing. support for the MD5 authentication. support for IPv4 and IPv6. EIGRP uses Cisco’s Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP) to send messages and uses
ipv6 hello-interval eigrp 10 1. ipv6 hold-time eigrp 10 3. ipv6 authentication mode eigrp 10 md5. ipv6 authentication keychain - eigrp 10 eigrp. interface Vlan4. description Data VLAN for Access: ipv6 address 2001:DB8:CAFE:4::2/64. ipv6 nd prefix 2001:DB8:CAFE:4::/64 no-advertise. ipv6 nd managed-config-flag. ipv6 dhcp relay destination 2001 .
June 1982 concerning certain products used in animal nutrition(6), should be included as a category of feed additives and therefore transferred from the scope of that Directive to this Regulation. (13) Implementing rules concerning applications for authorisation of feed additives should take into account different documentation requirements for food-producing and other animals. (14) In order .
