R.O.T.C., J.R.O.T.C. And Military Training Collection

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Kamehameha Schools Museum ArchiveR.O.T.C., J.R.O.T.C. and Military Training CollectionFinding AidCreated by:Georgina TomArchive intern from the University of Hawai i at Mānoa Master of Library and InformationScience (MLISc) program, January to May 2009For Kamehameha Schools Archives Kamehameha Schools 2009 All rights reservedRevised in 2015 by Candace W. Lee, Assistant Archivist

The Archive at Kamehameha Schools MuseumStacy Naipo, ArchivistCandace W. Lee, Assistant ArchivistKamehameha Schools Museum Archive2

Kamehameha SchoolsMilitary TrainingTIMELINEOct. 3, 1887Kamehameha School for Boys opened for admission of pupils.1888Military training established at Kamehameha School for Boys for drill anddiscipline in marching into town to church.1889Clarendon Davis took charge of drill. Davis had training from the MilitaryAcademy.June 18, 1891First commencement with 14 male graduates.1899Khaki uniforms adopted for classroom and drill.May 20, 1900First public Sunday dress parade.1902Cadet officers receive first commissions.Dec. 16, 1904Perley L. Horne, President of KS, informed the Trustees of the possibility ofapplying for a detailed military or naval officer and rifles from the WarDepartment. Horne also stated that he was in favor of the idea.Dec. 19, 1904A special committee is established by the Trustees to consider matters ofmilitary training at the Boys school. Committee members: Trustees A. W.Carter and E. Faxon Bishop.Dec. 29, 1904The committee issued a recommendation “against making an application to theSecretary of War for a military instructor.”Dec. 30, 1904Recommendation approved and adopted by the board.1908Perley L. Horne, KS president, visits War Department in Washington D.C.;recommends the assignment of regular Army officers to KS for duty.June 12, 1908War Department asked to detail an Army officer as instructor of MilitaryScience and Tactics at KS.Oct. 2, 1908KS recognized by War Department as a military school. Second LieutenantWilliam H. Winters assigned as Professor of Military Science and Tactics.Enrolment is 160 cadets with 125 eligible for military training, those 15 yearsand over.March 1909Springfield rifles first used. President Horne and Lt. Winters institute ceremonyof saying farewell to graduating officers at commencement and presenting hissword to Cadet Major.1910KS recognized as a Class A school.1911KS accepted by the U.S. War Department as a Military Institution.June 3 or 4,1916National Defense Act establishing ROTC.1916KS establishes first ROTC unit in Hawaii.1920Beginning of competition in rifle matches.Dec. 1920KS permitted to compete in Schofield rifle marksmanship contest by GeneralKamehameha Schools Museum Archive3

Charles C. Norton, Commanding General, Hawaiian Department.Spring 1921First annual military tournament, KS defeats Punahou and the College ofHawaii.Feb. 1923KS becomes an Essentially Military School, one of 47 in the U.S.1926Forming of Guard of Honor for the Secretary of the Interior Herbert Work.1932KS changed from military school to civil school. ROTC program amendedofficially to grades 10 to 12; grades 7 to 9 plan to continue military work but arenot recognized by the War Department.May 15, 1932Last exhibition dress parade.Dec. 7,1941Oct. 21, 1945ROTC disbanded due to the war. Military drill continued by school instructorswho had military training. Later, cadets were organized into the KamehamehaMilitary Training Corps. Under Lt. Col. Adna G. Clarke.Oct. 22, 1945ROTC reactivated under Capt. Ainsley K. Mahikoa, assistant PMS & T,graduate of KSB.May 2, 1947Enrollment at 373 cadets with 247 cadets classed as authorized and 126 asunauthorized.Aug. 1, 1951Department of the Army designated KS Class MI, Military Institute, the firstsuch institute in Hawaii at the high school level.Dec. 1, 1958David Cooper appointed Cadet Colonel, first full Cadet Colonel in KS history.KSB cadets promoted to permanent positions under new Battle Group ratingsystem.Dec. 19, 1959Founders Day. First use of new dress uniforms adopted for ROTC BattleGroup; featured dress coat extending below the waist.March 1962Barry Wood, Jr. announced winner of 75th anniversary shoulder patch for BoysSchool cadets.1965Controversy over Federal funding. Defense department banned giving ROTCfunds to private, racially segregated schools across the country.May 12, 1965Army Department notified KS that funds would not be cancelled.June 21, 1965Defense Department requests report of detachment1973KS change after 22 years, from Military Institute to JROTC type program.1976-1977JROTC program enrolled 481 students; designated as an Honor Unit.2001Federal complaint filed challenging KS’s admission policy of giving preferenceto children of Hawaiian ancestry. Complaint filed on the grounds that the schoolreceives Federal funding.2001JROTC Program awarded Honor Unit with Distinction—highest U.S. Armyranking.Jan. 17, 2002KS decision to stop JROTC Program. Decision made as part of efforts towithdraw participation from Federally subsidized programs stemming fromchallenges made regarding KS admissions policy.May 9, 2002JROTC Deactivation ceremony held on Konia Field. The JROTC DeactivationKamehameha Schools Museum Archive4

Parade marked the end of 114 years of military tradition at KS with entire cadetcorps.June 30, 2002JROTC program discontinued.Kamehameha Schools Museum Archive5

R.O.T.C., J.R.O.T.C., and Military Training CollectionFinding AidCreated by:Georgina TomArchive intern from the University of Hawai i at Mānoa Master of Library and Information Science (MLISc)program, January to May 2009Revised in 2015 by Candace W. Lee, Assistant Archivist.DESCRIPTIVE SUMMARY AND ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATIONAbstract: Awards and recognitions; uniforms; helmets; flags and banners; patches; pins; andmiscellaneous material from the Kamehameha Schools JROTC program, 1888-2002.Size: 102 object records encompassing 362 objects (24 linear feet)Bulk dates: 1941-2002Provenance: Many materials were donated upon deactivation of the J.R.O.T.C. program; othersare gifts from alumni or family of alumni.Access: Access by permission of Archivist or Director.Preferred Citation: Kamehameha SchoolsACCESS POINTSAdded Entries:1. ROTC2. ROTC, 1888-2002--Archives3. Junior ROTC, 1888-2002--Archives4. JROTC--Archives5. JROTC-- Deactivation6. JROTC-- uniforms7. Photographs8. Awards9. Flags10. BannersHISTORICAL NOTEThe ceremonial opening of Kamehameha School for Boys (KSB) was November 4, 1887.Military training was established at KSB in 1888 for discipline in marching in town, to church and fordrill. Kamehameha Schools was recognized as a military school by the U.S. War Department on October2, 1908. The National Defense Act by the U.S. Government establishing R.O.T.C. (Reserve OfficersKamehameha Schools Museum Archive6

Training Corp) was passed in June, 1916. Over the years the Kamehameha Schools military trainingprogram endured several changes of classification and status, but the tradition of military trainingremained. The program participated in many military oriented programs and competitions earning severaldistinctions including Honor Unit with Distinction in 2001—the highest U.S. Army ranking.On January 17, 2002, Trustees of the Kamehameha Schools supported the decision to close theJ.R.O.T.C. (Junior Reserve Officers Training Corp) program. The decision was a part of efforts towithdraw participation from federally subsidized programs in order to give the Schools a moreadvantageous position during a period of many legal challenges regarding the admissions policy. TheJ.R.O.T.C. Deactivation Ceremony was held on May 9, 2002 with the participation of the entire cadetcorps marking the end of 114 years of military training at Kamehameha Schools. The program wasofficially discontinued on June 30, 2002.COLLECTION OVERVIEWThis collection is comprised of awards, uniforms, flags, banners and photographs representing theregular activities and experiences of the JROTC program, as well as material related to the deactivation ofthe program.The majority of the collection is the awards showing the participation and accomplishments ofindividuals and the program as a whole.The collection components came into the archives with no pre-existing order and have thereforebeen arranged into the series listed below. This arrangement allows for the growth of the collection as it isnot static.Series 1.Series 2.Series 3.Series 4.Series 5.Series 6.Series 7.Series 8.Series 9.Series 10.Series 11.Series 12.Series 13.Series 14.Series 15.Series tographic AlbumsPhotographsPhotographs—FramedNā Koa IES DESCRIPTIONSSeries 1. Awards40 object recordsKamehameha Schools Museum Archive7

Trophies, plaques and certificates showing the participation and accomplishments of individualsand the program as a whole.Series 2. Uniforms4 object recordsSeveral dress uniform jackets and pants, one high ranking uniform top. The uniforms show thewear and tear of use.Series 3. Helmets4 object recordsHelmets used with camouflage cover and one dress parade helmet.Series 4. Flags9 object recordsSeveral U.S. flags, Hawai i State Flag and the Kamehameha Schools Army JROTC flag.Series 5. Banners5 object recordsSeveral banners used in ceremony or displaying distinction; for example, “Honor Company.”Series 6. Patches4 object recordsPatches that may have been earned to place on uniforms.Series 7. Pins3 object recordsPins that may have been earned to place on uniforms, one name tag.Series 8. Photographic Albums12 object recordsSeveral photographic albums presumable arranged by those involved in JROTC, most of whichhave been arranged into subjects, such as “JROTC Rifle Team,” and duplicated.Kamehameha Schools Museum Archive8

Series 9. Photographs1 object recordOne individual black and white photograph, marching in dress uniforms.Series 10. Photographs—Framed3 object recordsFramed photograph of unidentified male, photograph of female saluting Col. Lee, and aphotograph of JROTC instructors.Series 11. Nā Koa Club4 object recordsPhotographic albums, 2 guest books from events, 2 programs from awards baquets, the Nā Koatraining manual.Series 12. Videos2 object recordsTwo VHS tapes of the Veteran’s Day Ceremony, 1993 and school year 1994-1995.Series 13. Motto1 object recordLaminated display board containing JROTC motto.Series 14. Documents2 object recordsJROTC operating procedures and the Saber Guidon Colors manual.Series 15. Memorabilia1 object recordA wooden baton, and stand, passed in the air by the U.S. Army Parachute team.Series 16. DeactivationKamehameha Schools Museum Archive9

6 object recordsMaterials related to the deactivation of the JROTC program: memorandum; speeches; program;pictures; news stories.Series 17. Vertical files,1 box of filesThe archivist collected various news articles mainly from Schools publications about militarytraining, R.O.T.C., J.R.O.T.C., and World War II.Kamehameha Schools Museum Archive10

SHELF LISTNote: JROTC.uniforms.3a-b is hanging in the vault room. Other unlisted object numbers are on the shelves in clearbags with identifying tags 252627282930313233343536(Misc.)3738Object NumbersJROTC.awards.1— ards.11JROTC.awards.12JROTC.awards.13— JROTC.awards.16JROTC.awards.17— JROTC.awards.20JROTC.awards.22— JROTC.awards.25JROTC.awards.26— JROTC.awards.28JROTC.awards.29— JROTC.awards.32JROTC.awards.33— JROTC.awards.35; JROTC.awards.38— a-jJROTC.helmets.1— JROTC.helmets.2JROTC.helmets.3— gs.3JROTC.flags.4JROTC.flags.5— JROTC.flags.6JROTC ImageDescriptionBox No.11 grey linen banners with red lettering and 24torch image; “ROTC” at top; letters atbottom- HQ, A-I, h:20.5 in. (52.07 c.m.)ROTC.banners.2a-h8 navy blue banners with various text;examples- “President’s Parade,” gth:2 in. (5.08 c.m.)ROTC.banners.3a-f6 purple banners with ivory fringe andlettering; 5 are Honor Unit banners foryears 1951, 53, 55, 57, 58; 1 is a 1956competition banner6 miscellaneous honor banners; 2 teal andivory or yellow with 2 leaves each (1 leafhas been cut, therefore 4a-g instead of 4af); 1 blue with white block lettering; 1yellow and orange, 1966; 2 faded blue orpurple with felt edges, 1946, 19472 Cadet Challenge banners; 1 red and greywith yellow lettering and tie at one end; 1red and yellow with grey telyLength:3.5 in. (8.89 c.m.)without fringeApproximatelyLength:From 2.5 in (6.35c.m.) to 3 in. nners.5a-bKamehameha Schools Museum ArchiveLength:1.75 in. (4.45 c.m.)24

PatchesObject NumberROTC.patches.1ImageDescriptionRound; black ground; blue trim; shield withlightning in center; yellow lettering;“Kamehameha Schools Bishop Estate / NāKoa Club”Box No.29BarcodeDimensions33290001485133 Across:3 in. (7.62 c.m.)ROTC.patches.2Round; blue ground; black trim; Hawaii StateFlag and image of a person in center; whitelettering; “Kamehameha Schools BishopEstate / Nā Koa Club / “Fit to Win” / PhysicalFitness Challenge”2933290001485190 Across:2.5 in. (6.36c.m.)ROTC.patches.3Black trim; yellow trim; yellow lettering;“Ranger Challenge”2933290001485257 Width:2.75 in. (6.99c.m)ROTC.patches.4Blue ground; white trim; white lettering; “NaKoa”2933290001485315 Width:2.

Note: JROTC.uniforms.3a-b is hanging in the vault room. Other unlisted object numbers are on the shelves in clear bags with identifying tags visible. Box Object Numbers 1 JROTC.awards.1— JROTC.awards.2 2 JROTC.awards.7 3 JROTC.awards.8 4 JROTC.awards.11 5 JROTC.awards.12 6 J

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