Carbon Storage Newsletter

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF FOSSIL ENERGY NATIONAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY LABORATORYC A R B O NS T O R A G ENEWSLETTERJune 2020This newsletter is compiled by the NationalEnergy Technology Laboratory to provideinformation on recent activities and publications related to carbon storage. It coversdomestic, international, public sector, andprivate sector news in the following areas:DOE/NETL HIGHLIGHTSNETL Software Helps Estimate CO2 Storage Potential.A new iteration of a National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) software application enablesresearchers to more accurately estimate carbon dioxide (CO2) storage potential. The CO2-SCREEN(Storage prospeCtive Resource Estimation Excel aNalysis) tool applies methods and equationsfor estimating prospective CO2 storage resources in residual oil zones (ROZs), which can be usedfor large-scale carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects. ROZs have the potential toboost economic activity through energy production while also storing CO2. From NETL Press Release.May 2020.ZDOE/NETL HIGHLIGHTSZANNOUNCEMENTSZPROJECT and BUSINESSDEVELOPMENTSANNOUNCEMENTSZLEGISLATION and POLICYZEMISSIONS TRADINGZSCIENCE NEWSA document released by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)/NETL highlights 20 years of its carbon capture and storage (CCS)research and development (R&D). The document, titled “SafeGeologic Storage of Captured Carbon Dioxide: Two Decades ofDOE’s Carbon Storage R&D Program in Review,” details the roleplayed by DOE’s Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership(RCSP) Initiative.ZPUBLICATIONSCARBON STORAGE PROGRAMDOCUMENTS andREFERENCE MATERIALSZCarbon Storage EducationalResourcesZProgram Reports, Plans,and RoadmapsZConference ProceedingsZCarbon Storage PortfolioZSystems AnalysisZPeer ReviewZBest Practices ManualsZFossil Energy TechlinesDocument Highlights DOE’s CCS R&D.DOE Announces Intent to Commit Fundingfor Coal FIRST Initiative.DOE’s Office of Fossil Energy announced its intention to commitPetra Nova site, located nearfederal funding for cost-shared R&D projects through the releaseHouston, Texas (USA).of the draft Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), DesignDevelopment and System Integration Design Studies for Coal FIRST Concepts. (The draft FOA wasissued to make interested parties aware of DOE’s intention to issue the finalized FOA later this summer.)Projects resulting from the finalized FOA will support DOE’s Coal FIRST (Flexible, Innovative, Resilient,Small, Transformative) Initiative.FlexibleTransformativeI nnovativeSmallResilientNational Carbon Capture Center Expands Testing.The National Carbon Capture Center (NCCC) announced expanded testingin its future scope of work for DOE/NETL. NCCC is now expected to includetesting of CO2 utilization and direct air capture technologies. In addition,NCCC will broaden its testing and evaluation of CO2 capture technologiesfor natural gas power generation through a new addition to the center.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF FOSSIL ENERGY NATIONAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY LABORATORYCARBON STORAGE NEWSLET TERANNOUNCEMENTSJune 2020(cont.)CCUS Finance Workshop Report Available.UK CCC Pens Letter in Support of CCS.CMC Research Institutes released a summary report of a workshop exploringCCUS investment opportunities. Workshop attendees discussed challengesthat technology developers, industry, and investors may face and potentialsolutions that may be realized while advancing CCUS technologies from earlystage research to commercialization.The United Kingdom (UK) Committee on Climate Change (CCC) wrote lettersto the UK and Scottish governments providing advice on (1) strengtheningthe economy through actions such as redeploying workforces in low-carbonindustries, including CCS, and (2) targeted funding for science and innovationin low-carbon technologies.Report Assesses Value,Benefits of CCS.Podcast Discusses Carbon Cycle, Carbon Storage.The “No-Till Farmer Influencers & Innovators” podcast released an episodediscussing the carbon cycle and why it is more complicated than the commonperception of carbon storage. In addition, the episode covered the role carboncycling can play in today’s carbon credits program.The Global CCS Institute released a reportanalyzing the benefits of large-scaleinvestment and deployment of CCS. Thereport discusses the evidence related tothe value of CCS under two themes: CCSas an essential technology to economicallymeet long-term goals, and CCS as a driverof economic growth and employment.PROJECT and BUSINESS DEVELOPMENTSTechnology Approved for Full-Scale Demo Project.Investment in CCS Project Announced.DNV GL, an international accredited registrar and classification societyheadquartered in Høvik, Norway, has approved technology for a full-scaledemonstration project to remove CO2 emissions from a cement plant in Norway.The project, which was initiated by Gassnova (the Norwegian state’s agencyfor implementation of CCS projects), will apply carbon capture technologydeveloped by Aker Solutions at Norcem’s Brevik, Norway, cement plant. Theplant is part of Europe’s industrial demonstration of CCUS; the captured CO2 isexpected to be transported to and injected into a CO2 storage site offshore ofNorway. From DNV GL News Release. April 2020.Equinor, Shell, and Total announced their intent to establish a joint venturecompany to invest in Norway’s Northern Lights project, part of the Norwegianfull-scale CCS project. The investment decision concludes the study phase ofthe project during which the companies conducted engineering studies andproject planning, drilled a confirmation well, and developed the necessaryagreements. Phase I of the project includes capacity to transport, inject,and store up to 1.5 million metric tons of CO2 per year. If approved by theNorwegian government, Phase I is expected to be operational in 2024.From Total News Release. May 2020.Feasibility Study to Assess CCS Options.Partnership to Capture, Store CO2.KBR was awarded a feasibility study to assess options for CCS in South EastAsia. As part of the study, awarded by JX Nippon Oil & Gas Corporation, KBR willprovide technical consultancy services for developing concepts and technologyrecommendations for CO2 capture and reinjection. KBR is a global provider ofprofessional services and technologies within the government, technology, andenergy solution sectors. From KBR Press Release. May 2020.LafargeHolcim, a Swiss building material company, is partnering with SolidiaTechnologies, a U.S.-based cement and concrete technology company, toreduce CO2 across its value chain. Combined, the two companies’ solutionscapture and store CO2 and emit up to 30% less CO2 during cement production,leading to 70% reduced-carbon concrete. From World Cement. May 2020.LEGISLATION and POLICYPolicy Design to Finance CCUS Projects in US.Roadmap Examines CO2 Emissions Reductions Through Technologies.Columbia University’s Center on Global Energy Policy released a report onCCUS policy configurations. The report found that additional policies wouldbenefit and incentivize the deployment of CCUS in the commercial powermarket. The authors analyzed which policy configurations would incentivize thewidespread deployment of CCUS in the U.S. electric generation industry. Theresults focused on the effect of ownership structure, the 45Q tax credit, capitalcost incentives, and revenue enhancement incentives. More information,including the full report, a presentation, and a data-sharing portal, is availableonline. From Carbon Capture Journal. April 2020.CEMBUREAU (the European CementAssociation) published its CarbonNeutrality Roadmap (CNR), examininghow the European cement industry canreach net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050and align with the European Green Deal.According to the roadmap, achievingnet-zero emissions by 2050 will requirethe deployment of existing and newtechnologies, such as CCUS. The CNRalso details the role these technologiescould play in reducing CO2 emissions ateach stage of the cement and concretevalue chain and provides both technicaland policy recommendations. FromCemNet.com. May 2020.2

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF FOSSIL ENERGY NATIONAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY LABORATORYCARBON STORAGE NEWSLET TERLEGISLATION and POLICYJune 2020(cont.)Australia’s Technology Investment Roadmap ConsidersCCS Technologies.UK Draft Accord Sets Path for Future UK-EU CO2 Trading.In a draft technical energy accord released on its website, the UK set outthe basis for potentially linking UK-European Union (EU) CO2 emissionstrading systems (ETSs). The carbon pricing section of the draft accord statesthat the UK is open to linking to the EU ETS, which could potentially includeenabling CO2 allowances from either entity to be used in either system.From S&P Global. May 2020.Australia’s federal government released its technology investment roadmapfor reducing CO2 emissions over the next 30 years. CCS was among thetechnologies under consideration to meet the nation’s emissions goals, forwhich the Australian government recommended long-term investment.From ABC.net. May 2020.EMISSIONS TRADINGRegional Greenhouse Gas Initiative Reports Made Available.Europe Carbon Trading Volumes Rise.The states participating in the RegionalGreenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI)released two reports. The AnnualReport on the Market for RGGI CO2Allowances: 2019 evaluates market activity for RGGI CO2 allowances, focusingon allowance prices, trading and acquisition of allowances in the auctionsand secondary market, participation in the market by individual firms, andmarket monitoring. More details on 2019 allowance prices, holdings, andmarket participation are available on RGGI’s Market Monitor Reports webpage.In addition, the Report on the Secondary Market for RGGI CO2 Allowances:First Quarter 2020 addresses the period from January through March 2020and contains information on the secondary market for RGGI CO2 allowances,including future prices, market activity, and allowance holdings. From RGGINews Releases. May 2020.According to Germany’s emissions trading authority (DEHSt), tradingvolumes in Europe’s carbon trading market rose in the first quarter of 2020by 8% year-on-year. More than 1 billion allowances were traded in March2020, which was the largest volume in a single month since October 2018.From Montel News. May 2020.German Bank Forecasts Global Carbon Offset Market.The value of the global market for CO2 emissions offsets could increase from 0.6 billion (2019) to 200 billion by 2050, according to the German bankBerenberg. The bank states that as countries hit the limits of decarbonization,they will have to rely on offsetting projects to balance carbon emissions.Carbon offsets can include land-use projects that absorb CO2 (such asforest and marshland development programs) or changes to cleanerenergy of industrial technologies that would otherwise be uneconomical.From S&P Global. May 2020.EU, Swiss Carbon Trading Link Postponed.The EU Commission announced that it had postponed the launch of a provisionalmechanism for transferring carbon permits between Switzerland and the EUETS. The EU and Switzerland linking agreement entered into force in January2020; however, for the linking to happen, a provisional mechanism for thetransfer of permits had to be in place by May 2020. The EU Commission saidthis transfer has been postponed until September 2020 due to the COVID-19outbreak. From Today Online. May 2020.SCIENCE NEWSResearch Examines Water Sustainability During CCS Implementation.Scientists Develop CO2-Separating Membrane.Research conducted by scientists from University of California, Berkeley (USA)examined how CCS technology can be sustainably implemented withoutcompromising water resources. The study, published in the online journalNature Sustainability, also examined how emerging CCS technologies couldmitigate the demand current CCS practices place on water consumption. FromUniversity of California, Berkeley, News Release. May 2020.Newcastle University (UK) scientists developed a self-assembling silvermembrane with the potential to capture CO2 emissions and possibly be utilizedin certain CCS applications. According to the researchers, silver could be aneffective material for some CCS applications. In the study, published in thejournal Energy & Environmental Science, the research team found a way togain the benefits of using silver in the CO2 separation process without needinga lot of the element itself. From ScienceAlert. May 2020.Scientists Develop Artificial Photosynthesis for Carbon Storage.New developments may allow scientists to recreate and control artificialphotosynthesis for carbon storage. Using spinach membranes and oil dropletsfilled with enzymes, European researchers were able to mimic natural plantpathways and transform CO2 into useful compounds. According to the study,published in the journal Science, this artificial photosynthesis may be moreefficient than its natural counterpart in the future since the researchers areable to carefully control how photosynthesis takes place. From Inverse. May2020.3

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF FOSSIL ENERGY NATIONAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY LABORATORYCARBON STORAGE NEWSLET TERJune 2020PUBLICATIONSComputed Tomography Scanning and Geophysical Measurementsof the T.R. McMillen #2 Core.A comparison of carbon dioxide storage resource estimatemethodologies for a regional assessment of the NorthernNiagaran Pinnacle Reef Trend in the Michigan Basin.The following is from the abstract of thisDOE/NETL document: “The computedtomography (CT) facilities and the MultiSensor Core Logger (MSCL) at the NationalEnergy Technology Laboratory (NETL) inMorgantown, West Virginia were used tocharacterize core from the Carbon SafeChristian County project, T.R. McMillen#2 well (API 1202125650). The primaryimpetus of this work is a collaborationbetween the U.S. Department of Energy(DOE) and the Illinois State GeologicSurvey at the University of Illinois, UrbanaChampaign. The resultant datasetsare presented in this report, and can be accessed from NETL’s Energy DataeXchange (EDX) online system using the following link: illen-2. [ ] Imaging with the NETL medical CTscanner was performed on the entire core. Qualitative analysis of the medicalCT images, coupled with X-ray fluorescence (XRF), P-wave, and magneticsusceptibility measurements from the MSCL were useful in identifying zonesof interest for more detailed analysis. The ability to quickly identify key areasfor more detailed study with higher resolution will save time and resourcesin future studies. The combination of methods used provides a multi-scaleanalysis of the core; the resulting macro and micro descriptions are relevantto many subsurface energy related examinations traditionally performed atNETL.”The following is from the abstract of this article: “The Northern NiagaranPinnacle Reef Trend has more than 800 identified Silurian-aged pinnacle reefsin the Michigan Basin. The reefs have a long history of oil and gas production,gas storage, and more recently successful CO2-enhanced oil recovery (EOR)operations. These fields provide an excellent opportunity to evaluate thegeologic variability in complex carbonate reservoirs and its impact on carboncapture, utilization, and storage feasibility. A comprehensive database wasbuilt that identifies reefs and links key reservoir attributes to each field. Novelmethodologies and techniques were developed to analyze hundreds of fieldsfor CO2 storage and EOR options. This included a regional static earth modelto compute volumetric-based resource estimates, fluid substitution to estimatestorage resources from oil and gas production, and proximity analysis–basedweighting of reefs to predict reservoir performance metrics and estimate EOR.Lastly, an enhanced storage scenario of maximizing a reef’s storage potentialat the end of a CO2-EOR life cycle was evaluated.” Autumn Haagsma, JoelMain, Ashwin Pasumarti, Manoj Valluri, Mackenzie Scharenberg, GlennLarsen, Wayne Goodman, Amber Conner, Zachary Cotter, Laura Keister,William Harrison, Srikanta Mishra, Rick Pardini, and Neeraj Gupta,Environmental Geosciences. (Subscription may be required.)Development and application of a machine learning basedmulti-objective optimization workflow for CO2-EOR projects.The following is from the abstract of this article: “Carbon dioxide-EnhancedOil Recovery (CO2-EOR) is known as one of techniques for hydrocarbonproduction improvement as wells as an important candidate to reducegreenhouse gas emissions. Thus, an ideal development strategy for a CO2-EORproject would consider multiple objectives including to maximize oil recovery,CO2 storage volume and project economic outcomes. This work proposes arobust computational framework that couples artificial neural network (ANN)and multi-objective optimizers to optimize the aforementioned objectives inCO2-EOR processes simultaneously. Expert ANN systems are trained andemployed as surrogate models of the high-fidelity compositional simulator inthe optimization workflow. The robustness of the development optimizationprotocol is confirmed via a synthetic injection-pattern-base case study.Afterward a field implementation to Morrow-B formation to optimize the tertiaryrecovery stage of the field development is discussed. This work compares theoptimum solution found using an aggregate objective function and the solutionrepository (Pareto front) generated by the multi-objective optimization process.The comparison indicates the existence of potential multi-solutions satisfyingcertain criteria in a CO2-EOR project designing, which cannot be found usingtraditional weighted sum method. The optimization results provide significantinsight into the decision-making process of CO2-EOR project when multipleobjective functions are considered.” Junyu You, William Ampomah, andQian Sun, Fuel. (Subscription may be required.)U.S. DOE/NETL large pilot-scale testing of advancedcarbon capture technologies.The following is from the abstract of this article: “The mission of the UnitedStates (U.S.) Department of Energy/National Energy Technology Laboratory(DOE/NETL) Carbon Capture Program is to develop the next generationof advanced CO2 capture concepts for the power-generation sector. TheCarbon Capture Program employs a down-selection process that graduatestechnologies from a large portfolio of laboratory/bench-scale projects to asmaller set of small-scale pilot projects and eventually to an even smallergroup of large-scale pilot projects. At every scale, computer simulation playsa significant role in guiding experimental efforts and accelerating the overallpace of technology development. This down-selection process serves to derisk industrial investment, given that there is insufficient information generatedat the laboratory/bench scale to confidently predict eventual commercialsuccess. The Carbon Capture Program is currently engaged in efforts toadvance the next generation of capture technologies to large pilot scale. Threecapture technologies have been awarded Phase I projects in a competitionto build large-scale pilots for advanced energy and post combustion capturesystems. In addition, six capture technologies are working toward large-scalepilot testing at Technology Center Mongstad in Norway. Advances along threeinnovation pathways—materials, processes, and equipment—have beencritical in preparing these technologies for large pilot-scale testing. This paperdescribes the approach that is being followed by the Carbon Capture Programto advance the technologies and provides brief descriptions of the technicalinnovations that have prepared individual technologies for large pilot-scaletesting.” Lynn Brickett, Ron Munson, and John Litynski, Fuel. (Subscriptionmay be required.)4

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF FOSSIL ENERGY NATIONAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY LABORATORYCARBON STORAGE NEWSLET TERPUBLICATIONSJune 2020(cont.)Application of bioelectrochemical systems for carbo

Podcast Discusses Carbon Cycle, Carbon Storage. The “No-Till Farmer Influencers & Innovators” podcast released an episode discussing the carbon cycle and why it is more complicated than the common perception of carbon storage. In addition, the episode covered the role carbon cycling can play in today’s carbon credits program.

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