Chapter 1 Aircraft Designations And Popular Names
Chapter 1Aircraft Designations and Popular NamesBackground on the Evolution of Aircraft DesignationsAircraft model designation history is very complex. To fully understand the designations, it is important to knowthe factors that played a role in developing the different missions that aircraft have been called upon to perform.Technological changes affecting aircraft capabilities have resulted in corresponding changes in the operationalcapabilities and techniques employed by the aircraft. Prior to WWI, the Navy tried various schemes for designatingaircraft.In the early period of naval aviation a system was developed to designate an aircraft’s mission. Different aircraftclass designations evolved for the various types of missions performed by naval aircraft. This became known as theAircraft Class Designation System. Numerous changes have been made to this system since the inception of navalaviation in 1911.While reading this section, various references will be made to the Aircraft Class Designation System,Designation of Aircraft, Model Designation of Naval Aircraft, Aircraft Designation System, and Model Designationof Military Aircraft. All of these references refer to the same system involved in designating aircraft classes. Thissystem is then used to develop the specific designations assigned to each type of aircraft operated by the Navy.The F3F-4, TBF-1, AD-3, PBY-5A, A-4, A-6E, and F/A-18C are all examples of specific types of naval aircraftdesignations, which were developed from the Aircraft Class Designation System.Aircraft Class Designation SystemEarly Period of Naval Aviation up to 1920The uncertainties during the early period of naval aviation were reflected by the problems encountered in settling ona functional system for designating naval aircraft. Prior to 1920, two different Aircraft Class Designation Systemswere used. From 1911 up to 1914, naval aircraft were identified by a single letter indicating the general type andmanufacturer, followed by a number to indicate the individual plane of that type-manufacturer. Under this system:“A” was used for Curtiss hydroaeroplanes“B” for Wright hydroaeroplanes“C” for Curtiss flying boats“D” for Burgess flying boats“E” for Curtiss amphibian flying boatsThis system had been established in 1911 by Capt. Washington I. Chambers, Director of Naval Aviation. Thefollowing is a list of the types of aircraft and their designations in existence from 1911–1914:Aircraft Designation System 1911–1914A-1Curtiss hydroaeroplane (originally an amphibian, and the Navy’s first airplane)A-2Curtiss landplane (rebuilt as a hydroaeroplane)A-3Curtiss hydroaeroplaneA-4Curtiss hydroaeroplaneB-1Wright landplane (converted to hydroaeroplane)B-2Wright type hydroaeroplaneB-3Wright type hydroaeroplaneC-1Curtiss flying boatA ircraft Designations and Popular Names 1
C-2C-3C-4C-5D-1D-2E-1Curtiss flying boatCurtiss flying boatCurtiss flying boatCurtiss flying boatBurgess Co. and Curtis flying boatBurgess Co. and Curtis flying boatOWL (Over Water and Land; originally the A-2, it was rebuilt as a short-hulled flying boat forflying over water or land and fitted with wheels for use as an amphibian)A new Aircraft Class Designation System was established by Capt. Mark L. Bristol, the second Director ofNaval Aviation who assumed the position from Capt. Chambers in December 1913. The new system was issued on27 March 1914 as General Order 88, “Designation of Air Craft.” This system changed the original designation of theaircraft to two letters and a number, of which the first letter denoted class; the second, type within a class; and thenumber the order in which aircraft within the class were acquired. The four classes set up on 27 March 1914 are asfollows:Aircraft Designation System, 1914-1920Aircraft Classes“A” for heavier-than-air craft. Within the “A” class:L stood for land machinesH stood for hydroaeroplanesB stood for flying boatsX stood for combination land and water (amphibians)C stood for convertibles (could be equipped as land or water machines)“D” for airships or dirigibles“B” for balloons“K” for kitesUnder this new system the A-1 aircraft (the Navy’s first airplane) was redesignated AH-1, with the “A”identifying the plane as a heavier-than-air craft and the “H” standing for hydroaeroplane. General Order No. 88 alsoprovided a corresponding link between the old aircraft designations and the new system: “The aeroplanes now in theservice” are hereby designated as follows:A-1 became the AH-1A-2 became the AH-2A-3 became the AH-3B-1 became the AH-4B-2 became the AH-5B-3 became the AH-6C-1 became the AB-1C-2 became the AB-2C-3 became the AB-3C-4 became the AB-4C-5 became the AB-5D-1 became the AB-62 A ircraft
D-2 became the AB-7E-1 became the AX-1Despite the phrase, “now in the service,” the A-1, B-1, and B-2, and probably the D-1 had ceased to exist beforethe order was issued.The Early 1920sIn General Order 541, issued in July 1920, two overall types of aircraft were identified and assigned permanentletters, which have remained in effect since that date. Lighter-than-air types were identified by the letter Z andheavier-than-air types were assigned the letter V. Within these two categories, various class letters were assigned tofurther differentiate the aircraft’s operation or construction. Class letters assigned to the Z types were R for rigid,N for nonrigid, and K for kite. By combining the type and class designation, the different airships in the Navy’sinventory could be categorized. As an example:ZR referred to rigid dirigibles (airships)ZN stood for nonrigid airshipsZK for kite balloonsThe class letters assigned to the heavier-than-air vehicles covered a wider range and generally reflected themission responsibilities of the aircraft classes. Class letters assigned to the V types GFleet (utility)By combining the V designation for heavier-than-air vehicles with the class letters, the following aircraft classdefinitions were assigned in 1920:VFFighting planeVOObservation planeVSScouting planeVPPatrol planeVTTorpedo and bombing planeVGFleet plane (most likely a general utility aircraft)This class designation system for aircraft has continued to remain a functional system and is still used today.There have been many additions, deletions, and major changes to the system over the years but the concept hasremained intact. The current naval aircraft inventory still lists VP and VT aircraft classes. Only VP retains the samedefinition it was assigned in 1920. The VT designation now refers to training aircraft.The 1920 designation system established by General Order 541 was modified on 29 March 1922 by Bureau ofAeronautics Technical Note 213. It added the identity of the manufacturer to the aircraft model designation. Theaircraft class designations remained the same as those issued by General Order 54l (G.O. 541); however, besidesthe six aircraft classes listed in the order—VF, VO, VS, VP, VT, and VG—two additional classes were added: VA fortraining aircraft and VM for Marine expeditionary aircraft.The mid- to late-1920sOnly a few modifications were made to the Aircraft Class Designation System between 1922 and 1933. The Bureau ofAeronautics, established in July 1921 was thereafter responsible for changes to the system. In response to a Secretaryof Navy letter dated 13 February 1923, the Bureau of Aeronautics issued a Technical Note on 10 March 1923 thatA ircraft Designations and Popular Names 3
changed the VA training aircraft designation to VN, dropped the VG designation, and added the VJ designationfor transport plane. This was followed by the addition, in 1925, of the VX designation for experimental aircraft,which was dropped from the Aircraft Class Designation list in January 1927. In July 1928, the VM designation wasdropped and the VJ designation was changed from transport to general utility aircraft. Two new designations werealso instituted, VB for bombing and VH for ambulance. An additional class, VR, was added in July 1930, assigned fortransport aircraft. This designation has remained in effect for transports since then.The 1930sSimilar changes took place in the Aircraft Class Designation System during the early 1930s. By July 1933, there wereten aircraft class designations and this list did not vary much from those identified in the previous ten years. Theaircraft class designations identified in July 1933 were:VBBombingVFFightingVHAmbulanceVJGeneral SScoutingVTTorpedoA major change was instituted to the designation system on 2 January 1934. Prior to 1934, aircraft classes hadbeen established according to the primary mission the aircraft was to perform. The fact that many aircraft werecapable of performing more than one mission was recognized in the revised system by assigning an additional letterto the previous two-letter aircraft class designation. In the new three-letter designation, the first identified the type ofvehicle, such as, V for heavier-than-air (fixed-wing) and Z for lighter-than-air. For heavier-than-air, the second letteridentified the primary mission of the aircraft, using the same ten letter designations listed in the above paragraph.The third letter indicated the secondary mission of the aircraft class, such y assigning these five secondary mission letters to the primary aircraft letter designations, seven new aircraftclass designations were BombingVSOScout-ObservationVTBTorpedo-Bombing4 A ircraft
On the eve of WWII, the Model Designation of Airplanes for 1 July 1939 was very similar to what had beenidentified in 1934. There were 11 primary aircraft class designations and six others that included a secondary missionletter. The 1 July 1939 list included the following ransport (multi-engine)VGTransport (single BTorpedo-BombingVJRUtility-TransportWorld War IIThe designation changes for the aircraft classes and squadron system during WWII and the immediate post-warperiod are identified in the Model Designation of Naval Aircraft, the Aviation Circular Letters, and in the NavyDepartment Bulletins.By mid-1943, many new aircraft class designations had been added to the Model Designation of Naval Aircraft.These included:VAAmbulanceVBTBombing-TorpedoVSNScout trainingVLGliderVLNTraining gliderVLRTransport gliderVHHelicopterVHOObservation helicopterVDDroneVTDTorpedo and/or target droneZNNonrigid airshipZNNNonrigid training and/or utility airshipZNPNonrigid patrol and/or scouting airshipA ircraft Designations and Popular Names 5
As the war progressed, more changes were made to the Model Designation of Naval Aircraft. In July 1944, amajor change was instituted for the Aircraft Class Designation System. Naval aircraft were divided into three maintypes identified by a letter:VFixed-wing vehicle (airplane, glider, and drone)HRotary-wing vehicle (helicopter)ZLighter-than-air vehicle (airship)The three main types were then each subdivided into classes. Those under the heavier-than-air fixed-wing typeincluded:VF FighterVF(M)Fighter (medium or 2-engine)VSB Scout BomberVTB Torpedo BomberVO/VS Observation ScoutVPB(HL)Patrol Bomber (heavy or 4-engine landplane)VPB(HS)Patrol Bomber (heavy or 4-engine seaplane)VPB(ML)Patrol Bomber (medium or 2-engine landplane)VPB(MS)Patrol Bomber (medium or 2-engine seaplane)VR(HL)Transport (heavy or 4-engine landplane)VR(HS)Transport (heavy or 4-engine seaplane)VR(ML)Transport (medium or 2-engine landplane)VR(MS)Transport (medium or 2-engine seaplane)VJ(M)Utility (medium or 2-engine)VJ UtilityVN TrainingVSN TrainingVSN(M) Training (2-engine)VK DroneVKNDrone (target training)VL GliderVLN Glider (training)VLR Glider (transport)The helicopter type (H) had the following classes:HOHelicopter (observation)HNHelicopter (training)HRHelicopter (transport)The lighter-than-air type (Z) had the following classes:ZNNonrigid airshipZNNNonrigid airship (training)ZNPNonrigid airship (patrol and escort)6 A ircraft
This July 1944 change to the Model Designation of Naval Aircraft was still in effect at the close of WWII andonly a couple of additions had been made, they included:VKCAssault droneHJUtility helicopterPost–World War II and the late 1940sOn 11 March 1946, a major revision was issued to the Class Designation of Naval Aircraft. Aviation Circular LetterNumber 43-46 divided naval aircraft into four types and assigned a letter designation. They were:VHeavier-than-air (fixed-wing)KPilotless aircraftHHeavier-than-air (rotary-wing)ZLighter-than-airV type aircraft class designations and primary missions PatrolObservationTransport purposesUtilityTraining purposesGliderPrimary Missiondestroy enemy aircraft in the airdestroy enemy surface or ground targetssearch for enemyobserve and direct ship and shore gunfireH type (rotary-wing) class designations and primary missions were:HHAir-sea rescueHOObservationHTTrainingHRTransportHUUtilityK type (pilotless aircraft) class designations and primary missions were:KAAttack aircraft targetsKSAttack ship targetsKGAttack ground targetsKDTarget aircraftKUUtility purposesZ type (lighter-than-air) class designations and primary missions were:ZPPatrol and escortZHAir-sea rescueZTTrainingZUUtilityA ircraft Designations and Popular Names 7
This order provided that “no changes . . . be made in the model designation of aircraft already produced or inproduction, except that the mission letter of all BT class aircraft shall be changed to A.” Thus, the SB2C and TBF/TBM aircraft remained in use until they were removed from the inventory, while the BT2D and BTM aircraftwere redesignated as AD and AM. These aircraft were assigned to the new attack squadrons established in thelatter part of 1946.In 1947 a modification was made to CNO’s Aviation Circular Letter No. 43-46 of 11 March 1946 whereby afifth class designation was added to the naval aircraft types. This was the M type for guided missiles and its classdesignations and primary missions -to-surfaceTVTest vehicleTwo years later, in 1949, the class designations were:V type (heavier-than-air, fixed-wing) ionTransportUtilityTrainingGliderAir defense and escortSurface and ground attackASW (antisubmarine warfare) reconnaissance and attackGunfire and artillery spottingAir logistic supportFleet utility supportBasic and fleet trainingH type (heavier-than-air, rotary-wing) classesHHAir-sea rescueHOObservationHTTrainingHRTransportHUUtilityK type (pilotless aircraft) classesKDAerial targetM type (guided missile) erwaterSAMSurface-to-airSSMSurface-to-surface8 A ircraft
erwater-to-surfaceTVTest vehicleZ type (lighter-than-air) classesZPPatrol and escortZHSearch and rescueZTTrainingZUUtilityThe 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, and 1980sDuring the early 1950s several changes were made to the V (heavier-than-air fixed-wing) type. The VG glider classwas dropped and these classes were added:VSSearchSubmarine search and attack (carrier)VWWarningAirborne early warningIn the 1953 the nine classes of the V type were further divided into sub-classes. These portSurface and ground attackVA (Int’d)InterdictionVA (GS)Ground supportVA (AW)All-weather and ASWVA (W)Air early warning (AEW) and ASWVA (H)HeavyVA (P)PhotographicAir defense and escortVF (Int)InterceptorVF (Day)Day, jetVF (Day)(Prop) Day, reciprocatingVF (AW)All-weather, jetVF (AW)(Prop) All-weather, reciprocatingVF (P)Photographic, jetVF (P)(Prop)Photographic, reciprocatingVF (D)Drone controlVF (FT)Flight testGunfire and artillery spottingASW reconnaissance, mining, and weatherVP (L)LandplaneVP (S)SeaplaneVP (MIN)MiningVP (WEA)WeatherVP (Q )CountermeasuresAir logistic supportA ircraft Designations and Popular Names 9
VR (H)VR (M)VR (S)VR (C)VSAntisubmarineVSVS (S)VS (W)VTTrainingVT (Jet)VT (ME)VT (SE)VT (E)VT (Nav)VUUtilityVU (Gen)VU (SAR)VU (Tow)VWVWWarningHeavy landplaneMedium landplaneHeavy seaplaneCarrierSubmarine search and attackSearch and attackAttackSearchBasic, fleet, and primary trainingJetTwo-engine, reciprocatingOne-engine, reciprocatingElectronicNavigationFleet utility supportGeneralSearch and rescueTowAirborne early warningAir early warningBetween 1953 and 1960 there was only one change in the V class and a few modifications in the sub-classes.The VG class, for in-flight refueling, tanker, was added in 1958. In 1960 the type letter for the heavier-than-air fixedwing class was still identified as V, however, it was omitted from the acronym for the class designation. The classdesignations for the heavier-than-air fixed-wing type and their basic mission were as follows:AAttackFFighterGIn-flight refueling tankerOObservationPPatrolRTransportSAntisubmarine (for carrier-based aircraft)TTrainingUUtilityWAirborne early warningThe H type classes for 1953 nerHUUtilityHCCargo10 A ircraft
In 1955 a new H type class was added and designated HW for aircraft early warning. This class remained ineffect for only a short time and was removed by 1961. The only other change for the H type during the 1950s was theremoval of the HC cargo class by 1961.The Z type classes for 1953 were:ZPPatrolZTTrainerThere were several changes to the Z type classes in the 1950s. In 1954 two new classes were added, ZS searchand antisubmarine and ZW air early warning. The other changes in 1954 included the dropping of the ZT trainerdesignation and modifying the ZP designation to patrol and antisubmarine. In 1955 the ZS designation was droppedafter being in effect for only a year.The K type class for 1953 was:KDTargetThis designation was modified in 1955 to KK Target Drone. Sometime in the latter part of the 1950s, the K typedesignation was dropped and a new D type was listed as remotely controlled tactical airborne vehicle. Within thistype, the class was identified as DS antisubmarine.The M type for 1953 was modified as follows:MTactical weaponRVResearch vehicleA Bureau of Aeronautics Aviation Circular Letter Number 25-51 of 14 July 1951 removed the guided missiletype from the naval aircraft types and listed only four types of naval aircraft. They were:VHeavier-than-air (fixed-wing)HHeavier-than-air (rotary-wing)ZLighter-than-airKTarget dronesThe Bureau of Naval Weapons Instruction 13100.1A “Model Designation of Naval Aircraft”, dated 17 May 1961,lists the type letter designations as follows:VHeavier-than-air (fixed-wing) [the V is omitted from the aircraft designation]HHeavier-than-air (rotary-wing)ZLighter-than-airDRemotely controlled tactical airborne vehicleRRotorcycleThe classes within each of these five aircraft type designations were:V type heavier-than-air (fixed-wing) classesVAAttackVFFighterVGIn-flight refueling ineA ircraft Designations and Popular Names 11
VTTrainingVUUtilityVWAirborne early warningH type heavier-than-air (rotary-wing) ainingHUUtilityZ type lighter-than-air classesZPPatrolZWAirborne early warningD type remotely controlled tactical airborne vehicle classDSAntisubmarineR type rotorcycles classROObservation (equipment)In 1962 a major change occurred in the model designation for naval aircraft. The Department of Defense(DoD) consolidated the aircraft designation systems of the Navy, Army, and Air Force. A new DoD Directive wasestablished that designated, redesignated, and named military aircraft. Under the new system, the V for heavierthan-air fixed-wing types was dropped completely and a single letter was used to identify the basic mission of thevehicle. The basic mission and associated type symbols were as follows:AAttack ircraft designed to search out, attack, and destroy enemy land orAsea targets using conventional or special weapons. Also used forinterdiction and close air support missions.BBomberAircraft designed for bombing enemy targets.CCargo/transportAircraft designed for carrying cargo and/or passengers.ESpecial Electronic ircraft possessing electronic countermeasures (ECM) capabilityAor installation having electronic devices to permit employment as anearly warning radar station.FFighter ircraft designed to intercept and destroy other aircraft and/orAmissiles.HHelicopter rotary-wing aircraft designed with the capability of flight in anyAplane; e.g., horizontal, vertical, or diagonal.KTankerAircraft designed for in-flight refueling of other aircraft.OObservationAircraft designed to observe (through visual other means) and reporttactical information concerning composition and disposition ofenemy forces, troops, and supplies in an active combat area.PPatrolLong-range all-weather multi-engine aircraft operating from landand/or water bases, designed for independent accomplishment ofantisubmarine warfare, maritime reconnaissance, and mining.12 A ircraft
SAntisubmarineAircraft designed to search out, detect, identify, attack, and destroyenemy submarines.TTrainerAircraft designed for training personnel in the operation of aircraftand/or related equipment, and having provisions for instructorpersonnel.UUtilityAircraft used for miscellaneous missions such as carrying cargo and/or passengers, towing targets, etc. These aircraft will include thosehaving a small payload.VVTOL and STOLAircraft designed for vertical takeoff or landing with no takeoff orlanding roll, or aircraft capable of takeoff and landing in a minimumprescribed distance.XResearchAircraft designed for testing configurations of a radical nature. Theseaircraft are not normally intended for use as tactical aircraft.ZAirshipA self-propelled lighter-than-air aircraft.The only type symbol not in use by the Navy from the above listing was the B for bomber aircraft. The Oobservation aircraft designation was in the naval inventory but was used primarily by the Marine Corps.Between 1962 and 1990 there were only two modifications to the listing of basic mission and aircraft typesymbols in DoD’s Model Designation of Military Aircraft, Rockets and Guided Missiles. These changes involved theaddition of the letter R for reconnaissance and the deletion of the Z type for airships. The basic mission for the R typewas an aircraft designed to perform reconnaissance missions.Even though a consolidated DoD directive was issued on aircraft designations for the Navy, Air Force, andArmy in 1962, the Navy continued to publish a listing of naval aircraft classes and sub-classes that differed slightlyfrom the DoD directive. However, the Navy did follow the new procedures for designating its aircraft, as an example,the AD-5 Skyraider aircraft designation was changed to A-1E. The December 1962 issue of the “Allowances andLocation of Naval Aircraft” lists the following classes and sub-classes for fixed-wing aircraft (note the continued useof “V” as part of the class designation and the failure to change the VG class designation for air refueler to K, as listedby the DoD instruction):VFVAVSVPVWFighterVF FBVF PAttackVA LVA LPVA MVA HVA PVA QVA QMVA QMPASW (carrier based)ASW PatrolVP LVP SAirborne early warningVW MFighter-bomberPhoto reconnaissanceLight AttackLight Attack (Prop)Medium AttackHeavy AttackPhoto Reconnaissance (long range)ECM Reconnaissance (long range)Tactical ECMTactical ECM (Prop)ASW Patrol (land based)ASW Patrol (sea based)AEW Medium (carrier based)A ircraft Designations and Popular Names 13
VRVGVTVKVW HTransportVR HVR MVR CAir refueler, heavyTrainerVT AJVT BJVT SJVT APVT BPVT PPVT SPDroneVK DAEW Heavy (land based)Heavy transportMedium transportCarrier transportAdvanced jet trainerBasic jet trainerSpecial jet trainerAdvanced prop trainerBasic prop trainerPrimary prop trainerSpecial prop trainerDrone controlThe only change to this listing occurred in 1965 with the addition of the VO class for observation. Between1965 and 1988 there was no change to the aircraft class listing in the “Allowances and Location of Naval Aircraft.”However, there were numerous changes in the listing for the sub-classes. The final publication of the “Allowances andLocation of Naval Aircraft” was March 1988.On 2 May 1975, the Navy selected a derivative of the YF-17 as the winner of the Navy’s VFAX competition fora new multimission fighter attack aircraft. The VFAX was designed to replace two aircraft in the Navy’s inventory,the F-4 Phantom II and the A-7 Corsair II. This program was reinstituting an old Navy policy, whereby, multimissionrequirements for attack and fighter, be incorporated into a single aircraft. Fighter and light attack missions hadpreviously been assigned to various types of aircraft, particularly in the period prior to WWII and also in the 1950s.The Navy was now reverting to an old policy and designing a plane with a dual capacity as a fighter and an attackaircraft to meet new multimission requirements.The VFAX aircraft was initially assigned the F-18A designation. A new model designation F/A (strike fighter)was established and assigned to the aircraft in the late 1970s. The Navy accepted its first F/A-18 Hornet on 16 January1979. The F/A designation was identified as a sub-class and listed under the VF class in the Navy’s “Allowances andLocation of Naval Aircraft.” Under the DoD model designation listing the F/A-18 designation is listed under both theA and F symbol designations as A-18 and F-18.The 1990sThe following is a list of the Naval Aircraft Class and Sub-classes used in the 1990s:VFVA14 A ircraftFighterVF FAVF FBVF PAttackVA LVA MVA HVA PVA QVA QMStrike FighterFighterPhoto ReconnaissanceAttack, lightAttack, mediumAttack, heavyAttack, photo reconnaissanceAttack, electronic countermeasuresAttack, tactical electronic countermeasures
VSVPVWVRVGVOVQVUVTHVKSea Control (wasAntisubmarine until 1993)VSPatrolVP LWarningVW ATransportVR HVR MVR CIn-flight RefuelingObservationVO LReconnaissanceVQUtilityVU LVU STrainingVT AJVT SJVT PPVT SPRotary-WingHFHAHSHHHMHLHTHRDronesVK DVK KASW carrier basedPatrol, land basedAEW medium, carrier basedTransport, heavyTransport, mediumTransport, cargo, carrier basedObservationReconnaissanceUtilityUtility, search and rescueTraining, advanced jetTraining, special jetTraining, primary propTraining, special propRotary-Wing, fighterRotary-Wing, attackRotary-Wing, ASWRotary-Wing, heavyRotary-Wing, mediumRotary-Wing, lightRotary-Wing, trainerRotary-Wing, transportDronesDrones jetThe Post-2006 PeriodThe publication “Allowance and Location of Naval Aircraft” was discontinued by the Navy Department and, withit, the end of publishing the Naval Aircraft Classes and Sub-classes. Consequently the DoD publication “ModelDesignation of Military Aerospace Vehicles” (DoD 4120.15-L) is now the defacto source for aircraft designations,known as MDS (aircraft Mission Design Series). The following lists of symbols are used to create the aircraftdesignators:Status Prefix SymbolsGPermanently GroundedAircraft permanently grounded (may be used for ground training).A ircraft Designations and Popular Names 15
JSpecial test (Temporary)NSpecial test (Permanent)XYExperimentalPrototypeZPlanning ircraft in special test programs by authorized organizations, onAbailment contract with a special test configuration, or with installedproperty temporarily removed to accommodate a test. A ircraft in special test program by authorized activities or onbailment contract where the configuration changes so drastically thatreturning to the original operational configuration is impractical oruneconomical.Aircraft in a development or experimental stage. A model suitable for evaluation of design, performance, andproduction potential.Aircraft in the planning or predevelopment state.Modified Mission SymbolsAAttackCDETransportDirectorSpecial ElectronicInstallation ircraft modified to find, attack, and destroy enemy targets usingAconventional or special weapons. This symbol also describes aircraftused for interdiction and close air support missions.Aircraft modified to carry personnel, cargo, or both.Aircraft modified for controlling drone aircraft or missiles.Aircraft modified with electronic devices for one or more of thefollowing missions:(1) Electronic countermeasures(2) Airborne early warning radar(3) A irborne command and control, including communicationsrelayFHKLFighterSearch and RescueTankerCold nnaissanceSTUAntisubmarineTrainerUtilityVStaff16 A ircraft(4) Tactical data communications link for all non-autonomousmodes of flight. A ircraft modified to intercept and destroy other aircraft or missiles.Aircraft modified for search and rescue missions.Aircraft modified to refuel other aircraft in flight. A ircraft modified for operation in Arctic and Antarctic regions,includes skis, special insulation, and other equipment for extremecold-weather operations.Aircraft modified to perform several different missions. A ircraft modified to observe (through visual or other means) and reporttactical information concerning composition and disposition of forces. L ong-range all-weather multi-engine aircraft that operate from landor water bases modified for independent antisubmarine warfare,maritime reconnaissance, and mining. A n aerospace vehicle modified for remote or automatic control. A irc
Under this new system the A-1 aircraft (the Navy’s first airplane) was redesignated AH-1, with the “A” identifying the plane as a heavier-than-air craft and the “H” standing for hydroaeroplane. General Order No. 88 also provided a corresponding link between the old aircraft designations and the new system: “The aeroplanes now in theFile Size: 2MB
Part One: Heir of Ash Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 .
specific designations assigned to each type of aircraft operated by the Navy. The F3F-4, TBF-1, AD-3, PBY-5A, A-4, A-6E, and F/A-18C are all examples of specif-ic types of naval aircraft designations which were developed from the Aircraft Class Designation System. Aircraft Class Des
TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD. Contents Dedication Epigraph Part One Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Part Two Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18. Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26
DEDICATION PART ONE Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 PART TWO Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 .
- B734 aircraft model added - B735 aircraft model added - E145 aircraft model added - B737 aircraft model added - AT45 aircraft model added - B762 aircraft model added - B743 aircraft model added - Removal of several existing OPF and APF files due to the change of ICAO aircraft designators according to RD3: A330, A340, BA46, DC9, MD80
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed
President Judy Harris president.sydneyu3a@gmail.com VP Education Anne Richardson vpeducation.sydneyu3a@gmail.com VP Public Relations TBA Treasurer Ivona Kadlec sydu3a.treasurer@gmail.com Secretary Pamela Frei secretary.sydneyu3a@gmail.com Admin Manager Lynda Cronshaw officemgr.sydneyu3a@gmail.com Course Listing Order Course Delivery Booking a Course Insurance Principal Officers . 5. REGIONAL .
