A Yurtiful Alternative “Humanure”
A Yurtiful Alternative“Humanure”What You Can Do With Your Poo!Written by Keagan and Sarah Kellogg of OurYurtifulLife.com
A Yurtiful Alternative“Humanure”What You Can Do with Your Poo!By: Keagan and Sarah Kelloggwww.OurYurtifulLife.com 2019ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Dedication:This Ebook is dedicated to our children- Firefly and Firenew. You aretruly the inspiration behind writing this book. We have had much poofrom the two of you!May this be a help for you and for the futureof our family! We love you both very much!
Table of ContentsWhat Is Humanure?. 5But. is Humanure Safe?. 7Composting Poo: A Step-By-Step “How To”. 9In Conclusion: Closing the Lid of this Humanure Guide.19A Yurtiful THANK YOU!. 20About The Authors. 21About Our Yurtiful Life. 22Resources. 23Disclaimer/Copyright. 24The End . 25
What IsHumanure?Humanure?Simply put, humanure is a great way to reuseyour poo. In modern American Culture, fecal matterand urine are often seen as waste products. How manytimes have you heard someone say “Just going to makesome compost be right back”? My guess is youhaven’t or if you have it is a rare occurrence. Morelikely you hear comments like “Yucky diaper”, “poopis gross”, or “don’t forget to flush!” more frequently.So what is wrong with this picture? Everybodydoes it so is it really all that bad? YES! Every timeyou flush a toilet you are flushing away two valuableresources that’s right- two! Not only is water aresource, but your poo is too!Humanure is a valuable resource that is madefrom composting human excrement (high nitrogen)with cover materials (high carbon) to create humus- arich compost. By reusing your poo (and your pee too)you are helping to replenish the soil with beneficialmicroorganisms. This completes the natural cycle thatwe were designed to have!What Is Humanure? 2019 www.ouryurtifullife.com5
“Normal” CycleThere are several things that we need to changeabout our thinking.You pick a plantYou eat it Human excrement is a Resource NOT WasteYou excrete it We can sustainably recycle a “waste product”into a usable resource for plant growth (plantgrowth FOOD)It goes into your septic,holding space or city sewer.It is treated as a hazardouswaste. Humanure completes the natural cycle brokenby the sewer system There are many BENEFITS to humanure such as No WasteHumanure Cycle Rich Humus/Plant food IT’S NEARLY FREE! (or it can be butif you want a nice set up it won’tcost you too much!)You pick a plantPlants growYou Eat itFertilize soilYou Excrete itHumanure/create humusWhat Is Humanure? 2019 www.ouryurtifullife.com6
Humanure is NOT Harmful!But. isHumanureSafe?While using your poo as compost may soundgross, during the composting process the harmfulbacteria are all killed. Humanure IS SAFE!It is very important to note that Humanure is notthe same as Night Soil. Night Soil is raw, untreatedhuman excrement and can contain very harmfulpathogens. Humanure has killed those dangerouspathogens by the use of good microorganisms Let’sget into how it actually works.How Humanure Works The composting process is what helps to kill thepathogens (bad microorganisms) while supporting thegood. Thermophilic (heat loving) microorganisms usethe poo and cover material to break down thehumanure into rich humus.A Composting Thermometer is used to check thetemperature of the humanure. This is important as aconsistent high heat is what kills pathogens andparasites in human excrement. The best temperaturerange for killing harmful bacteria is said to be 131140 F (55-60 C).But. is Humanure Safe? 2019 www.ouryurtifullife.com7
Why Temperature MattersKeeping a good temperature is very important forthe safety of humanure. The optimal range of yourcompost should be between 90 F and 140 F (or 32 C to60 C). This is because temperatures below 90 F (32 C)drastically slows down the normal decompositionprocess. However, if the temperatures raise above140 F (60 C) for an extended period of time, allmicroorganism (INCLUDING THE GOOD ONES!)will die.The Humanure Handbook Joseph JenkinsChapter 7: Worms and Disease pg. 144“Complete pathogen destruction is guaranteed by arriving at atemperature of 62 C (143.6 F) for one hour, 50 C (122 F) for oneday, 46 C (114.8 F) for one week or 43 C (109.4 F) for one month.It appears that no excreted pathogen can survive a temperature of65 C (149 F) for more than a few minutes. A compost pilecontaining entrapped oxygen may rapidly rise to a temperature of55 C (131 F) or above, or will maintain a temperature hot enoughfor a long enough period of time to destroy human pathogensbeyond a detectable level (see Figure 7.6). As pathogen destructionis aided by microbial diversity, as discussed in Chapter 3,excessively heating a compost pile, such as by forcing air throughit, can be counter-productive.”But. is Humanure Safe? 2019 www.ouryurtifullife.comBasically, a high temperature is created byallowing the humanure to be broken down bythermophilic bacteria and this kills the pathogenicbacteria, parasites and any other bad stuff.Allowing the compost to rest after thethermophilic stage for 1-2 years before using it willallow it to fully mature and break down into a beautifuland rich humus. There is no turning needed once thepile is established. Just let it sit and have themicroorganisms do their thing!Remember to look up“Humanure Handbook”by Joseph Jenkins formore information!8
Composting Poo:A Step-By-Step “How To”Here is a step-by-step section that goes throughthe humanure cycle.1. Setting up your compost binOne of the most important parts of any system isthe preparation and set up. Setting up your compostingbin is no different. Not only do you want to ensure youhave supplies to create the compost bin, but you alsowant to pick out the perfect location for your compostbin.LocationLocation location location You haveheard it before, but location is key. It is so important topick the proper location for your compost bin as youwant to ensure easy access at all times of year (a BIGdeal, especially if you live in frigid, snowy areas andwill be dumping toilets in the cold and snow). You alsowant to consider placing it near your garden or whereyou will be using the compost after it is ready.Questions to Ask Yourself: Where will you use the compost? How far do I want to walk when I need to flush the toilets? What location works well with my homestead design?Composting Poo:A Step-By-Step “How To” 2019 www.ouryurtifullife.com9
My mother always told me to “work smarter, notharder.” By locating your bins near your garden, youcan cut down a lot of labor later on.Personally, we chose to place our bins next to thegarden, just a short walk from the house. It isn’t too farin the cold, snowy winter months yet it is convenientand easily accessed when needed for the garden. Taketime to look at your homestead and find the “sweetspot” for you!SuppliesNow that you have determined WHERE you willput your bin, you need to determine what supplies areneeded. The basic supplies required are pallets, screws(or nails), a screw driver (or hammer), a shovel, andgrass clippings/hay/straw. We will break this down a bitmore below.Pallets- For our composting system, we used oldpallets that we were able to recycle for free. Check atbig shipping companies, construction places, orfurniture stores to see if they have any unused pallets.You could also check local sale sites likewww.craigslist.org. Each bin needs four pallets ifcreating a stand alone bin. We chose to create a threeComposting Poo:bin system which uses a total of ten pallets. Design thesize you need (or want) and then gather the palletsaccordingly. Remember, if you planned in a locationwith adequate space, you will be able to expand yourbin in the future as needed.Screws- this may not seem like a huge deal, butthese are what hold your bin together. You want to planon 12-16 screws per 4 pallets. This enables you to put3-4 screws per corner of your bin. You DON’T want togo overboard with the screws as you DO want it tocome apart fairly easily when it is done composting!Straw, Hay, Grass Clippings- This will be thehigh carbon “cover material” that virtually eliminatesthe humanure odor and encourages healthythermophilic decomposition. You want to make surethis is readily available whenever you need to “flushthe toilets.” You may consider leaving an extra bin inthe system for storing cover material. We use a tarp tohelp cover the cover material and keep it dry for futureuse.Simple Three Bin Compost System:Active Cover AgingMaterialsA Step-By-Step “How To” 2019 www.ouryurtifullife.comGarden GrowingWith MatureHumanure10
Set UpOnce Supplies are gathered, set up is fairlysimple and easy. First, using the shovel, dig into theground to form a small pit. This will help all thoselovely fluids to pool downward, rather than slosh out ofyour compost bin and into your yard. This hole doesn’tneed to be extremely deep, just 1-2 feet should do thetrick. By making this with sloping sides and removingthe sod, you encourage organisms from the ground tocome up and enjoy your beautiful compost!The second step is to secure your pallets. Simplyarrange them in a square and fasten them at the cornerswith 3-4 screws. This is by far easier with two people,but also doable with one. You want to make sure thatthe screws are easily accessible as you will need tobreak down at least one side of the bin later on to useyour compost.Composting Poo:Last step is to line your hole with a layer ofcover material. This allows good drainage and willhelp in the decomposition process. Be sure you place agood layer of 4-6” of material.A Note On Design:While we chose to use pallets in our compost binconstruction, there are MANY different ways andmaterials that you can use. Consider what you haveavailable and consider creating your own designaccordingly. Maybe you want to use wide boardsacross the front so you can build up the sides as yougo. Or maybe you want to put in four cedar cornerposts and use wide boards all the way around.The opportunities for unique design are endless.We have seen several varying styles of compost binsand see benefits to each. Our family chose this simplepallet design as we had pallets easily available and wewanted to make it all from reused/re-purposedmaterials. We encourage you to use what you haveavailable and don’t be afraid of creating what worksfor you!A Step-By-Step “How To” 2019 www.ouryurtifullife.com11
2. Setting up your bucketsOnce you have your bin (or bins) in place it istime to prepare your toilets. There are many variationsthat one can choose when going this route. What areyou looking for in your bathroom system? Ease,simplicity and portability? Modern design that maymake guests a bit more comfortable?The two basic versions to setting up your bucketare the “luggable loo” and the box toilet. After muchresearch we chose the one that we feel works best for usand that is the one we will address with greatest detail.However, figure out what you want your toilet to do foryou and choose whatever style best accomplishes that.The Box Toilet- The box toilet design is simplythat, you build a box that encases the bucket and has anormal toilet seat for comfort. There is usually a panelon the front for easy removal and emptying of thebucket once it is full. This is generally the more moderndesign that gives family and guests more comfort asthey are sitting on a “real” toilet seat. We have seenthese range from very simple rough boxes to ornatedesigns. The principle is still the same though a boxwith a real toilet seat attached to the top.Composting Poo:The Luggable Loo- Being the yurtiful folks thatwe are, we opted for simplicity and portability over“real” toilet seats. With the possibility of frequentmoves and wanting something easy, inexpensive and aclosed system (we didn’t want to have to put a coveron every time we flush the toilet or worse yet, carry anuncovered bucket that could “slosh”), we purchasedseveral luggable loo covers (you can find them HEREon Amazon) and several five-gallon buckets. These,(and our well loved squatty potty) round out ourbathroom system. Instead of building a box, yousimply click the lid in place, add a few scoops of covermaterial (addressed in the following section) and youare ready to go!Questions to Ask Yourself: Am I looking for portability or solidarity? Do I want a sleek modern design or simplistic? What type of easy access do I desire in my design? Do I have time and resources to build something? How much do I want to invest into my throne?A Step-By-Step “How To” 2019 www.ouryurtifullife.com12
3. Filling materialNow that you have your system in place, let ustake a moment to discuss your filler material This iswhat you will use to “charge” your system and to coveryour humanure. The filling material covers andeliminates odors by acting as an organic bio-filter.When applied properly (talked about more in section 4)it can eliminate both fly presence and any odor you mayassociate with human excrement!There are many different options and choiceswhen it comes to cover material. The top recommendedoption by far is sawdust and if you can find partiallydecomposed or rotting sawdust that is even better!However other options include peat moss, leaf moldand even grass clippings!SawdustAs we previously mentioned, sawdust is by farthe best, least expensive, and generally easiest availableoption. Sawdust that is fine (NOT wood chips orshavings!) and slightly moist works best as a covermaterial. Look for sawdust at a local sawmill. Finding arotting pile of sawdust is even better as decompositionis already underway!Composting Poo:It is very important to avoid use of kiln driedsawdust as it is very dry and also may contain harmfulchemicals. If this is the only option that you haveavailable, it is important to re-hydrate the sawdust firstin order to reap the maximum benefits of your organictoilet lid!Peat MossA more expensive option for sure but anotherhighly effective cover material is peat moss. If youdon’t have a good source of sawdust, then look for peatmoss at a nearby lawn and garden store. We wentthrough a time where we had no access to appropriatesawdust and had to buy bags of peat moss as a covermaterial. Not only did we find it to work wonderfully,but a bag of peat moss also lasted a very long time!*The only negative note about peat moss that we havefound so far is that this is not a very eco-friendly optionas it is not sustainable in the long run. But otherwise, if you don’t have access to good sawdustand your budget allows it- this is the best way to go!A Step-By-Step “How To” 2019 www.ouryurtifullife.com13
PEATMOSSLeaf MoldWhat is leaf mold? In short it is molding anddecomposing leaves. You know, the ones that have beensitting on the forest floor all year and are starting tobreak down or maybe you have a pile you raked andforgot about? Leaf mold is another excellent choice forfiller material which can often be obtained for free!Grass ClippingsDo you mow your lawn or have a neighbor whodoes? Where do all those beautiful clippings go? Well,one option is that they can be used as cover material inyour humanure toilet!The finer the grass clippings are, the better!Basically, we are talking about using clippings from alawn rather than fresh hay from a field (though thelatter may work in a pinch). Grass clippings are anothergreat option if you don’t have access to the preferredcover material of sawdust!Questions to Ask Yourself: What do I have as available resources for filler/cover material? Am I able to find materials for free or do I need to purchase some? Am I looking for a sustainable option or one that is most convenient?Composting Poo:A BRIEF NOTE .What NOT to use!Just as there are many options that are good andhelpful for your composting system there are manythings that are not we have tried a few other options(for various reasons) and found that wood chips,shavings and other larger cut materialsDO NOT WORK WELL!Not only do these NOT COVER your smellwell, they also DO NOT ABSORB extra fluids andalso DO NOT BREAK DOWN very easily so inshort STAY AWAY FROMWOOD CHIPS AND SHAVINGS!A Step-By-Step “How To” 2019 www.ouryurtifullife.com14
4. Using the SystemThis section may seem overly simple, but thereare a few important steps to using the humanuresystem we wanted to cover them briefly for any ofyou who may be unsure or want clarification.Charging the SystemWhen you first set up your system, be sure to “charge” the toiletby laying down a layer of filler material.This helps eliminate odors and absorb extra liquid.Eliminate on the toilet as needed. You do thissimilarly as you would on a water based receptacle, butwith more confidence and pride knowing that you arechoosing to be resourceful rather than wasteful! Wipe ifneeded (yes, traditional toilet paper/tissue can becomposted though unbleached/chemical treated is abetter option and we personally feel the best option isto use a family cloth system) Next, cover yourexcrement!How to Cover.often associated with other elimination systems. Let usbriefly discuss what proper covering looks like Basically if you have solid waste, COVER ITCOMPLETELY with your choice of filler material. Ifyou have liquid waste, COVER IT THOROUGHLY ifany liquid is visible after you finish eliminating Isn’tthat simple? By keeping a layer of filler materialalways on top in your bucket, you are creating anorganic lid on your loo which makes the entirehumanure experience EVEN MORE PLEASANT!The Final Steps.After you have covered with your organic lidand closed your toilet lid, continue on with your day inyour normal way (hopefully that means cleaning yourhands?) but with an extra yurtiful bounce in yourstep knowing that you not only have saved gallonsof water from being polluted and wasted, but that youare taking part in a system that will bring full circle abeautiful cycle as it was originally designed!But What if it is Full?Covering your output is a hugely important partSo you used the loo and its full what to do? Move on toof proper humanure hygiene. Not only does properthe next section and we will discuss how to properly and safelycovering eliminate odor, but it also can avoid the flies“flush” your humanure toilet.Composting Poo:A Step-By-Step “How To” 2019 www.ouryurtifullife.com15
5. Dumping BucketsFlushing your humanure toilet for the first timemay seem a bit scary, but it is a relatively simpleprocess. If you are concerned that you will be unable tolift and dump a full five-gallon toilet, then empty moreoften, for instance when it is only half full! Take a deepbreath (remember, your properly covered loo doesn’tstink!) and prepare for the slightly smellier part ofhumanure composting taking the dump A Brief Note on Dumping Mass:If you want to dump less frequently, or multiple partiallyfilled buckets, or are simply looking to add in a bigger massto your pile at one time then cover your finished loo withan extra thick layer of filler material, and cover the bucketwith an extra lid. Replace the filled bucket with a “charged”new bucket and set the completed bucket aside until you areready to take the dump!Preparing to DumpThe first step into preparing to actually dumpyour toilet is to prepare your compost bin. Take a“humanure only” designated shovel or rake and dig adepression into the current/active compost pile. Di
Humanure is NOT Harmful! While using your poo as compost may sound gross, during the composting process the harmful bacteria are all killed. Humanure IS SAFE! It is very important to note that Humanure is not the same as Night Soil. Night Soil is raw, untreated human excrement and can contain very harmful pathogens. Humanure has killed those .
WHAT IS “HUMANURE”? Humanure (human manure) is human fecal material and urine recycled for agricultural purposes via thermophilic composting. Humanure contains valuable soil nutrients that enhance plant growth. For these reasons, humanure should be recycled whenever possible. Human excrement could be a
“fever” as a reaction to human pollution of the atmosphere and human over-consumption of fossil fuels. When the internal human body temperature rises, the micro-2 The Humanure Handbook — Chapter One: Crap Happens
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Collectively make tawbah to Allāh S so that you may acquire falāḥ [of this world and the Hereafter]. (24:31) The one who repents also becomes the beloved of Allāh S, Âَْ Èِﺑاﻮَّﺘﻟاَّﺐُّ ßُِ çﻪَّٰﻠﻟانَّاِ Verily, Allāh S loves those who are most repenting. (2:22
Table 6-5: Preliminary Cost Estimate for Alternative 4D . Table 6-6: Preliminary Cost Estimate for Alternative 5B . Table 6-7: Preliminary Cost Estimate for Alternative 5C . Table 6-8: Preliminary Cost Estimate for Alternative 5D . Table 6-9: Preliminary Cost Estimate for Alternative 7 . Table 6-10:
CHARYBDIS V 76 ETRTO Alternative size 57 - 559 26 x 2,25 52 - 559 26 x 2,00 SCYLLA V 75 ETRTO Alternative size 54 - 559 26 x 2,10 50 - 507 24 x 1,90 50 - 406 20 x 1,90 DEFENDER V 93 ETRTO Alternative size 60 - 559 26 x 2,35 TRITON R 08 ETRTO Alternative size 57 - 559 26 x 2,25 OCELOT V 85 ETRTO Alternative size 60 - 622 29 x 2,35 54 - 622 29 x .
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