Federal Data Strategy Data Ethics Framework
Federal Data StrategyData Ethics Framework
Federal Data StrategyData Ethics FrameworkSpecial Thanks to Our ContributorsDecisions made with data touch every aspect of American life. The Federal Government uses data to solveproblems, develop and deliver services to citizens, defend and secure the nation, and support economic growth.Data’s benefits and risks are amplified by the expanding capabilities of digital networks, technology systems,algorithms, and computational methods that enable data to be easily collected, combined, manipulated, andshared.The Federal Data Strategy, delivered in December 2019, recognized the importance of ethics in its foundingprinciples. When the Federal Data Strategy team created the 2020 Action Plan, 1 they tasked the General ServicesAdministration (GSA) with developing a Data Ethics Framework (Framework) in Action 14 to help federalemployees, managers, and leaders make ethical decisions as they acquire, manage, and use data.To achieve the goal of developing a useful Data Ethics Framework for the Federal Government, GSA sought inputfrom a diverse set of stakeholders to maximize the Framework’s value and utility across the federal enterprise.To lead the Framework’s development, GSA formed an interagency team comprised of 14 government leadersfrom across government with expertise in statistics, public policy, evidence-based decision making, privacy, andanalytics. In addition, GSA received input on the Framework from the Chief Data Officer (CDO) Council,Interagency Council on Statistical Policy (ICSP), and the Federal Privacy Council (FPC). The resulting Frameworkwill help guide the ethical acquisition, management, and use of data for years to come.STRATEGY.DATA.GOVPage 2RESOURCES.DATA.GOV
Federal Data StrategyData Ethics FrameworkData Ethics Framework Development Team Trey Bradley, Strategic Data Initiatives ProgramManager, Office of Shared Solutions &Performance Improvement, U.S. GeneralServices Administration (Development Lead)Ken Ambrose, Senior Advisor for the CDOCouncil, Office of Government-wide Policy, U.S.General Services AdministrationMaya Bernstein, Senior Advisor for PrivacyPolicy, Office of the Secretary for Planning &Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health & HumanServicesChief Records Officer, U.S. National Archivesand Records Administration Ivan DeLoatch, Executive Director, FederalGeographic Data Committee, U.S. GeologicalSurvey, U.S. Department of the Interior Dave Dreisigmeyer, Interim Deputy Chief DataOfficer, Office of the Under Secretary forEconomic Affairs, U.S. Department ofCommerce Jeffrey Gonzales, Research MathematicalStatistician, Economic Research Service, U.S.Department of Agriculture Chris Grubb, Chief Data Scientist, Center forAnalytics, U.S. Department of State Lisa Haralampus, Director of RecordsManagement Policy and Outreach, Office of theMichael Hawes, Senior Advisor for Data Accessand Privacy, U.S. Census Bureau, U.S.Department of CommerceBarry Johnson, Acting Chief, Research andAnalytics Office, Internal Revenue Service, U.S.Department of the TreasuryBrandon Kopp, Research Psychologist, Bureauof Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of LaborJohn Krebs, Chief Privacy Officer, Federal TradeCommissionJustin Marsico, Chief Data Officer, DeputyAssistant Commissioner, Bureau of the FiscalService, U.S. Department of the TreasuryDaniel Morgan, Chief Data Officer, U.S.Department of Transportation Katerine Osatuke, Research Director, VeteransHealth Administration National Center forOrganization Development, U.S. Department ofVeterans Affairs Eileen Vidrine, Chief Data Officer, U.S. AirForce, U.S. Department of DefenseWith special thanks for the consistent support and meaningful contributions of the CDO Council, ICSP, and FPC.STRATEGY.DATA.GOVPage 3RESOURCES.DATA.GOV
Federal Data StrategyData Ethics FrameworkData Ethics TenetsFederal Data Ethics Tenets help federal data users make decisions ethically and promote accountability throughout the datalifecycle—as data are acquired, processed, disseminated, used, stored and disposed. Regardless of data type or use, thoseworking with data in the public sector should have a foundational understanding of the Data Ethics Tenets. Federal leadersshould also foster a data ethics-driven culture and lead by example. The Data Ethics Tenets are:1 - Uphold applicable statutes, regulations, professional practices, and ethical standards. Existing laws reflect and reinforceethics. Therefore, data leaders and data users should adhere to all applicable legal authorities. Legal authorities often addresshistoric situations and issues and may not keep pace with the evolving world of data and technology. Organizational leaders areencouraged to maintain up-to-date, comprehensive ethical standards regarding data use and staff are responsible for learning andapplying agency guidance appropriately.2 - Respect the public, individuals, and communities. Data activities have the overarching goal of benefiting the public good.Responsible use of data begins with careful consideration of its potential impacts. Data initiatives should include considera tionsfor unique community and local contexts and have an identified and clear benefit to society.3 - Respect privacy and confidentiality. Privacy and confidentiality should always be protected in a manner that respects thedignity, rights, and freedom of data subjects. In this context, privacy is the state of being free from unwarranted intrusion into theprivate life of individuals, and confidentiality is the state of one’s information being free from inappropriate access and misuse. Anessential objective of privacy and confidentiality protection is to minimize potential negative consequences through measuressuch as comprehensive risk assessments, disclosure avoidance, and upholding data governance standards. Data activities involvingindividual privacy should align with the Fair Information Practice Principles (FIPPs).4 - Act with honesty, integrity, and humility. All federal leaders and data users are expected to exhibit honesty and integrity intheir work with data, regardless of job title, role, or data responsibilities. Federal leaders and data users should not perform orcondone unethical data behaviors. When sharing data and findings, personnel should report information accurately and presentany data limitations, known biases, and methods of analysis that apply. It should also be recognized that no dataset can fullyrepresent all facets of a person, community, or issue. Federal leaders and data users are expected to have humility whenpresenting data, be open to feedback, and when possible invite discussion with the public. In addition, federal data users shouldaccurately represent their abilities when working with data.5 - Hold oneself and others accountable. Accountability requires that anyone acquiring, managing, or using data be aware ofstakeholders and be responsible to them, as appropriate. Remaining accountable includes the responsible handling of classifiedand controlled information, upholding data use agreements made with data providers, minimizing data collection, informingindividuals and organizations of the potential uses of their data, and allowing for public access, amendment, and contestability todata and findings, where appropriate.6 - Promote transparency. Individuals, organizations, and communities benefit when the ethical decision-making process is astransparent as possible to stakeholders. Transparency depends on clear communication of all aspects of data activities andappropriate engagement with data stakeholders. Promoting transparency requires engaging stakeholders through easilyaccessible feedback channels and providing timely updates on the progress and outcomes of data use.7 - Stay informed of developments in the fields of data management and data science. Advanced technologies provide greatbenefit to the public sector, but should be deployed with a commitment to accountability and risk mitigation. While traditionaldata use and analysis can introduce bias, emerging systems, technologies, and techniques require additional awareness andoversight because they can increase opportunities for bias. It is critical to remain informed of developments in the fields of datamanagement and data science, especially as advanced methods impact future data collection, management, and use. In addition,new data innovations (e.g., systems, solutions, computational methods) emerge every day, increasing the importance for federa lleaders and employees working with data to keep abreast of market innovations and learn how to ethically use new methods.Note: The Framework is a “living” resource and to be updated by the CDO Council and ICSP every 24 months.STRATEGY.DATA.GOVPage 4RESOURCES.DATA.GOV
Federal Data StrategyData Ethics FrameworkContentOverview of Data Ethics Framework. 6Background. 6Introduction. 6Benefits of Data Ethics. 7About the Data Ethics Framework. 8Purpose. 8Audience . 8Data Ethics Defined . 9Application of Data Ethics . 9Data Ethics Tenets . 101.Uphold Applicable Statutes, Regulations, Professional Practices, and Ethical Standards. 112.Respect the Public, Individuals, and Communities . 123.Respect Privacy and Confidentiality . 134.Act with Honesty, Integrity, and Humility. 155.Hold Oneself and Others Accountable . 176.Promote Transparency. 197.Stay Informed of Developments in the Fields of Data Management and Data Science . 20Data Ethics Tenets in Action. 22Use Cases . 221.Use Case: Artificial Intelligence & Bias . 222.Use Case: Dissemination & Impacts . 25End Notes . 28STRATEGY.DATA.GOVPage 5RESOURCES.DATA.GOV
Federal Data StrategyData Ethics FrameworkOverview of Data Ethics FrameworkBackgroundAlthough sometimes described as the new oil, because of the way data, anddata science, are revolutionizing society just as fossil fuels did earlier, data haveunique properties, leading to correspondingly unique ethical challenges Suchconsiderations do not permit simple formulaic answers, since these must becontext-dependent and dynamic. Instead, solutions must be principles-based,with higher-level considerations guiding decisions in any particular context.- David J. Hand, Hand Writing: Right, legitimate and proper? The new world of data ethics2The United States Federal Government is one of the biggest producers and users of data in the world. Theexchange of information—or data—with government is necessary for regular tasks, such as renewing a passport,signing up for public assistance programs, and filing taxes. While Americans prize their personal privacy, they arealso willing to give information about themselves if it drives a service or concrete public benefit, such as sharinglocation data to support emergency responders.Similar to entities worldwide, the functions of the Federal Government rely on data for daily operation,management, and improvement. The ways in which data are collected, linked, analyzed, and shared presenttremendous opportunities for government. However, these opportunities are accompanied by significant risks—sometimes unforeseen—to the individuals and communities the government serves. International, state, andlocal governments, as well as private companies, are making significant strides in the field of data ethics topreserve the benefits and mitigate the risks of data use. The Federal Government plays a critical role in settingthe example of ethical oversight by making responsible data decisions and supporting proven values thatpromote the public good.IntroductionThe Federal Data Strategy, delivered in December 2019, recognized the importance of ethics in its foundingprinciples. The Federal Data Strategy 2020 Action Plan required the development of a Data Ethics Framework(Framework) that is intended to help agency employees, managers, and leaders make ethical decisions as theyacquire, manage, and use data. The Framework and its Tenets are a “living” resource and are to be updated bythe CDO Council and ICSP every 24 months to ensure the Framework remains current.The Framework applies to all data types and data uses and incorporates the input and terminology fromstakeholders representing many domains, who use different types of data in different ways. The developers ofthe Framework recognize that some terms may be used differently, depending on the context, type of dat abeing used, and stage in the data lifecycle.STRATEGY.DATA.GOVPage 6RESOURCES.DATA.GOV
Federal Data StrategyData Ethics FrameworkThe Framework consists of four parts: About the Data Ethics Framework outlines the intended purpose and audience of this document. Data Ethics Defined explores the meaning of the term “data ethics,” as background to the Tenetsprovided in the following section. Data Ethics Tenets provides the seven Tenets, or high-level principles, for using data ethically within theFederal Government. Data Ethics Tenets in Action contains use cases demonstrating how the Tenets guide data activitieswithin federal agencies and federally sponsored programs.Benefits of Data EthicsThe Data Ethics Framework guides the data activities of agencies, providing the foundation for the ethicalacquisition, management, and use of data for any federal purpose. Although the ethical challenges that comewith data use are many, integrating the Framework’s guidance into everyday agency activities will help matureethical decision-making processes and support benefits across the Federal Government.Application and use of the Framework drives the following benefits: Consistency. All federal leaders and data users reference an agreed-upon set of Tenets that helpnavigate the ethical considerations of data use. Personnel from different domains and fulfilling differentroles apply the same foundational ethical considerations. Better, Data-Driven Decisions. Federal organizations support the use of data-driven decisions forrelevant and appropriate purposes. They apply data methods and processes that uncover datalimitations, gaps, and biases; facilitate justifiable decisions with data; and communicate known datalimitations to promote transparency. Risk Mitigation. Federal organizations identify, assess, and manage the potential impacts of dataactivities at each phase of the data and project lifecycle. Federal organizations deploy a proactiveapproach to data ethics, enabling the effective use of time and resources on their projects and reducingthe long-term costs associated with ineffective services and remediation efforts. Increased Transparency. Federal organizations ensure they document and communicate trustworthydata processes to increase the transparency of their data collection, testing, use, and disseminationactivities. Transparency is grounded in clear communication of all aspects of data activities andappropriate engagement with data stakeholders. Consideration of Wider Perspectives. Federal organizations promote collaboration across internal andexternal stakeholder groups to better understand data subjects and the impacts of data use. Obtaining awider perspective also enables data users to better address potential sources of bias. Improved Public Trust. Federal organizations engender public trust through comprehensive stakeholderengagement, ensuring accountability across the data lifecycle, and reinforcing protocols to protect theprivacy, confidentiality, civil rights, and civil liberties of data subjects.STRATEGY.DATA.GOVPage 7RESOURCES.DATA.GOV
Federal Data StrategyData Ethics FrameworkAbout the Data Ethics FrameworkPurposeThe Framework’s purpose is to guide federal leaders and data users as they make ethical decisions whenacquiring, managing, and using data to support their agency’s mission. The Framework does not includerequirements or mandates of its own, but rather provides guidance in the form of Tenets to encourage ethicaldecision making at all levels of the Federal Government.AudienceThe Framework is intended for use by anyone in the FederalGovernment who works with or leads work involving data,including employees, contractors, grantees, researchers, andother partners who work on behalf of or as an agent of thegovernment. The ethical use of data is both an individual andorganizational responsibility, involving many stakeholdergroups that can be internal or external to an agency.Figure 1: Data Lifecycle adopted from OMBCircular A-130, Managing Information as aStrategic ResourceIn particular, the Framework is relevant to those who workwith data during any stage of the data lifecycle, shown inFigure 1, including collecting, processing, disseminating,using, or storing and disposing of data. This includes: Organizational leaders, including Chief Data Officers(CDOs), Statistical Officials, Evaluation Officers (EOs)heads of agencies, senior executives, and supervisors Data practitioners, such as statisticians, dataanalysts, database professionals, and data scientists Program evaluators and operational employees whocollect, use, manage, and report data for regularprogram operations Policymakers and those advising decision makers Data stewards, including both those who manage data for programmatic purposes and those whomanage administrative data, such as human resource employees Public relations officials, communications employees, and agency representatives who presentinformation and data to the public Data consumers, such as other agencies, communities, or the public Research grant recipients across all disciplinesSTRATEGY.DATA.GOVPage 8RESOURCES.DATA.GOV
Federal Data StrategyData Ethics FrameworkData Ethics DefinedIn the simplest terms, data refer to factual information, such as measurements or statistics, used as a
Federal Data Strategy Data Ethics Framework STRATEGY.DATA.GOV Page 7 RESOURCES.DATA.GOV The Framework consists of four parts: About the Data Ethics Framework outlines the intended purpose and audience of this document. Data Ethics Defined explores the meaning of the term “data ethics,” as background to the Tenets provided in the following section.
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Intro in Medical Ethics Module 279-17-C Regulations, Standards and Ethics Unit C 17.6 Trends in Medical Research Ethics 17.6.0 Intro in Medical Ethics dr. Chris R. Mol, BME, NORTEC, 2015 What is medical ethics Basic principles . PowerPoint-presentatie Author: Chris Mol
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