A Patient's Guide To Adhesive Capsulitis

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A Patient's Guide to Adhesive CapsulitisAnatomyWhat part of the shoulder is affected?IntroductionThe shoulder is made up of three bones: thescapula (shoulder blade), the humerus (upperarm bone), and the clavicle (collarbone). Thejoint capsule is a watertight sac that enclosesthe joint and the fluids that bathe and lubricateit. The walls of the joint capsule are made upof ligaments. Ligaments are soft connectivetissues that attach bones to bones. The jointcapsule has a considerable amount of slack,loose tissue, so the shoulder is unrestricted as itmoves through its large range of motion.Many adults (mostly women) between theages of 40 and 60 years of age developshoulder pain and stiffness called adhesivecapsulitis. You may be more familiar withthe term frozen shoulder to describe thiscondition. But frozen shoulder and adhesivecapsulitis are actually two separate conditions.This guide will help you understand what causes adhesive capsulitis what tests your doctor will do todiagnose it how you can regain use of yourshoulderThe terms frozen shoulder and adhesivecapsulitis are often used interchangeably. Inother words, the two terms describe the samepainful, stiff condition of the shoulder nomatter what causes it. A more accurate way tolook at this is to refer to true adhesive capsulitis (affecting the joint capsule) as a primaryadhesive capsulitis.As the name suggests, adhesive capsulitisaffects the fibrous ligaments that surround theshoulder forming the capsule. The conditionreferred to as a frozen shoulder usually doesn'tinvolve the capsule.Secondary adhesive capsulitis (or true frozenshoulder) might have some joint capsule

A Patient's Guide to Adhesive Capsulitischanges but the shoulder stiffness is reallycoming from something outside the joint.Some of the conditions associated withsecondary adhesive capsulitis include rotatorcuff tears, biceps tendinitis, and arthritis. Ineither condition, the normally loose parts ofthe joint capsule stick together. This seriously limits the shoulder's ability to move, andcauses the shoulder to freeze.CausesWhy did my shoulder freeze up?The cause or causes of either primary adhesivecapsulitis or secondary adhesive capsulitis(frozen shoulder) remain largely a mystery.Some of the risk factors for adhesive capsulitis include diabetes, thyroid dysfunction,and autoimmune diseases. Anyone who hashad a heart attack, stroke, or been treated forbreast cancer is also at increased risk for thiscondition. But a significant number of peopledevelop adhesive capsulitis without any knowntrauma, medical history, or other risk factor.In the case of secondary adhesive capsulitis (true frozen shoulder), the problem isreally coming from something outside thejoint. Some of the conditions associated withsecondary adhesive capsulitis include rotatorcuff tears, impingement, bursitis, biceps tendinitis, and arthritis.For either type, an overactive immune responseor an autoimmune reaction may be at fault. Inan autoimmune reaction, the body's defensesystem, which normally protects it from infection, mistakenly begins to attack the tissues ofthe body. This causes an intense inflammatoryreaction in the tissue that is under attack.No one knows why this occurs so suddenly.Pain and stiffness may begin after a shoulderinjury, fracture, or surgery. It can also start ifthe shoulder is not being used normally. Thiscan happen after a wrist fracture, when the armis kept in a sling for several weeks. For somereason, immobilizing a joint after an injuryseems to trigger the autoimmune response insome people.Doctors theorize that the underlying conditionmay cause chronic inflammation and pain thatmake you use that shoulder less. This sets up asituation that can create adhesive capsulitis.With a primary adhesive capsulitis, treatmentof any associated risk factors or underlyingmedical conditions may be needed beforeworking to correct the tissues around theshoulder. In the case of secondary adhesivecapsulitis, it may be neces

The diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis is usually made on the basis of your medical history and physical examination. One key finding that helps differentiate adhesive capsulitis from a frozen shoulder is how the shoulder moves. With adhesive capsulitis, the shoulder motion is the same

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