Learn-/Training Document
Learn-/Training DocumentSiemens Automation Cooperates with Education(SCE) From Version V14 SP1TIA Portal Module 031-100Basics of FC Programming with SIMATIC S7-1200siemens.com/sceFor unrestricted use in educational / R&D institutions. Siemens AG 2018. All rights reserved.
Learn-/Training Document TIA Portal Module 031-100, Edition 2018 Digital Factory, DF FAMatching SCE Trainer Packages for these Learn-/Training Document SIMATIC S7-1200 AC/DC/RELAY (set of 6) "TIA Portal"Order no.: 6ES7214-1BE30-4AB3 SIMATIC S7-1200 DC/DC/DC (set of 6) "TIA Portal"Order no.: 6ES7214-1AE30-4AB3 Upgrade SIMATIC STEP 7 BASIC V14 SP1 (for S7-1200) (set of 6) "TIA Portal"Order no.: 6ES7822-0AA04-4YE5Note that these trainer packages are replaced with successor packages when necessary.An overview of the currently available SCE packages is available at: siemens.com/sce/tpContinued trainingFor regional Siemens SCE continued training, get in touch with your regional SCE contactsiemens.com/sce/contactAdditional information regarding SCEsiemens.com/sceInformation regarding useThe SCE Learn-/Training Document for the integrated automation solution Totally IntegratedAutomation (TIA) was prepared for the program "Siemens Automation Cooperates with Education(SCE)" specifically for training purposes for public educational facilities and R&D institutions.Siemens AG does not guarantee the contents.This document is to be used only for initial training on Siemens products/systems, which means itcan be copied in whole or part and given to those being trained for use within the scope of theirtraining. Circulation or copying this Learn-/Training Document and sharing its content is permittedwithin public training and advanced training facilities for training purposes.Exceptions require written consent from the Siemens AG contact person: Roland Scheuererroland.scheuerer@siemens.com.Offenders will be held liable. All rights including translation are reserved, particularly if a patent isgranted or a utility model or design is registered.Use for industrial customer courses is explicitly not permitted. We do not consent to commercialuse of the Learn-/Training Document.We wish to thank the TU Dresden, particularly Prof. Dr.-Ing. Leon Urbas and the Michael DziallasEngineering Corporation and all other involved persons for their support during the preparation ofthis Learn-/Training Document.For unrestricted use in educational / R&D institutions. Siemens AG 2018. All rights reserved.SCE EN 031-100 FC-Programming S7-1200 R1709.docx2
Learn-/Training Document TIA Portal Module 031-100, Edition 2018 Digital Factory, DF FATable of contents1Goal . 52Prerequisite. 53Required hardware and software . 64Theory . 74.1Operating system and application program .74.2Organization blocks .84.3Process image and cyclic program processing .94.4Functions. 114.5Function blocks and instance data blocks . 124.6Global data blocks . 134.7Library-compatible logic blocks . 144.8Programming languages . 155Task . 166Planning. 1676.1EMERGENCY STOP . 166.2Manual mode – Conveyor motor in manual mode . 166.3Technology diagram . 176.4Reference list . 18Structured step-by-step instructions. 197.1Retrieve an existing project . 197.2Create a new tag table. 207.3Create new tags within a tag table . 227.4Import "Tag table sorting station" . 237.5Create function FC1 "MOTOR MANUAL" for the conveyor motor in manual mode . 277.6Define the Interface of function FC1 "MOTOR MANUAL" . 297.7Program FC1: MOTOR MANUAL. 327.8Program the organization block OB1 – Control conveyor tracking forwards in manual mode . 397.9Save and compile the program . 447.10Download the program.457.11Monitor program blocks .467.12Archive the project . 487.13Checklist. 49For unrestricted use in educational / R&D institutions. Siemens AG 2018. All rights reserved.SCE EN 031-100 FC-Programming S7-1200 R1709.docx3
Learn-/Training Document TIA Portal Module 031-100, Edition 2018 Digital Factory, DF FA89Exercise . 508.1Task – Exercise . 508.2Technology diagram . 508.3Reference list . 518.4Planning . 518.5Checklist – Exercise . 52Additional information . 53For unrestricted use in educational / R&D institutions. Siemens AG 2018. All rights reserved.SCE EN 031-100 FC-Programming S7-1200 R1709.docx4
Learn-/Training Document TIA Portal Module 031-100, Edition 2018 Digital Factory, DF FABasics of FC Programming1GoalIn this chapter, you will get to know the basic elements of a control program – the organizationblocks (OBs), functions (FCs), function blocks (FBs) and data blocks (DBs). In addition, youwill be introduced to library-compatible function und function block programming. You will get toknow the Function Block Diagram (FBD) programming language and use it to program afunction (FC1) and an organization block (OB1).The SIMATIC S7 controllers listed in Chapter 3 can be used.2PrerequisiteThis chapter builds on the hardware configuration of SIMATIC S7 CPU1214C. However, otherhardware configurations that have digital input and output cards can be used. For this chapter,you can use the following project, for example:SCE EN 011 101 Hardware Configuration CPU1214C.zap14For unrestricted use in educational / R&D institutions. Siemens AG 2018. All rights reserved.SCE EN 031-100 FC-Programming S7-1200 R1709.docx5
Learn-/Training Document TIA Portal Module 031-100, Edition 2018 Digital Factory, DF FA3Required hardware and software1Engineering station: requirements include hardware and operating(for additional information, see Readme on the TIA Portal Installation DVDs)system2SIMATIC STEP 7 Basic software in TIA Portal – as of V14 SP13SIMATIC S7-1200 controller, e.g. CPU 1214C DC/DC/DC with ANALOG OUTPUT SB1232signal board, 1 AO – Firmware as of V4.2.1Note: The digital inputs should be fed out to a control panel.4Ethernet connection between engineering station and controller1 Engineering Station2 SIMATIC STEP 7Basic (TIA Portal) as ofV14 SP14 Ethernet connection3 SIMATIC S7-1200 controllerControl panelFor unrestricted use in educational / R&D institutions. Siemens AG 2018. All rights reserved.SCE EN 031-100 FC-Programming S7-1200 R1709.docx6
Learn-/Training Document TIA Portal Module 031-100, Edition 2018 Digital Factory, DF FA4Theory4.1Operating system and application programEvery controller (CPU) contains an operating system, which organizes all functions andsequences of the CPU that are not associated with a specific control task. The tasks of theoperating system include the following: Performing a warm restart Updating the process image of the inputs and output Cyclically calling the user program Detecting interrupts and calling interrupt OBs Detecting and handling errors Managing memory areasThe operating system is an integral component of the CPU and comes pre-installed.The user program contains all functions that are necessary for executing your specificautomation task. The tasks of the user program include the following: Checking the basic requirements for a warm restart using startup OBs Processing of process data, i.e. activation of output signals as a function of the input signalstates Reaction to interrupts and interrupt inputs Error handling during normal program executionFor unrestricted use in educational / R&D institutions. Siemens AG 2018. All rights reserved.SCE EN 031-100 FC-Programming S7-1200 R1709.docx7
Learn-/Training Document TIA Portal Module 031-100, Edition 2018 Digital Factory, DF FA4.2Organization blocksOrganization blocks (OBs) form the interface between the operating system of the controller(CPU) and the application program. They are called from the operating system and control thefollowing operations: Cyclic program processing (e.g. OB1) Startup characteristics of the controller Interrupt-driven program processing Error handlingA project must have, at a minimum, an organization block for cyclic program processing. AnOB is called by a start event as shown in Figure 1. In addition, the individual OBs have definedpriorities so that, for example, an OB82 for error handling can interrupt the cyclic OB1.Startup routineON (Run)OB 100 Warm restart Cyclicprogram processingCycleOB 1Interrupt-drivenprogram processingOB 40 InterruptionInterruptInterruptionError handlingErrorOB 80OB 82 Operating systemFigure 1: Start events in the operating system and OB callFor unrestricted use in educational / R&D institutions. Siemens AG 2018. All rights reserved.SCE EN 031-100 FC-Programming S7-1200 R1709.docx8
Learn-/Training Document TIA Portal Module 031-100, Edition 2018 Digital Factory, DF FAWhen a start event occurs, the following reactions are possible:–If an OB has been assigned to the event, this event triggers the execution of the assignedOB. If the priority of the assigned OB is greater than the priority of the OB that is currentlybeing executed, it is executed immediately (interrupt). If not, the assigned OB waits until thehigher-priority OB has been completely executed–If you have not assigned an OB to the event, the default system reaction is performed.Table 1 shows examples for various start events for a SIMATIC S7-1200. Also shown are thepossible OB number(s) and the default system reactions that occur when the respectiveorganization block (OB) is not present in the controller.Start eventPossible OB numbersDefault system reactionStartup100, 123IgnoreCyclic program1, 123IgnoreTime-of-day interrupt10 to 11-Update interrupt56IgnoreScan cycle monitoring timeexceeded once80IgnoreScan cycle monitoring timeexceeded twice80STOPDiagnostic interrupt82IgnoreTable 1: OB numbers for various start events4.3Process image and cyclic program processingWhen the cyclic user program addresses the inputs (I) and outputs (O), it does not query thesignal states directly from the input/output modules. Instead, it accesses a memory area of theCPU. This memory area contains an image of the signal states and is called the process image.For unrestricted use in educational / R&D institutions. Siemens AG 2018. All rights reserved.SCE EN 031-100 FC-Programming S7-1200 R1709.docx9
Learn-/Training Document TIA Portal Module 031-100, Edition 2018 Digital Factory, DF FAThe cyclic program processing sequence is as follows:1.At the start of the cyclic program, a query is sent to determine whether or not the individualinputs are energized. This status of the inputs is stored in the process image of the inputs(PII). In doing so, the information 1 or "High" is stored for energized inputs and theinformation 0 or "Low" for de-energized inputs.2.The CPU then executes the program stored in the cyclic organization block. For the requiredinput information, the CPU accesses the previously read process image of the inputs (PII)and the results of logic operation (RLOs) are written to a so-called process image of theoutputs (PIQ).3.At the end of the cycle, the process image of the outputs (PIQ) is transferred as the signalstate to the output modules and these are energized or de-energized. The sequence thencontinues again with Item 1.1. Save status of inputs in PII.PLC program in theprogram memory2.Processingtheprogram instruction-byinstruction with accessto PII and PIQ1st instruction2nd instruction3rd instruction4th instruction.Last instructionPIILocal dataBit memoryData blocksPIQ3. Transfer status from the PIQ to the outputs.Figure 2: Cyclic program processingNote: The time the CPU needs for this sequence is called cycle time. This depends, in turn, onthe number and type of instructions and the processor performance of the controller.For unrestricted use in educational / R&D institutions. Siemens AG 2018. All rights reserved.SCE EN 031-100 FC-Programming S7-1200 R1709.docx10
Learn-/Training Document TIA Portal Module 031-100, Edition 2018 Digital Factory, DF FA4.4FunctionsFunctions (FCs) are logic blocks without memory. They have no data memory in which valuesof block parameters can be stored. Therefore, all interface parameters must be connected whena function is called. To store data permanently, global data blocks must be created beforehand.A function contains a program that is executed whenever the function is called from another logicblock.Functions can be used, for example, for the following purposes: Math functions – that return a result dependent on input values. Technological functions – such as individual controls with binary logic operations.A function can also be called several times at different points within a program.Organization blockMain [OB1]Calls theMOTOR MANUAL[FC1] functionMOTOR MANUAL[FC1]Contains a program forcontrolling a conveyorin manual mode, forexample.The function has nomemory.Figure 3: Function with call from organization block Main [OB1]For unrestricted use in educational / R&D institutions. Siemens AG 2018. All rights reserved.SCE EN 031-100 FC-Programming S7-1200 R1709.docx11
Learn-/Training Document TIA Portal Module 031-100, Edition 2018 Digital Factory, DF FA4.5Function blocks and instance data blocksFunction blocks are logic blocks that store their input, output and in-out tags as well as static tagspermanently in instance data blocks, so that they are available after the block has beenexecuted. For this reason, they are also referred to as blocks with "memory".Function blocks can also operate with temporary tags. Temporary tags are not stored in theinstance DB, however. Instead, they are only available for one cycle.Function blocks are used for tasks that cannot be implemented with functions: Whenever timers and counters are required in the blocks, or When information must be stored in the program, such as preselection of the operating modewith a button.Function blocks are always executed when called from another logic block. A function block canalso be called several times at different points within a program. This facilitates the programmingof frequently recurring complex functions.A call of a function block is referred to as an instance. Each instance of a function block isassigned a memory area that contains the data that the function block uses. This memory ismade available by data blocks created automatically by the software.It is also possible to provide memory for multiple instances in one data block in the form of amulti-instance. The maximum size of instance data blocks varies depending on the CPU. Thetags declared in the function block determine the structure of the instance data block.Organization blockMain [OB1]Calls function blockMOTOR AUTO [FB1]together with itsinstance data blockMOTOR AUTO DB1[DB1]Instance data blockMOTOR AUTO DB1[DB1] as memoryfor the callFunction blockof functionMOTOR AUTO [FB1]blockMOTOR AUTOContains a program for[FB1]controlling a conveyorin automatic mode, forexample.The function blockuses instance datablockMOTOR AUTO DB1[DB1] as memory inthis call.Figure 4: Function block and instance with call from organization block Main [OB1]For unrestricted use in educational / R&D institutions. Siemens AG 2018. All rights reserved.SCE EN 031-100 FC-Programming S7-1200 R1709.docx12
Learn-/Training Document TIA Portal Module 031-100, Edition 2018 Digital Factory, DF FA4.6Global data blocksIn contrast to logic blocks, data blocks contain no instructions. Rather, they serve as memory foruser data.Data blocks thus contain variable data that is used by the user program. You can define thestructure of global data blocks as required.Global data blocks store data that can be used by all other blocks (see Figure 5). Only theassociated function block should access instance data blocks. The maximum size of data blocksvaries depending on the CPU.Function 10Global DB(DB Global)Access for all blocksFunction 11Functionblock 12Instance DB(DB Instance)Access only for function data block 12Figure 5: Difference between global DB and instance DB.Application examples for global data blocks are: Saving of information about a storage system. "Which pr
SCE_EN_031-100 FC-Programming S7-1200_R1709.docx Basics of FC Programming 1 Goal In this chapter, you will get to know the basic elements of a control program – theorganization blocks (OBs),functions (FCs), function blocks (FBs) and data blocks (DBs). In addition, you will be introduced tolibrary-compatible function und function block .
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