Design Considerations Mexico Subsea Pipelines

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Design Considerations – Mexico Subsea PipelinesMexican Regulations, DNV GL ServicesDNV GL15 October 20181DNV GL 201715 October 2018SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER

Agenda12IDNV GL IN MEXICO OVERVIEW2MEXICAN INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK3REGULATORY OVERVIEW MEXICO, PIPELINES4DNV GL SUPPORT FOR REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS, PIPELINE SERVICES5PIPELINE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS6QUESTIONSDNV GL 201715 October 201824 October, 2018

3DNV GL 201715 October 2018

DNV GL in Mexico20 years in Mexico100 local employees4 Local Offices with head office in Mexico CityMulti-discipline TeamWorking in collaboration with ASEA, CRE,SEMARNAT (PROFEPA) in the process of creationof various regulationsGood relationship with SENER (Energy Minister),CRE, CNH, ASEA, SEMARNAT (PROFEPA)Authorized by Regulators to provide verification inaccordance with multiple National Standards4DNV GL 201715 October 2018

DNV GL Mexico AccreditationsStatutory VerificationBefore the opening of the upstream Oil & Gas sector and ASEA creation, theauthorities in Mexico used a statutory verification scheme to achieve compliancewith the different national standards required by the regulators, (i.e. SENER, CRE,SEMARNAT, STPS ).DNV GL in Mexico is authorized by the regulators to provide verification of thebelow national standards:Natural Gas Facilities:Electrical Facilities: NOM-001-SECRE NOM-001-SEDE-2005 NOM-002-SECRE NOM-003-SECRELPG Facilities: NOM-007-SECRE NOM-015-SECRE NOM-013-SECRE NOM-004-SECREPressure Vessels: NOM-020-STPS5DNV GL 201715 October 2018

6DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Mexican Regulatory InstitutionsSEMARNAT – Ministry of EnvironmentPEMEX – National Oil CompanySHCP – Ministry of Finances and TaxesCFE – Enterprise State Company forPower, Transmission and ElectricalDistributionSCT – Ministry of TransportationSTPS – Ministry of teCompaniesRegulatoryBodies7DNV GL 201715 October 2018SENER – Ministry of EnergyCRE – Regulator for Non- HydrocarbonEnergyCENACE – Energy Control CenterCNH – Regulatory for Hydrocarbon E&PCENAGAS – Natural Gas RegulatoryASEA – Regulator for HSERegulations

DNV GL Mexico – Current Regulatory Authorizations (new scheme) Authorized by ASEA to perform Probabilistic Economical Damage for Lossof Well Control (Only party to be authorized) Authorized by ASEA to provide Certification of elements of SASISOPA (Onlyinternational company to be authorized) Authorized by ASEA to perform Third Party Services for Upstream Under approval by ASEA to perform Audits of the performance of theSASISOPA In dialogue with CNH for 3rd party approval for Well Certification8DNV GL 201715 October 2018

9DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Mexico Field Development Typical Timeline – Licensing andApprovalsTransitionInitial ExplorationPeriodPhase1. Additional Exploration Period(3 Years)2 Additional Exploration Period(3 ctionFirst ExtensionPhaseFinal TransitionSecond ExtensionPhasePhaseWinner120 Days180 Days120 Days4 Years30 Days180 Days60 Days3 Years90 Days2 Years120 Days34 Years35 Years5 Years10 (Drilling)Exploration Plan10DNV GL 2017CommercialDevelopmentNotificationPlanActivity / val15 October 2018Owner / OperatorActivityApproval / Notificationby Regulator

Regulations and Governance Roles for Project PhasesSASISOPAInsurance E&EIncidents &Accidents noticeIncidents &Accidents RCAEnvironmentalBaselineSocial ImpactWinnerEvaluationWinnerSURFACE RECOGNITION,E&E OF HCE&EDEVELOPMENTPLANSDRILLING WELLREGULATIONSASISOPAEXPLOITATION OFNATURAL GASRESERVOIRQUANTIFICATIONExploration PlanDevelopmentInitial ExplorationPeriodPlanHYDROCARBONSMETERING11DNV GL 201715 October 2018Production

Regulatory Framework for Floaters in Mexico – DNV GL InterpretationProcess Plant:Studies for ALARP:HAZID, EERA, FERA, QRA Noise,Risk Based VerificationWell release and Spill (CFD), etc.(DNVGL-SE-0474) As if PROD Existing NOMs/Applicability(e.g. Pressure vessels,Electrical, Lifting appliances,Metering, dischargeASEARegulatoryComplianceHull, Mooring & MarineSystems:Class Notation Statutory12DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Typical Standards included in ASEA E&E RegulationsNORSOK N-006, 2ndEdition, 2015Assessment of structural integrity for existing offshore load-bearing structures. NORSOK N-006, Second Edition, April 2015.Equipment and MaterialsAPI 14AANSI/API 6AAPI 6AV1API 53NFPA31Specification for Subsurface Safety Valve Equipment. Twelfth Edition, January 2015.Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment, Twentieth Edition October 2010.Specification for Validation of Wellhead Surface Safety Valves and Underwater Safety Valves for Offshore Service. Second Edition, February2013.Standard, Blowout Prevention Equipment Systems for Drilling Wells. Fourth Edition, November 2012.Standard for the Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment. Edition 2016.NORSOK M-001Materials Section. Fifth Edition, September 2014.NORSOK M-501Surface preparation and protective coating. Sixth Edition, February 2012.NORSOK R-001Mechanical Equipment NORSOK R-001. Rev. 3, Nov. 1997.ANSI/API 12AOil storage tanks with riveted shells.ANSI/API 14BRecommended practices. Design, Installation, Operation, Test, and Redress of Subsurface Safety Valve Systems.PersonnelNORSOK S-006 HSEEvaluation of contractors. Rev. 2, Dec. 2003.PipelinesAPI RP 1111Design, Construction, Operation, and Maintenance of Offshore Hydrocarbon Pipelines (Limited Status), Fourth Edition, August 2007.ASME B31.4-2012Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurries, ASME for Pipe Pressurization, B31, November 2012.ASME B31.8-2014Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems, ASME for Pipe Pressurization, September 2014.ISO 15589-2Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries — Cathodic protection of pipeline transportation systems – Part 2: Offshore Pipelines,2012.NORSOK M-503Cathodic protection. Rev. 3, May 2007.NORSOK I-106Fiscal metering systems for hydrocarbon liquid and gas, First Edition, November 2014.NORSOK U-001Subsea production system. Fourth Edition, October 2015.NORSOK S-003Environmental care. Rev. 3, Dec. 2005.Production OperationsSafety Management SystemsABSChange Management for Maritime and Offshore Industries, February 2013.API RP 75DNV-OSS-30013DNV GL 2017Recommended Practice for Development of a Safety and Environmental Management Program for Offshore Operations and Facilities. ThirdEdition, May 2004.DNV GL, Risk-Based Verification, April 2012 and associated series of standards (301,302,304,306 and 307)NORSOK P-002Process System Design. First Edition, August 2014.NORSOK S-001Technical Safety. Fourth Edition, February 2008.15 October 2018

What do we have today? All Mexican offshore pipelines were designed, builtand operated by Pemex PEP Offshore production in Mexico started ca. 40 yearsago The pipeline network grew with the development ofnew fields and the extension of existing ones There are oil, gas and N2-lines The lines are not regulated (yet) and remainproperty of Pemex New pipeline capacity will have to be constructedby the new operators, which will be regulated14DNV GL 201715 October 2018

MEXICO ENERGY REFORM: THE TRANSFORMATION15DNV GL 201715 October 2018

New Mexican Revolution Rising Energy demand in Mexico Inexpensive, abundant US shale gas Drive to cleaner energy generation Falling gas production of Pemex5 year plan for to:16 Double the length from 10k to 20k kms Private investment of 10 BUSD Anchored by CFE contracts First private offshore pipeline US Gas Exports 2016: 3.7 B / 4 BCFDDNV GL 201715 October 2018

Energy Reform 2013 – opening & reformRound 1.4, Deepwater The Energy Reform ended 75 years ofa Pemex Monopoly in Hydrocarbonactivities We have had six license rounds foronshore, shallow- and deep waterfields that overall were consideredsuccessfulRound261.1, shallow 70% award rate/ 39 contracts/contractors/ 14 countries/ 49 BUSDexpected investment New Operators: Statoil, DEA, CNOOC,Chevron, Total, Murphy, BHP Billiton,PC Carigali, ENI, . New Regulators were established17DNV GL 201715 October 2018

New Institutional Environment18DNV GL 201715 October 2018

New Regulatory Structure19DNV GL 201715 October 2018

CRE – ASEA: Who is responsible for what? Regulates the midstream sectorfrom a commercial perspective Issues and enforces thecompliance with relevantRegulations (NOMs, DACGs) Issues and validates Transportpermits, et al Regulates and administers theopen access to transport capacity20 Regulates the HydrocarbonsSector related to IndustrialSafety and Protection of theEnvironment Issues Licenses to Operators Requires the implementation andupkeep of a SASISOPA (sim.SEMS) for all operators Sets Tariffs: Transport, Distr.,Storage Issues and enforces thecompliance with relevantRegulations (NOMs, DACGs) Oversees Metering activities Accident investigations (RCA)DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Mexican Regulations for Subsea Pipelines There are NO dedicated Subsea Pipeline Regulations in Mexico at thispoint in time!! For gas pipelines CRE and ASEA require compliance with the NOM-007-SECRE2010, which was based originally on ASME-B31.8, and does not address subseapipeline specific items. NOM-007 does not reference directly any International subsea pipeline code. ASEA has issued Upstream regulations and in Art. 73 they require that Pipelinesneed to be designed, installed and maintained in a way that industrial- andoperational safety is ensured and the environment protected. ASEA refers to API-RP-1111 as one of the obligatory standards listed in Annex 1of the Upstream regulations.21DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Mexico Offshore Development Summary Mexico has initiated a comprehensive Energy Reform and isopening up the complete hydrocarbons sector Gas demand in Mexico is expected to grow another 30% overthe next 10 years, more pipelines will be necessary An important part of the reform is a redesign of the regulatoryenvironment, including the establishment of new regulators andre-defining existing ones. De-coupling of commercial and Safety & Environmental aspectsand responsibilities Authorities regulating offshore pipelines are CRE and ASEA Currently and for the near future there are no specificOffshore Pipeline Regulations, what is used are NOMscoupled with international regulations (API, DNV GL, etc.)22DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Mexico Natural Gas23DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Codes and Standards-CFEThe Natural Gas Transmission System and the Carrier mustcomply with the following: The General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental NOM-007-SECRE-2010.Protection (Ley General de Equilibrio Ecológico y la NOM-001-SECRE-2010.Protección al Ambiente, LGEEPA) and its Regulationspertaining to the Ecological Code, Environmental ImpactAssessment, Prevention and Control of Pollution to theAtmosphere, Pollution from Noise Emissions, and ProtectedNatural Areas. Law on the Coordinated Regulatory Agencies in EnergyMatters. Hydrocarbons Law and its Regulations. Regulations of the Activities Referred to in Title III of theHydrocarbons Law Federal Electricity Commission Law and its Regulations. Federal Law on Metrology and Standardization. NOM-001-SECRE-2010. NG Specifications; NOM-007-SECRE-2010. NG Transmission. NOM-008-SECRE-1999. External Corrosion control NACE Standards ASME Standards ASTM Publications API24DNV GL 201715 October 2018

On-Shore: CFE Requirements- UV Gas Specification (NOM-001)Summary:1. Document review and Inspection (materials andcomponents in evaluation of Natural Gas spec).2. Verify Testing methods & ensure they are dulyvalidated3. Traceability4. Equipment calibrations and capability of personnel5. Documentation delivered by the manufacturer6. Procedure for installation, operation andmaintenance7. Results of testing and control statistics8. Field verification to ensure verified procedures areapplied.25DNV GL 201715 October 2018

NOM-007 (2010)7.1.2 In the pipeline design must consider aspects such as:a)Physical and chemical characteristics of natural gas, according to NOM001-SECRE-2010, natural gas Specificationsb)Maximum operating pressure, andc)Maximum operating temperature.7.2 Additional loads. a)live loads such as the weight of natural gas(consider the weight of water to effect the calculation), snow, ice and wind,among others;b)charges for cyclical vehicle traffic;c)dead loads such as the weight of the pipe, coatings, fillers, valves andother accessories not supported;d)stresses caused by earthquakes;e)Vibration and / or resonance;f)Efforts settlements or landslides caused by unstable soils in regions;g)effects of thermal expansion and contraction;h)Movement of equipment connected to the pipeline;i)Efforts caused by river currents or storm;j)Efforts caused at intersections with roads;k)safety factor for population density (F), in accordance with paragraph7.10 of this Standard;l)Factor joint efficiency (E), in accordance with paragraph 7.11 of thisStandard;m)26additional thickness by natural wear or corrosion margin.DNV GL 201715 October 2018HydroTest:A 1.25 times the MPOP location for class 1 and1.5 times the MPOP location for classes 2, 3 and4.Class Location based on No. of buildings andOccupancyTable 2. Factor design by population densityClass location1234Design factor (F)0.720.600.500.40Change in class location. Study required. When anincrease in population density it will cause a possiblechange in class location and should conduct a studyto determine register:

On-Shore: CFE Requirements- NOM-007Summary:1. Accredited and approved person2. In the absence of official Mexican standard orMexican standard applicable Internationalstandards3. Document review and Inspection (materialsand components in evaluation of Natural Gasspec).4. Develop Verification program consistent withConstruction/ operation.5. Document Review Design Materials and Equipment Construction and Testing Operation and Maintenance Safety6. On-shore pipeline27DNV GL 201715 October 2018

PIPELINE CFE, CREArticle 134 ofPoliticalConstitutionHydro-Carbon LawArticles 2 SectionIII, 4 Section XVIIand XXXVIII, 48,50, 51, 52, 60,65-75, 90, 12328DNV GL 2017Off-Shore15 October 2018MexicoTITLE 49—TransportationSubtitle B—OTHERREGULATIONS RELATING TOTRANSPORTATION(CONTINUED)CHAPTER I—PIPELINE ANDHAZARDOUS MATERIALSSAFETY ADMINISTRATION,DEPARTMENT OFTRANSPORTATION(CONTINUED)SUBCHAPTER D—PIPELINESAFETYPART 192—TRANSPORTATION OFNATURAL AND OTHER GASBY PIPELINE: MINIMUMFEDERAL SAFETYSTANDARDSUSABSEE & DOTNone(30 CFR250, 30 CFR192)

DNV GL service specification (DNV-OSS-301)WhyVerification Plan for offshore Pipeline To give industry guidance for developing a certification or verification plancovering all phases of new development projects based on many years of bestpractice in the industryWhatIdentifying and ranking critical elements Guidance for identifying and ranking critical elements of the project andprioritising verification activities accordingly. Describing verification process and the activities for each of the project phases. Detailed scope of work tables for all phases (except operation) and all level ofinvolvement.DNV GL 201715 October 201831

Offshore Codes & Standards DNV OSS 301 Verification and Certification ofSubmarine Pipelines DNV-OS-F101 Submarine Pipeline System DNV-RP-F102 Pipeline Field Joint CoatingSelected standards (ISO,Norsok, DNV, DNV-RP-F105 Free Spanning Pipelines DNV-RP-F108 Fracture Control DNV-RP-F109 On-Bottom Stability DNV-RP-F110 Global Buckling DNV-RP-F111 Trawling DNV-RP-F113 Pipeline Subsea RepairDNV GL 201715 October 2018StandardsAPI, ASME etc.)Frame agreement specificationsAPI 1111 - Design, Construction,Operation and Maintenance of OffshoreHydrocarbon PipelinesISO 13623 - Petroleum and natural gasindustries – Pipeline transportationsystems.ASME B31.8 - Gas Transmission andDistribution Piping Systems DNV-RP-F116 Subsea Pipeline System Integrity32OperatorFunctional and Operation &Technical Req'sMaint. Req's DNV-RP-F103 Cathodic Protection DNV-RP-F107 Pipeline ProtectionAuth.Rules & Reg.ProjectDesign premise DNV-RP-F101 Corroded Pipelines DNV-RP-F106 Pipeline CoatingsAuthorities

DNV GL CapabilitiesIntegrated services across the entire Pipeline life cycleSTRATEGYFEASIBILITY MMISSIONINGOPERATION &LIFEEXTENTIONDECOMMISSIONINGRISK MANAGEMENT ADVISORYTECHNICAL ADVISORYTECHNICAL ASSURANCE (Certification, Verification & Inspection)65%NOBLE DEBNTON MARINE ASSURANCE & ADVISORY65% of the world’s offshorepipelines are designed andinstalled to DNV’ GLs pipelinestandardOFFSHORE CLASSIFICATIONDNV GL 201715 October 2018

Project ReferencesOffshore Pipelines US GOMEXDNV GL 201715 October 201834

DNV GL Mexico Office Experience (Pipelines)Customers 100 differentcustomersPEMEX, GDC, Ienova,ICA Fluor, TAG pipelines,ENGIE, etc.Experience.Team with more than 200 years in local andtechnical knowledge 20 yearsin MexicoDNV GL MX Office haveearned more than 31.00MUSD with services relatedto pipelines.35DNV GL 201715 October 2018RegulatorsParticipate as invitedmembers for thecreations of severalMexican Norms. Goodrelationship with CRE,ASEA and SENERLocal Offices 150 colleagues4 offices (Mexico City,Villahermosa,Queretaro and Ciudaddel Carmen)Los Ramones I and II860 km pipeline from US to theCentre of Mexico up to 2.1 bcfNatural GasDNV GL Mexico was involved indifferent services in the biggestpipeline ever constructed inMexico PIMS Implementation Phase IISouthVerification Services (UV)Phase IInspection Services for steelplate and pipeline for Phase IIVerification Services (UV)Phase II North

Mexico Main Pipeline Projects36Date ofAssignationClient2014-oct-02IEPI México2014-dic-16ICA FLUOR, S. DE R.L. DE C.V.Implementation of PIMsLos Ramones Fase IIRBI / AIM / GaliomSan Luis Potosi Queretaro Guanajuato2014-jun-25Gasoductos de Chihuahua, S. deR.L. de C.V.Implementation of RBI with Galiom(Technical Advisory Galiom)Several GDC pipelines andcompression stationsRBI / AIM / GaliomCd. de México2006- mar-03Green EnergySupervision, inspection and Quality ControlEl Sauz - San Miguel de Allende,GtoVerification Unit Natural GasQueretaro2015-feb-03Gasoductos de Chihuahua, S deR.L. de C.V.Verification Services for the TransportSystemLos Ramones Fase IVerification Unit Natural GasVariousDNV GL 201715 October 2018Scope of WorkPipelineServiceInspection / Certification Services of material Los Ramones Fase II North andInspection / Certification Servicesof line pipeSouthLocationMexico/China

37DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Key Pipeline Design Considerations Pipeline routing, survey & Geotechnical Wall thickness On-bottom Stability Fatigue– VIV & Allowable Free Span Pipeline Thermal Expansion Analysis Bottom roughness Pipeline Installation Flow Assurance Shore approach design & River Traffic38DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Regulatory Codes & StandardsRegulatoryNOM-007-SCRE-2010NOM-001-SECRE- 2009Transport of Natural Gas (Mexican Standard)Specifications of Natural Gas (Mexican Standard)American Society of Mechanical EngineersASME B31.8Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping SystemsAmerican Petroleum InstituteAPI RP 1111Design, Construction, Operation and Maintenance of Offshore Hydrocarbon Pipelines (LimitState Design)API Spec 5LSpecification for Line PipeDNVDNV-OS-F101Submarine Pipeline SystemsDNV-RP-F103Recommended Practice for Cathodic Protection of Submarine Pipelines by Galvanic AnodesDNV-RP-F105Recommended Practice for Free Spanning PipelinesISOPetroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries – Cathodic protection of pipelinetransportation systems – Part 2: Offshore pipelinesISO 15589-239DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Code Allowables: API, ASME, DNVDNV40DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Wall Thickness Calculation CheckWall thickness criteria Burst Design– ASME B31.8, para. 841.1.1 (same as 49 CFR 192.105)– API RP 1111, section 4.3.1.1– DNV OS-F101, pressure containment Collapse design– API RP 2RD, Section 5.4, Hydrostatic Collapse– API RP 1111, Collapse due to External Pressure– API RP 1111, Buckling due to Combined Bending and ExternalPressure– DNV OS-F101, Collapse due to external pressure, local buckling41DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Pipeline On-bottom Stability Driving Forces– Inertia forces from the waves– Drag Forces from wave and current Resisting or Restoring Forces– Soil interaction and friction– Passive resistance due to penetration42DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Research Philosophies American Gas Association A.G.A program– Hydrodynamic tests performed at DHI in Denmark, key authorsV. Jacobsen et.al– AGA software that determines stability of pipeline based theability of pipeline to resist movement from a given storm buildup DNV-RP-F109– PIPESTAB, Esso Norge, Statoil & SINTEF, key authors R Verleyet.al– DNV GL Stablelines, PONDUS– Determines pipeline resistance based on absolute (no pipelinemovement) and generalized stability (allowing certaindisplacement e.g. L 5* D or 10 D)43DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Soil resistance Sand– Small dependency on density (except for sand with highcalcium carbonate)– Lower bound coefficient of friction 0.6 Clay– Strong dependency on density and shear strength,su ranges from 500 Pa (thick black water) to 70,000 PA (stiffTeflon)– Lower bound coefficient of friction 0.244DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Lateral Stability – How to obtain stable pipe Steel weight, higher WT increases the weight– rsteel 7950 kg/m3– But adds to cost Concrete coating, used to increase weight– Density: 1900-3400 kg/m3 but– Increases diameter (and loads) 40 -120 mm Partially or fully bury the pipe Trenching Restrain the pipe e.g. using piles or rock berns– Be aware of overloading (moment/strain) & fatigue45DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Pipeline Fatigue Strong tidal and bottom current Seabed conditions are very dynamic Scouring produces span gaps of lessthan a foot DNV RP F105 provides guidance forallowable span lengths to mitigateVIV46DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Allowable Free Span Length Allowable span length calculation is based on DNV RPF105 Allowable span length criteria:– Screen fatigue;– Fatigue– Response model (VIV inline and cross flow)– Force model (wave induced fatigue)– ULS (strength, local buckling) The designer’s calculation results were assessed with DNV software – FatFree, andthe results showed reasonable comparison.47DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Soil Springs Soil springs maybe developed using the following methods– Clay: American Lifeline Alliance (ALA 7/2001);– Sand: DNV RP F105, DNV RP F109, DNV RP F110;– Large Displacement: R. Verley, ASME-OMAE 1995; Vertical: linear or non-linear springs can be used in analysis Axial and Lateral: Effective frictions are generally developed basedon submerged weight of the pipe under different conditions, as oneof the contact properties in FE model;48DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Bottom Roughness Bottom roughness analysis (FEA) is carried out to serve thefollowing purpose:– Identify free spans under different phase (location andlength);– Identify high stresses in the pipeline due to bottomroughness;– Check if there is any global buckling issues; Finite Element models reflects:– Pipe structure and submerged weight;– Realistic material curve– Seabed roughness;– Pipe-soil contact (vertical stiffness, axial and lateral frictions);– Pipeline conditions (as-laid, flooded, hydrotest, and operation)with pressure and temperature profile;49DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Thermal Expansion Pipeline Expansion– Temperature: temperature differential withas-laid condition;– Pressure– End cap effect due to pressure differential(position);– Poisson effect due to pressure differential(negative); Pipeline expansion analysis was consideredwith:– FE method (non-linear soil friction, globalbuckling, seabed roughness etc. can beconsidered, more accurate);– Subsea Tie-ins50DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Pipeline InstallationDNV GL 201715 October 2018

Pipeline Flow Assurance (FA) Flow Assurance shall consider the following parameters– Pipeline elevation profile– Hydrate management strategy– Gas composition, temperature & pressure conditions for steady state and transientconditions– FA to support commissioning, N2 displacement, initial startup conditions Steady state and Transient FA calculations typically use OLGA & PipeSimsoftware programs52DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Near Shore challenges Severe environmental conditions. High dynamic and interaction betweenwaves, currents and sedimenttransportation. Site investigation, installation designand operation difficulties. Pipeline on-bottom stability throughoutthe design life, concrete coating. Environmental issues and regulations,buried pipeline, etc.The appropriate method shall meet technicaland environmental issues beyond themanagement aspects of costs and schedules.DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Pipeline other Design Issues Cathodic Protection & Internal Corrosion Inspection, Repair & Maintenance Integrity Management54DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Questionswww.dnvgl.comSAFER, SMARTER, GREENER55DNV GL 201715 October 2018

Oct 15, 2018 · NORSOK M-001 Materials Section. Fifth Edition, September 2014. NORSOK M-501 Surface preparation and protective coating. Sixth Edition, February 2012. NORSOK R-001 Mechanical Equipment NORSOK R-001. Rev. 3, Nov. 1997. ANSI/API 12A Oil storage tanks with riveted shells. ANSI/API 14B Recommended practices. Design, Installation, Operation, Test .

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