THE DRIBBLE, DRIVE, MOTION OFFENSE
COACHES - offenseTHE "DRIBBLE, DRIVE,MOTION" OFFENSEby Vance WalbergD.1D.2D.3page 20 35 2008 Fiba Assist MagazineVance Walberg is the assistant basketballcoach of the University of Massachusetts,and the creator of “Dribble, Drive, Motion”offense, a great and unique attack that hasbeen adopted by many teams in the UnitedStates. He was formerly the head coach atClovis West High School (Fresno, California) for 17 years. As head coach at FresnoState City College, his team won the 2005California State Community College title.From 2006 to 2008, he was head coach atPepperdine University.A PREMISENo matter what you like to call it, the "Attack-Attack-Skip-Attack-Attack" (AASAA)or the "Dribble Drive Motion" (DDM) offensehas skyrocketed to the top of the basketballworld since its creation in 1997. Just ask theNCAA finalist Memphis Tigers or the WorldChampions Boston Celtics, who have incorporated parts of the offense. The offense offers very few ball screens, along with verylittle play calling. There is nothing like thisoffensive set in the basketball world. The offense certainly seems a little radical, sinceit goes against what has been thought to bethe right way to run an offense. Instead, thisoffense leads to plenty of dunks, lay-ups,three-point shots, and just trying to flat outbeat your man off the dribble. Players loveto run the offense, coaches love to teach it,fans love to watch it, and every basketballfan should enjoy this breath of fresh air inthe game of basketball.HOW THIS OFFENSE GOT ITS STARTHow did this offense get its start? That question can be traced back to 1997 when I wasa high school coach at Clovis West HighSchool in Fresno, California. There, I had aproblem on my hands that all coaches wouldlove to have. I had two explosive pointguards in Chris Hernandez and Tyrone Jackson, two players, who could get to the rimanytime they wanted. The problem was thatwith traditional offenses, there was toomuch congestion in the paint and it made itdifficult for them to get to the rim. Like allmajor breakthroughs, I had to think “outsidethe box” and come up with something thatreally went against the grain. Spacing wouldbe the secret to solving this problem, andthe first step was moving the post man tothe weak side block. With the post man onthe opposite side of the lane, it really gaveChris and Tyrone the chance to blow bytheir defenders and get to the rim withouthaving to deal with sagging defenders. Nextstep, if either of the guards were picked upby the post defender, he would throw a simple pass to the post man for an easy lay-up.If one of the guards did not have the lay-upand the post man was not open, he wouldkick the pass out to a teammate for thethree-point shot. If the player didn’t havethis shot, he would attack again, never giving the defense a chance to rest. “AASAA”is not a fancy name, but it flat out describesthe offense best.“WE LIKE 3-POINTERS, BUT WE LOVE LAY-UPS”This slogan is attached to every high schoolor college team that I have coached. Forme, a perfect shot chart would have everysingle shot taken from right around the rimor a three-point shot (see the shot chart).Mid-range shots and long two’s have noplace in this offense. The goal for any teamthat runs the offense should be to spreadthe defense out and relentlessly attack thegaps. This is not a gimmick offense, but onethat has been thought through to give yourteam the best advantage possible, especially mathematically. Imagine you are coaching with 7 seconds left, you have the ball,and you are down one point. What wouldyou tell your team? Most coaches wouldsay get to the basket and try to draw a foulor make something happen. Well, this offense takes that same strategy for the full 32minutes in high school and the full 40 minutes in college.POINT PER POSSESSION CHARTTo fully comprehend this offense, you needto understand what “Points per Possession”(PPP) mean. PPP means how many pointsyou score on each possession that you haveduring the game. A possession is once youhave the ball and either score or lose it tothe other team. Good teams will score at aclip of 1.1 PPP. Now, to understand this, weactually break down what your team shoots
D.4D.5from each shot. Most people would say thatthe inside shot (lay-ups, offensive putbacks, steals for lay-ups, drives) would bethe best. Most teams shoot approximately60% from this area so that would put you ata 1.2 PPP for lay-ups (60% x 2 points 1.2).Next, the three-point shot could be a highone if you can hit 40% of your three-point asthis would put you at 1.2 PPP (40% x 3 points 1.2). Realistically, most teams are around35%, so this means that the three pointer isnow worth 1.5 (35% x 3 points 1.5). Anything above 1 is good and the three-pointshot falls into that range. The best shotthough is the free-throw. Teams usuallyshoot 70% from there and that would putyou at 1.4 PPP (70% x 2 FT’s 1.4). Thinkabout it: the two highest PPP are the freethrow and the inside shot. These go hand inhand. To get to the free-throw line you haveto attack the rim, so doesn’t it make senseto come up with an offense that gives yourplayers the best chance to succeed in thisarea? A very interesting side note is thatCoach John Calipari from Memphis chartedfor two consecutive years (205-2007) whathis team shot from mid range (13 to 19 feet)and it was 28%. This would put mid-rangeshots at a .56 PPP. Most teams usually shoot35% from this area and that still only givesyou a 0.70 PPP. The only worse PPP wouldbe the turnover, which is obviously 0 PPP(diagr. 1).THE GAPS CHARTThe goal for any team that runs this offenseshould be to spread the defense out and reFiba Assist Magazine 35 2008 Page 21
COACHES - offenselentlessly attack the gaps. I will now explainthe difference between single, double, andtriple gaps and, obviously, the bigger thegap, the easier it is to succeed. (diagr. 2, 3,4, and 5). To make this as easy as possible,the adjustment was made to have four perimeter players and one interior player always on the weak side block. Anotherdifference for me is the way I number myplayers. My 1 is the traditional point guardand my 5 is another penetrating guard(hopefully, taller). The 1 and 5 are penetrators first, outside shooters second. Thesetwo are the bookends of the offense. Theyare constantly attacking the rim. I originallyhad the big player take it out, but whenteams would double the point and the ballwent back to the big, it slowed down the offense way too much. This is why my secondpoint plays the 5. My 2 runs the right laneand the 3 runs the left lane (like most people). I hope that your 2 and 3 are shootersfirst, drivers second. If you play a secondbig, you can put him at the 3. The big man iscalled the 4 and this is the rim runner. Thinkabout it: what do most 5’s want to be? Usually, they want to be called a 4, so in this offense we make them feel good and callthem a 4, but they are still staying inside(diagr. 6).should happen, and if you got deep in the“Drag Zone” then you would look for thatoption. The beauty of the offense is thatwherever you drive, you will know whereyour teammates will be, and the spacinghelps this.THE “BIG THREE”There is a countless series of actions thatcan occur off this set and it all depends onwhere the ball is on the court and how theopponent is playing defense. However,when it all comes down to it, the offense isabout getting to the rim every time downthe floor and spacing properly.The “Big Three” of the offense would thenbe:! Mentality to get to the basket.! Open the gaps.! Keep great spacing.To help run this offense, the court is brokenup into different zones that are called the“Rack, Drop, and Drag Zones” (diagr. 7). Ifyou stop in the “Drop Zone,” certain actionTHE PLAYERS HAVE THE CONTROLControl is something that all coaches liketo have, but with this offense, some of thatcontrol is transferred directly to the players. Instead of coaches calling out setplays every time down the floor and seeingplayers run through the motions like robots,the players just play the game and react. Ifyou walked into any gym during a pick upgame you will not see players calling playsand running through the motions, you willsee them trying to penetrate and reallyshow what they have on offense. There arecountless stories where great playersstruggle with teams because they can’t runthe offense or feel held back by the offense; in the “AASAA” offense, that is notthe case. My philosophy is to teach playershow to play basketball, not how to runplays.COACH CALIPARI AND THE “DRIBBLE,DRIVE, MOTION”Taking a step back and really thinking aboutwhat is at the core of the offense, it is easyto see why so many teams run the offensetoday. The offense spread around the California area as each coach saw how well itworked and how difficult it was to stop.Soon, coaches all over the country wereaware of the “AASAA” and its effect on thegame of basketball was apparent. It wasnot until 2005 that the offense was reallycatapulted on the national scene. JohnCalipari the coach of the Division I powerhouse University of Memphis had just lostan Elite 8 NCAA game running this offenseand much was made of the offense. CoachCalipari was very gracious in letting peopleknow that it was created by a Junior College coach like me in California, who actually came out to see his Memphis teamalong with the Memphis Grizzlies practicefor a week back in 2003. I would take ayearly trek (19 years doing this) to visit adifferent college coach for the first week ofpractice to try to learn more about thegame. Coach Calipari went to dinner withme during the visit and asked him what Ido. My response was you really don’t wantto know as it is a little off the wall. We spenthours talking about my offense system andthe wheels started to turn for Coach Calipari. Over the next few years, John devotedhours of time trying to learn every in and outof the offense. John Calipari has been a tremendously successful college and NBApage 22 35 2008 Fiba Assist Magazine
coach and for him to completely change hiscoaching philosophy was a big step. At first,many people questioned his decisions, buthe took a page out of my playbook andthought outside the box. By year three ofstudying the offense and spending a lot oftime with me, Coach Calipari installed theoffense into his 2005-06 team and the rest ishistory. Along the way, the offense (AASAA)picked up a new name, the “Dribble DriveMotion,” or as John would say, “Princetonon Steroids.” No matter what it was called,one could say that Coach Calipari’s risk paidoff as his University of Memphis team hadthe most wins in NCAA history (for a threeyear span) with 108 wins, including two Elite8’s, and one very tough national NCAA runner-up title.IN SHORTYou won’t see me or Coach Calipari barkingout set plays every time down the floor andthat means we both have to do even moreteaching in practice to make sure that theplayers really understand the offense. Everysingle drill that is done during my practicesserves as a building block for this offense.Teams play the way they practice and thatis exactly why my drills are all done at ahigh intensity level and at a high level ofspeed. One key of the “DDM” is to weardown the opponent by constantly attacking,so it only makes sense that the majority mydrills are fast break transition drills. One ofmy most famous drills is the 3-on-2 Scramble drill. It is a continuous high intensity3-on-2 fast break drill where the principlesD.8D.6D.7D.9Fiba Assist Magazine 35 2008 Page 23
COACHES - offenseof the offense begin to get instilled into theplayers. Each of these drills is done with apurpose and when the players know this, ittakes their competitiveness to a new level.Speaking of new levels, that’s exactlywhere the “DDM” is headed for in the nearfuture. There are many high school teamsall over America that run the “AASAA,” including some of the best teams in thecountry. In New Jersey, coach Bob Hurleyhelped make his high school team, St. Anthony’s, to the best in the country runningthe “AASAA”. On the college ranks, theUniversity of Memphis Tigers used“AASAA” to take them all the way to thenational title game. In the NBA, there areelements of the offense that have foundtheir way to many teams, including theworld championship Boston Celtics. NewJersey Nets head coach, LawrenceFranks, has spent many hours with me andis intrigued with it. Running the offensedoes not appear to be just a passing trendor phase, but instead, it looks like its impact on the game is going to be felt foryears to come. Now I want to go into further detail and explain some of the optionsthe offense presents. What occurs in the“Dribble Drive Motion” is largely based onwhere the ball is on the court. I break thecourt down into different zones (as showedin the diagr. 7). The “Breakdown” Zone iswhere the offensive player realizes howfar he can get whether it be the ultimategoal of the “Rack Zone” or either the“Drop” or “Drag Zone.” Every time possible, we want to get to the “Rack Zone.”D.10D.11page 24 35 2008 Fiba Assist MagazineThis is where you get a chance for the twohighest Points per Possession (PPP) in thelay-ups and free-throws. If you can’t get tothe “Rack Zone” then you should stop inthe “Drop Zone,” which is the area on thefloor that really sets in motion a large pieceof the offense. I would rather have a playerpick up his dribble in the “Drop Zone” thanthe “Drag Zone.” The “Drag Zone” is thearea of the floor where a player is stoppedand looks to pass the ball out to the perimeter for a shot. If the pass is thrown to 3early in the “Drag Zone,” we call this a“Drag 3.” If you get deep in the “DragZone,” then you are looking to go back to 5,who dragged behind 1 once he passed the“Drop Zone” (called “Drag 5”). Remember,the goal is to have the mentality to get tothe “Rack Zone” for a lay-up every time.BASIC POSITIONING IN HALF COURT1 is the point guard who sets everything inmotion. He has to constantly attack his manand be able to get in the lane. If he can notget all the way to the rim, his goal is to getto the “Drop Zone.” 5 is your second pointguard or a taller “racker.” 1 and 5 are thinking: drive first, 3 second. 2 and 3 are shooters first and “rackers” second. They willhopefully stretch the defense out. I usuallylike my better shooter at the 2 and if theyboth shoot the same, then my better driveris at the 2. 4 is your rim runner and is thebiggest key for the offense to be successful. He has to constantly sprint the floor toset up the guards to pass the ball up thecourt to the wings. 4 is also the one whohas to really understand the offense and toknow when to “clean-up,” “T-up,” and “relocate” (diagr. 6).RACK IT!Previously, I talked about the three mostimportant parts of the offense, which I callthe “Big 3.” One has to remember the entiregame that the goal every time down thecourt is to “rack it” and get a lay-up or foul.I always want my teams to be relentless
getting to the rim. Here is what happens,depending on where the penetration starts:LANE PENETRATIONWith lane penetration (this is when youpenetrate the lane and the post is on theopposite side), the first and best optionwould be for 1 to get a lay-up, but, if this isnot the case, he has a few different options.If 4’s defender came to help on the penetration, 1 could throw a lob or dump pass to 4for a lay-up. Once 1 penetrates past the D.12“Drop Zone,” 4 goes into a “clean-up” modeand is awaiting a pass from 1 or cleans uphis miss, if X4 challenges his shot. Anotheroption would be if 2’s defender helped earlyon the drive, to kick the pass to 2 for thethree-point shot. Once 1 passes the “DropZone,” 2 has to be patient in his corner andnot elevate up. Once 1 passes the “DropZone,” 3 now “drags” and finds the openwindow to receive the pass from 1 (we callthis “Drag 3”). This is usually done early inthe “Drag Zone.” At the same time that 3 isdragging up, 5 is dragging behind 1 and, if 1stops deep in the “Drop Zone,” then he is D.13looking to reverse pivot and hit 5 out top(“Drag 5”), and then move out under 4’sscreen. Now 5 has the ability to penetrateany way he wants (diagr. 8).MIDDLE PENETRATION“Middle Penetration” (we call this anytimethere is penetration to the post side) alsocreates a few very different situations.When 4 sees that 1 is penetrating the middle, he immediately relocates to the opposite block looking for the lob or clean-up. 2goes up and is looking for the open window(just like 3 would on lane penetration) to receive a skip pass out from 1. 3 stays put inthe corner (like 2 does on lane penetration)and is looking to receive the pass from 1 fora three-point shot. 5 is dragging behindlooking for the pass back from 1 if 1 gets toodeep and can’t get the shot (diagr. 9).“DRAG 5”Whenever 1 penetrates past the “DropZone” and into the lane, 5 should always bewhat we like to call “Dragging” behind. If 1cannot get a good shot up or pass to 4, hewill always have another option, which isthe pass to 5 for the 3-point shot.This will always be open since defensesare taught to collapse on penetration (diagr.10).“DRAG 3”This is a “Drag 3,” where 1 gets past the“Drop Zone” and early in the “Drag” skips itacross to 3. His first look is always to rackit, the second look is to 4, if his man elevates, and then, if X3 comes in on the pene-D.14D.15D.16D.17tration, you then look to 3, who elevates upon the wing, looking for an open window toreceive the pass from 1 (diagr. 11).BASELINE PENETRATIONIf 2 has the ball and decides to penetratethe basket by taking baseline, now everyone has their movement. When 4 sees thebaseline penetration by 2, he “T Cut’s” upclose to the foul line, and then back to therim looking to receive the lob pass from 2. 1“Drags” behind and looks for the pass back D.18from 2. 5 rotates over and finds the openwindow for a pass from 2. 3 stays put in thecorner and looks to receive the baselinethe next best option is to stop in the “Dropskip pass from 2.Zone.” In the “Dribble Drive Motion” muchWith all three types of penetration we areof the offense is initiated when the ball isstaying faithful to the “Big 3” rules by getpicked up in the “Drop Zone.” Here are twoting to the rack, creating gaps, which equalpossible options:skip passes, and keeping great spacing at! “Drop Zone” backdoor.all times (diagr. 12).! “Drop Zone” no backdoor.First, I will talk about “Drop Zone” backdoor.“DROP ZONE”2 stays in the corner until he sees that 1 hasIf we can not get all the way to the rack,picked up his dribble in the “Drop Zone.”Fiba Assist Magazine 35 2008 Page 25
COACHES - offenseOnce he sees this, 2 takes one hard step towards the ball and calls for the ball. He thencuts backdoor. When 4 recognizes that 1stopped in the “Drop Zone,” he flashes highto the opposite elbow calling for the ball.This will clear out the middle and createspace for the backdoor pass. 1 passes to 2cutting backdoor and then 4 cuts to the rimlooking for the lob pass. 3 stays in the corner looking for the baseline skip pass. 5 rotates over, trying to find that open window(diagr. 13).The “Drop Zone” no backdooroccurs when 1 stops in the “Drop Zone,”but the back door is not there. If 2 does notget the backdoor pass, he continues andgoes out to the 3's corner. 1 now hits 4 anddoes a give-and-go cut. If that is not open,then you have a quick clear out for 4 (diagr.14).KICK UP, KICK BACKOnce the defense starts looking for thebackdoor, we have to adjust and we will runa “Kick-Up” or “Kick-Back.” In the “KickUp,” once 1 stops in the “Drop Zone” it becomes a two-man game with 1 and 2. Imentioned already what happen when 2goes backdoor. Now he comes up becausethey are overplaying the backdoor. This iswhat we call a “Kick-Up” (diagr. 15). Once 1hits 2, 2 is looking to go to the basket. 1 willfill 2’s corner and when 2 goes middle penetration, 4 relocates, 3 stays patient in hiscorner, and 5 does a kick back. The “KickBack” is used when the defense is jamming1 or fo
Vance Walberg is the assistant basketball coach of the University of Massachusetts, and the creator of “Dribble, Drive, Motion” offense, a great and unique attack that has been adopted by many teams in the United States. He was formerly the head coach at Clovis West High School (Fresno, Califor-nia) for 17 years. As head coach at Fresno
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