Poll Question #1 - Concrete Pipe
Poll Question #11Rigid Rugged Resilient
Outline Why do we care? What is buoyancy? TWO methods to account for this our designs Factors of Safety Where the rubber meets the road.exampleproblems!
Flotation Failure
6Rigid Rugged Resilient
Rigid Rugged Resilient7
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Relative WeightsCONCRETEγ 150γ 60lbs/ft3HDPEWATERγ 62.4 lbs/ft3lbs/ft3STEELγ 490 lbs/ft3
Pipe WeightsV 18.35 ft3/ft62.4 lb/ft3WATERW 1145 lb/ftCONCRETEW 867 lb/ft48” PIPEHDPEW 26 lb/ftSTEELW 48 lb/ft
Poll Question #212Rigid Rugged Resilient
Flotation Calculationγ 120 lbs/ft3Soil Resistance Pipe Weight – Buoyancy Force 0.0
Microstructure of Soil
Buoyant Weight of Soilγb γt - γw γt saturated unit weight of soil (pcf) γw unit weight of water (pcf)
Methods of Calculating SoilResistance for Buoyancy
1 - American Concrete Pipe Association(ACPA) Design Data (DD) 22Methods
2 - Watkins/Moser (W/M)Utah StateMethods
Required Informationγt Saturatedunit weight ofsoil (pcf)HwHDoDo
ACPA DD 220.1073 DoRs Ws PL γbDo (4 - π)H 8DoEquation 4 – Concrete Pipe Design Manual
Watkins/MoserXθXθ 45 - φ/2Rs PL 2 X2X [(H Do/2)2 tan(45 - φ/2)]γbφ internal angle of friction
Watkins/MoserXXθ 45 - φ/2Rs PL 2 X2 X [(H Do/2)2 tan(45 - φ/2)]γbφ internal angle of friction
www.asce.org/accessengineering/Rigid Rugged Resilient24
Poll Question #3Which method accounts for a largervalue for the soil resistance?a.b.c.d.25Rigid Rugged ResilientACPA DD 22/ Column MethodThe Bar MethodWatkins & Moser MethodThe Numerical Method
Factors of SafetyRigid Rugged Resilient
Factors of Safety Geotechnical Engineering –LRFD Bridge SubstructuresSlope Stability 1.3 to 1.5Foundation Bearing Capacity 2 to 3Foundation Sliding 1.5 Foundation Overturning 2.0 27Rigid Rugged Resilient
ACPA DD 22 - Factors of Safety -Guidance
29
Example: RCP Buoyancy Force Soil Resistance Factor of SafetyRigid Rugged Resilient30
Assume groundwater level is atthe surfaceExistingGroundSurface1 FtDi 48 inchesDo 58 inches 4.833 Ft31Rigid Rugged ResilientGiven:RC Pipe Weight Wp 867 lb/ftγt 120 pcfφ 30 deg
Is flotation aconcern?RC Pipe Weight Wp 867 lb/ftWeight of WaterDisplaced Ww π (do/2)2 γwWw 1,145 lbs/ftBF - 278 lb/ftDo 58 inches 4.833 Ft32Rigid Rugged Resilient
ACPA Method Concrete PipeWhat is the SoilResistance?Rs Ws PL γb H Do (4 - π)8DoEquation 4 – Concrete Pipe Design ManualRs (120 – 62.4)4.833 (4 - π)1 8Rs 423 lbs/ft4.833
Watkins/Moser Method ConcretePipeXθXWhat is the SoilResistance?θ 45 - φ/2Rs PL 2 X2 X [(H Do/2)2 tan(45 - φ/2)] γb2 X [(1 4.833/2)2 tan(45 - 30/2)] (120-62.4)Rs 423 388 811 lbs/ft
ResultsACPA Method Net force (BF x FS) Rs (-278 x 1.25) 423 75 lbsWatkins/Moser Method Net force (BF x FS) Rs (-278 x 2.0) 811 255 lbs
RCP ResultsMethodBuoyancySoilFactor ofForce, BF Resistance Safety,(lbs/ft)Rs /ft)75255
Poll Question #437Rigid Rugged Resilient
Example: CMP Buoyancy Force Soil Resistance Factor of SafetyRigid Rugged Resilient38
Assume groundwater level is atthe surfaceExistingGroundSurface1 FtDi 48 inchesDo 49 inches 4.08 Ft39Rigid Rugged ResilientGiven:CM Pipe Weight Wp 48 lb/ftγt 120 pcfφ 30 deg
Is flotation aconcern?CM Pipe Weight Wp 48 lb/ftWeight of WaterDisplacedWw π (do/2)2 γwWw 817 lbs/ftBF - 769 lb/ftDo 49 inches 4.08 Ft40Rigid Rugged Resilient
ACPA Method Metal PipeWhat is soilresistance?Rs Ws PL γb H Do (4 - π)8DoEquation 4 – Concrete Pipe Design ManualRs (120 – 62.4)4.08 (4 - π)1 8Rs 338 lbs/ft4.08
Watkins/Moser Method Metal PipeXXθWhat is soilresistance?θ 45 - φ/2Rs PL 2 X2 X [(H Do/2)2 tan(45 - φ/2)] γb2 X [(1 4.08/2)2 tan(45 - 30/2)] (120-62.4)Rs 338 307 645 lbs/ft
Results Metal PipeMethodBuoyancySoilFactor ofForce, BF Resistance Safety,(lbs/ft)Rs /ft)-623-893
Example: HDPE Buoyancy Force Soil Resistance Factor of SafetyRigid Rugged Resilient44
ExistingGroundSurfaceAssume groundwater level is atthe surface1 FtDi 48 inchesDo 54 inches – use 51” 4.25 Ft45Rigid Rugged ResilientGiven:HDPE Pipe Weight Wp 26 lb/ftγt 120 pcfφ 30 deg
Is flotation aconcern?HDPE Pipe Weight Wp 26 lb/ftWeight of WaterDisplacedWw π (do/2)2 γwWw 885 lbs/ftBF - 859 lb/ftDo 51 inches 4.25 Ft46Rigid Rugged Resilient
ACPA HDPE PipeRs Ws PL γb H Do (4 - π)8DoEquation 4 – Concrete Pipe Design ManualRs (120 – 62.4)4.25 (4 - π)1 8Rs 356 lbs/ft4.25
Watkins/Moser HDPE PipeXXθθ 45 - φ/2Rs PL 2 X2 X [(H Do/2)2 tan(45 - φ/2)] γb2 X [(1 4.25/2)2 tan(45 - 30/2)] (120-62.4)Rs 356 325 681 lbs/ft
Results HDPE PipeMethodBuoyancySoilFactor ofForce, BF Resistance Safety,(lbs/ft)Rs /ft)-717-1037
Comparison – ACPA MethodSoil48” Pipe BuoyancyFactor ofForce, BF Resistance Safety,Type(lbs/ft)Rs .25NetForce(lbs/ft)-717-62375
Comparison – W/M MethodSoil48” Pipe BuoyancyFactor ofForce, BF Resistance Safety,Type(lbs/ft)Rs NetForce(lbs/ft)-1037-893255
How Much Fill For a 48 Inch Pipe?Pipe TypeMethodRCPCMPHDPEACPA0.8 ft.3.7 ft.4 ft.*M/W0.5 ft.2.8 ft.3.0 ft.*For plastic pipe, a good rule of thumb is fill height equal to pipe diameter.
ACPA Min Fill to Avoid FlotationPipePipePipeMin.Min.Min.Size (in) Fill (ft) Size (in) Fill (ft) Size (in) Fill 00.3601.1962.0330.3661.21022.2360.4721.41082.4
48”RCP ResultsShapeBuoyancySoilFactor ofForce, BF Resistance Safety,(lbs/ft)Rs NetForce(lbs/ft)18875
Poll Question #556Rigid Rugged Resilient
Source: FHWA HDS 558Rigid Rugged Resilient
59Rigid Rugged Resilient
Building Resilience Reputation andRapport60
Source: FHWA HDS 5
Source: FHWAHDS 5Rigid Rugged Resilient63
AnchorsRigid Rugged Resilient
Building Resilience Reputation and Rapport65
Poll Question #666Rigid Rugged Resilient
The materials.com67Rigid Rugged Resilient
Water Table Not up to the SurfaceHHw
ExistingGroundSurface3 Ft1.5 FtDi 60 inchesDo 67 inches – use 63.5” 5.29 Ft69Rigid Rugged ResilientGiven:HDPE Pipe Weight Wp 62 lb/ftγt 130 pcfγd 110 pcf
Is flotation aconcern?HDPE Pipe Weight Wp 62 lb/ft3 Ft1.5 FtWeight of WaterDisplacedWw π (do/2)2 γwWw 1373 lbs/ftBF - 1311 lb/ftDo 5.29 Ft70Rigid Rugged Resilient
Water Table Not up to the SurfaceWhat is soilResistance?HHwNet Force (BF x FS) Rs (-1311 x 1.25) Rs
72Rigid Rugged Resilient
Calculation of Soil ResistanceRs (γt - γw)Do (4 - π)Hw 8Do γd (H – Hw)(Do)5.29 (4 - π)5.29 110 (3 – 1.5)(5.29)Rs (130 – 62.4) 1.5 8Rs 739 873Rs 1612 lbs/ft
Results HDPE PipeMethodACPABuoyancySoilFactor ofForce, BF Resistance Safety,(lbs/ft)Rs (lbs/ft)-13111612FS1.25NetForce(lbs/ft)-27
Floatation of Horizontal EllipticalConcrete Pipe75Rigid Rugged Resilient
Assume groundwater level is atthe surfaceExistingGroundSurfaceGiven:38 x 60 H.E. RCP1 Ft76Rigid Rugged Resilient
Assume groundwater level is atthe surfaceExistingGroundSurface1 FtIs Flotation aConcern?RC Pipe Weight Wp 1000 lb/ftγt 120 pcfφ 30 deg77Rigid Rugged Resilient
78Rigid Rugged Resilient
Assume groundwater level is atthe surfaceExistingGroundSurface1 FtIs Flotation aConcern?RC Pipe Weight Wp 1000 lb/ftArea of WaterDisplaced 19.64 ft2Weight of WaterDisplaced Ww 1,226 lbs/ftBF - 226 lb/ft79Rigid Rugged Resilient
Areas of Elliptical Pipe for Buoyancy PurposesSize(in)FlowArea2(ft )TotalArea2(ft )Size(in)FlowArea2(ft )TotalArea2(ft )24 x 3827 x 4229 x 4532 x 4934 x 5338 x 6043 x 6848 x 7653 x 8358 x 11.4413.5815.5819.6425.0230.4936.543.0563 x 9868 x 10672 x 11377 x 12182 x 12887 x 13692 x 14397 x 1466.3875.7084.0993.62103.95114.74138.81164.76106 x 166116 x 180
What is the SoilResistance fromthe UpperHaunch?Rise 38 inSpan 60 inY 38 2(5.5) 49 inWall 5.5 inX 60 2(5.5) 71 inRect. Area X*Y (49 x 71)/144 24.16 ft2Pipe Area 19.64 ft2Upper Haunch Area (24.16 – 19.64)/2 2.26 ft2Soil Weight from Upper Haunch 2.26 ft2 x 1 ft x (120 – 62.4) 130 lbs/ft
ACPA Method Concrete PipeWhat is the SoilResistance fromthe soil prismabove thecrown?Rs Upper Haunch Rectangular Soil PrismRs 130 lbs/ft 1 ft x (71/12) x (120-62.4)Rs 471 lbs/ft
48”RCP ResultsShapeBuoyancySoilFactor ofForce, BF Resistance Safety,(lbs/ft)Rs NetForce(lbs/ft)18875
Areas of Arch Pipe for Buoyancy .57.0265/8 x433/86.4315/16 x511/862 x 2 x 11544.564.58.813.2771/2 x12251.773.536 x 581/211.417.2871/8 x13866.093.540 x 6514.321.2967/8 x15481.8115.426.51061/2 x1683/499.1131.218 x 281/2221/2 x361/445 x 7317.7Size(in)54 x 88
Flowable FillθxA ½ ro (θ - sin θ)2θ invcos[(ro – x)/ro] 2
Flowable Fill Using γff 130 pcf Maximum depths of flowable fill HDPE pipe – 2 to 3 inches CMP pipe – 3 to 4 inches RCP pipe – approximately 40% of Do
References ACPA Design Data 22, Flotation of Circular ConcretePipe Buried Pipe Design by A.P. Moser, second edition,McGraw hill Structural Mechanics of Buried Pipes by R.K. Watkinsand L.R. Anderson, CRC press Pipeline Installation by A. Howard, relativity publishing Soil Engineering by M. Spangler & R. Handy, Harper &Row Federal Highways Administration
The Endjbeakley@concretepipe.org88Rigid Rugged Resilient
So let’s look at the propensity of common pipe materials to float.\爀屲Most plastics have roughly the same density of water, jus\൴ slightly less.\爀屲Concrete density is roughly 2 times that of water, and steel density is roughly 7.5 times that of water.\爀屲So對 if you drop a rod of plastic in the water it will float. If you drop a rod of concrete or steel in the water they will .
May 15, 2011 · Prior to 1970, this pipe was known as American concrete cylinder pipe or P-381. From 1970 to 1995, it was marketed as Concrete Cylinder Pipe or Pretensioned Concrete Cylinder Pipe (P-303). Since 1995, it has been marketed as Bar-Wrapped Pipe or “BWP”, Concrete Cylinder Pipe
2019 The NEED Project Intermediate Energy Poll www.NEED.org 3 Grades: 6-8 Time: 20 Minutes A Quick Look At The Energy Poll The Intermediate Energy Poll can be used to assess students’ basic energy knowledge, as well as their opinions about energy before and after your classroom energy unit. Make one copy of the poll for each student.
Reinforced Concrete Elliptical Pipe (English Units) 35 Reinforced Concrete Box Sections (English Units) 36 . CONCRETE PIPE USE MANUAL INTRODUCTION I. INTRODUCTION Concrete pipe has been used successfully for sewers and culverts in Illinois for over a century. By its very nature, concrete pipe is an ideal drainage product that has the inherent .
Design.4 PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems design Pipe Dimensions Table 4.2 PE Pipe Dimensions AS/NZS 4130 Nominal Size DN SDR 41 SDR 33 SDR 26 SDR 21 SDR 17 SDR 13.6 SDR 11 SDR 9 SDR 7.4 Min. Wall Thickness (mm) Mean I.D. (mm) Min. Wall Thickness (mm) Mean I.D. (mm)
Road crossing with casing pipe Carbon Steel and FRP, carrier pipe pre-insulated Carbon Steel and FRP. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Carrier Pipe: Carbon Steel, FRP Size of Carrier Pipe: DN 1200mm CS pipe - DN 750mm FRP pipe (pre-insulated) Casing Pipe: FRP Size of Casing Pipe: FRP casing pipe I.D. 1520mm, FRP casing pipe size I.D.
1. CUT THE PIPE Cut the pipe using a pipe cutter, making a perpendicular cut and cleaning the pipe end from grease and pipe chips. Fit the plastic ring on the pipe and make sure the pipe is flushed with the upper edge of the ring. 2. PLACE THE RING OVER THE PIPE Insert the pipe into the ring until the pipe reaches the safety stop which exists
British Standard BS3897 Parts I, II and III Pipe Supports. 2. Definitions To help with the understanding of pipe supports, below are some definitions. (1) Pipe Clamp: A bolted pipe attachment which clamps around the pipe to connect the pipe to the remainder of a pipe hanger assembly. (2) 3 Bolt Pipe
20.11 Specifications For Trunk Main Work II-3 21.01 Definitions II-4 21.02 Vitrified Clay Pipe II-6 21.03 Cast Iron Pipe II-8 21.04 Cast Iron Soil Pipe II-9 21.05 Precast Reinforced Concrete Pipe II-11 21.06 Ductile Iron Pipe II-13 21.07 Joint Materials For Pipe II-16 21.08 Polymer Concrete Pipe II-17 .
