Proactive SQA Overcomes The Traffic Cop Mentality.1 )
Proactive SQA Overcomesthe ‘Traffic Cop’ MentalityRobin F. Goldsmith, JDGO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.SYSTEM ACQUISITION & DEVELOPMENTQUALITY/TESTINGBUSINESS ENGINEERINGPRODUCTIVITYINGTRAIN22 CYNTHIA ROADNEEDHAM, MA ENT.COM(781) 444-5753 VOICE/FAX 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.-1Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ MentalityAre You Familiar withQA as ‘Traffic Cop’ Enforcing compliance Document formats Following procedures Obstacle to Progress Delivery UnderstandableRESISTANCEwww.123rf.com/photo 12808921 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.-2Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ Mentality
Objectives Distinguish system/software quality, quality assurance(SQA), and quality control (SQC).Analyze conventional SQA/standards and why they sooften are resisted, ignored, and/or fail.Describe the six functions Proactive SQA performs so– Involved parties understand and willingly participate inmeaningful methods to assure software quality– Resisted practices are reduced, such as being a ‘traffic cop’– Higher quality software truly is delivered quicker and cheaper.Proactive SQA is a key basis of significantvalue-enhancing revisions to IEEE SQA Std. 730-2014 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.-3Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ MentalityExercise: What is System Quality?System QualitySoftware Quality 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.-4Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ Mentality
Exercise: What is SQA?System Quality AssuranceSoftware Quality Assurance (SQA) 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.-5Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ MentalitySystem vs. Software QualityRelevance to SQC/SQA At which life cycle phase is it decided whethersolution includes hardware?– Requirements– Design– Build and test What impact on quality activities– If system vs. software initially misidentified?– If system vs. software subsequently changes?Is system vs. software distinction relevant, useful? 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.-6Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ Mentality
Quality Is Key toDelivering Quicker and Cheaper“Quality is free” Cost of (poor) quality – Assessment (appraisal)– Prevention– Failure» Internal» External-- Philip Crosby 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.-7Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ MentalitySome Common Definitions of QualityCustomer satisfaction Meets or exceeds customer expectations Optimization, value Conformance to requirements (Philip Crosby) Percent of (a sample of) products passinginspection for defects; lack of defects ( Deming) Minimal variation within specification (Six Sigma) Fitness for use (Joseph Juran) Any problems with these definitions? Relation to systems? 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.-8Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ Mentality
What WeMean By System Quality Fits system specsRuns efficientlyDoesn’t blow upFollows standardsCurrent technologyModern techniquesEasily modified– without code change– when code changes 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.-9Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ MentalityWhatOthersMean By System Quality 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 10Does what needs to bedone correctlyPerforms adequatelyReliable/consistentEasy to useSupported quickly andcorrectlyOn-time, in budgetProactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ Mentality
Until We Share a Common Definitionof System Quality. Users, managers,developers, and Qualityprofessionals will continueto disappoint each other Each has a different ideaof what to deliver and howto tell whether it has beendelivered adequately Each thinks the othersdon’t care about Quality 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 11Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ Mentality Quality Dimension: Quality ofDesign (What’s it need to do) Required functions, capabilities, andperformance levels defined appropriately– needs of all stakeholders identified– definitions accurate and complete– meaningful common understandingDesign suitably meets requirements Costs/benefits/schedules are accurate Trade-offs based on adequate information 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 12Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ Mentality
Quality Dimension: Quality ofConformance (How it’s produced)Products conform to design Products apply standards/conventions Workers use expected skill and care Workers apply defined methods, tools Management uses appropriate practices Product is delivered on-time, in-budget 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 13Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ Mentality Quality Dimension: Quality ofPerformance (How it’s delivered)Product is available as needed for use Product works in intended manner Product works reliably and accurately Product handles workload adequately Product is supported and maintainedresponsively 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 14Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ Mentality
Addressing Quality FactorsApplication ctivenessAdaptabilityEfficiency StyleManufacturabilityReusability Structure UnderstandabilityPortability Flexibility DocumentationTraceability Testability InteroperabilityMaintainabilityManageability 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 15Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ MentalityTurning RequirementsInto a Quality Working SystemQUALITYFACTORS(how well)BUSINESSREQUIREMENTS(how much)Quality of:DesignENGINEERING ConformanceSTANDPerformanceARDS 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 16ANALYSIS & DESIGNDEVELOPMENTOPERATIONProactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ Mentality
Our Working Definition of System QualityThe extent to which it meets weighted stated and impliedexterior, interior, and future REAL business requirements ofall affected internal and external stakeholders consistent withstandards of design, workmanship, and performance.The more of the relevant requirements which are met, and themore demanding the standards are with respect to meetingthose requirements, the higher the quality.Quality is absolute. The amount of quality one receives isgoverned by available resources, priorities, and otherconstraints.Value is the perceived benefit of quality received relative to thecosts of producing and receiving it. 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 17Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ MentalityEngineered Deliverable QualityHow MuchDeliverableCapabilityTMHow WellWeight/Priority 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.Minimum- 18DesirableIdealProactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ Mentality
Quality Assurance (QA) vs.Quality Control (QC)/TestingQC/Testing examines end products, typically forDynamicconformance to specifications (but which oftenCodeExecution are referred to as ‘requirements’) QA assures the processes producing the endproducts produce quality products Static Reviewsof Requirementsand Designs– To some, that means examining intermediateproducts within the development process– Often checks compliance of documents/proceduresto standards/guidelines (“traffic cop”)These are QC too—examining products 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 19Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ MentalityIEEE Std 1220712207-2008 Systems and softwareengineering —Software life cycle processes 1/47.2.3 Software Quality Assurance Process7.2.3.1 PurposeThe purpose of the Software Quality AssuranceProcess is to provide assurance that work productsand processes comply with predefined provisionsand plans.Starting point for revision of IEEE Std. 730 for SQA 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 20Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ Mentality
IEEE Std 1220712207-2008 Systems and softwareengineering —Software life cycle processes 2/47.2.3.2 OutcomesAs a result of successful implementation of the Software QualityAssurance Process:a) a strategy for conducting quality assurance is developed;b) evidence of software quality assurance is produced andmaintained;c) problems and/or non-conformance with requirements areidentified and recorded; andd) adherence of products, processes and activities to theapplicable standards, procedures and requirements are verified.7.2.3.3 Activities and tasksThe project shall implement the following activities in accordance withapplicable organization policies and procedures with respect to theSoftware Quality Assurance Process. 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 21Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ MentalityIEEE Std 1220712207-2008 Systems and softwareengineering —Software life cycle processes 3/47.2.3.3.1 Process implementation. This activity consists of the following tasks:7.2.3.3.1.1 A quality assurance process suited to the project shall be established. Theobjectives of the quality assurance process shall be to assure that the software products andthe processes employed for providing those software products comply with their establishedrequirements and adhere to their established plans.7.2.3.3.1.2 The quality assurance process should be coordinated with the related SoftwareVerification (subclause 7.2.4), Software Validation (subclause 7.2.5), Software Review(subclause 7.2.6), and Software Audit (subclause 7.2.7) Processes.7.2.3.3.1.3 A plan for conducting the quality assurance process activities and tasks shall bedeveloped, documented, implemented, and maintained for the life of the contract. The planshall include the following:Original Std. 730 scopea) Quality standards, methodologies, procedures, and tools for performing the qualityassurance activities (or their references in organization's official documentation).b) Procedures for contract review and coordination thereof.c) Procedures for identification, collection, filing, maintenance, and disposition of qualityrecords.d) Resources, schedule, and responsibilities for conducting the quality assurance activities. 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 22Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ Mentality
IEEE Std 1220712207-2008 Systems and softwareengineering —Software life cycle processes 4/4e) Selected activities and tasks from supporting processes, such as SoftwareVerification (subclause 7.2.4), Software Validation (subclause 7.2.5),Software Review (subclause 7.2.6), Software Audit (subclause 7.2.7), andSoftware Problem Resolution (subclause 7.2.8).7.2.3.3.1.4 Scheduled and on-going quality assurance activities and tasks shall beexecuted. When problems or non-conformances with contract requirements aredetected, they shall be documented and serve as input to the Problem ResolutionProcess (subclause 7.2.8). Records of these activities and tasks, their execution,problems, and problem resolutions shall be prepared and maintained.7.2.3.3.1.5 Records of quality assurance activities and tasks shall be madeavailable to the acquirer as specified in the contract.7.2.3.3.1.6 It shall be assured that persons responsible for assuring compliancewith the contract requirements have the organizational freedom, resources, andauthority to permit objective evaluations and to initiate, effect, resolve, and verifyproblem resolutions.How similar is this to what your organization does? 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 23Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ MentalitySystem Quality Results FromImpactHowWellSystem QualityIs DefinedHow well developers implement(Developers create all the qualityand defects in delivered software)How well testers detect defects which do existEffort 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 24Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ Mentality
Proactive System Quality Assurance(SQA) Direction of New IEEE Std. 730ValuePROCESSDefine appropriate methods and techniques and assure allprojects use them well (environment that promotes quality)PROJECT (Test All Development Deliverables)HowWellMethods and techniques used to createSystem QualityIs Definedthis software product were appropriateHow well developers implementPRODUCT (Testing the Code)(Developers create all the qualityand defects in delivered software)Delivered softwareHow well testers detect defects which do existworks properly 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 25Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ MentalityProactive SQA : Establishes anEnvironment that Promotes QualityDefinesWhen,What, How toCovers Do & Test AddressesConceptionQuality Reqs,ThroughDesign,Retirement Control WorkmanIdentifies ship, MgmtWays to Improve: PracticesPrevent Errors 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 26Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ Mentality
Key Quality Environment ApproachesActPlan100%Percentof timethat shouldbe spentImprovingProduct(Daily Work)ImprovingProcess0%CheckDoLevel in OrganizationW. Edwards Deming, Walter ShewhartUse data to fix the problem and the source of the problem 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 27Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ MentalityThe 6 Functions of SQAActuallyHELP Define Quality Assurance Plans (What to do)A Define, methods, practices, and standards (How tosdo it well)su Assure systematic quality controls of processesrand products (Make sure it gets done right)e Maintain quality records (Keep track of it)Vs.D Analyze and report on quality (Learn from it)oDirect attention to improving quality (Encourage it) 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 28Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ Mentality
1 Define Quality Assurance PlansThe project plan for QA, becomes part of overallproject plan—tasks, resources, budget, schedule Identifies every task and other informationneeded to assure software product quality – Templates, common to all projects Consider insteadfocusing on needed– Tasks unique to projectdeliverables– Balanced with risk, needs, and constraints Used to monitor/control progressEntire focus of IEEE Std. 730 until current revision 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 29Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ MentalityQA Plan, Very Detailed DeliverablesMil. Std. 2167 Requirements Analysis PhaseComputer Software Configuration ItemFunctional RequirementsPerformance RequirementsInterface RequirementsQualification RequirementsSoftware Requirements SpecificationInterface Requirements SpecificationSoftware Development PlanSoftware Standards and Procedures ManualSoftware Configuration Management PlanSoftware Quality Evaluation PlanOperational Concept DocumentSoftware Specification ReviewAllocated Baselines for each CSCIAuthenticated SRSAuthenticated IRS(s)Ongoing Internal Reviews Verification 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 30Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ Mentality
QA Plan Deliverables & ChecklistGeneric Quality CheckpointsDate CompletedFeasibility Analysis ReportBusiness/User RequirementsSystem Requirements Spec.System DesignConversion PlanTechnical Test PlansAcceptance Test PlansUser DocumentationOperations DocumentationTechnical Testing CompletionProduction TurnoverAcceptance Testing Sign-offPost-Implementation Review 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 31Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ MentalityQA Plan Deliverables & Action PlanGeneric Quality CheckpointsApplicableBudget Actual Date DateStandards Resp Hours Hours Due DoneFeasibility Analysis ReportBusiness/User RequirementsSystem Requirements Spec.System DesignConversion PlanTechnical Test PlansAcceptance Test PlansUser DocumentationOperations DocumentationTechnical Testing CompletionProduction TurnoverAcceptance Testing Sign-offPost-Implementation Review 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 32Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ Mentality
QA Plan Deliverables, QA Action PlanGeneric Quality CheckpointsQuality Assurance ReviewDevelopmentStd Rsp Hrs Date Resp Budg Act Due DoneFeasibility Analysis ReportBusiness/User RequirementsSystem Requirements Spec.System DesignConversion PlanTechnical Test PlansAcceptance Test PlansUser DocumentationOperations DocumentationTechnical Testing CompletionProduction TurnoverAcceptance Testing Sign-offPost-Implementation Review 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 33Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ MentalityExercise: Managing SQA Tasks, ResourcesHow would you handle and account for?Development deliverable is delivered after SQA review wasscheduled to beginSQA review finds a development deliverable inadequateand needs the deliverable to be corrected and re-reviewedThe SQA review takes longer and/or more effort thanplanned 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 34Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ Mentality
Objectives Distinguish system/software quality, quality assurance(SQA), and quality control (SQC).Analyze conventional SQA/standards and why they sooften are resisted, ignored, and/or fail.Describe the six functions Proactive SQA performs so– Involved parties understand and willingly participate inmeaningful methods to assure software quality– Resisted practices are reduced, such as being a ‘traffic cop’– Higher quality software truly is delivered quicker and cheaper.Proactive SQA is a key basis of significantvalue-enhancing revisions to IEEE SQA Std. 730-2014- 35 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ MentalityGo Pro Management, Inc. Seminars/Consulting--Relation to LifeCycleSystems QA Software Quality Effectiveness Maturity ModelCredibly Managing Projects and Processes with MetricsSystem MeasurementROI Test Process ManagementFeasibilityAnalysisProactive User Acceptance TestingSystemsAnalysisReusable Test DesignsSystemDevelop-DesignmentDefining and ManagingImplementOperationsationUser RequirementsTest EstimationMaintenanceWriting Testable SW Requirements RiskProactiveTesting:AnalysisRe-Engineering: Opportunities for ISTesting Early in the Life Cycle21 Ways to Test RequirementsRisk-Based Test Planning,Design, and ManagementManaging Software Acquisition and Outsourcing: Purchasing Software and Services Controlling an Existing Vendor’s PerformanceMaking You a Leader 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 36Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ Mentality
Robin F. Goldsmith, JDrobin@gopromanagement.com (781) 444444-5753 www.gopromanagement.com President of Go Pro Management, Inc. consultancy since 1982, working directly with and training professionals inbusiness engineering, requirements analysis, software acquisition, project management, quality and testing. Partner with ProveIT.net in REAL ROI and ROI Value Modeling . Previously a developer, systems programmer/DBA/QA, and project leader with the City of Cleveland, leadingfinancial institutions, and a “Big 4” consulting firm. Degrees: Kenyon College, A.B.; Pennsylvania State University, M.S. in Psychology; Suffolk University, J.D.;Boston University, LL.M. in Tax Law. Published author and frequent speaker at leading professional conferences. Formerly International Vice President of the Association for Systems Management and Executive Editor of theJournal of Systems Management. Founding Chairman of the New England Center for Organizational Effectiveness. Member of the Boston SPIN and SEPG’95 Planning and Program Committees. Chair of record-setting BOSCON 2000 and 2001, ASQ Boston Section‘s Annual Quality Conferences. TechTarget, SearchSoftwareQuality requirements and testing subject expert. Member IEEE Std. 829-2008 for Software Test Documentation Standard Revision Committee. Member IEEE 730-2014 Working Group rewriting IEEE Std. 730-2002 for Software Quality Assurance Plans. International Institute of Business Analysis (IIBA) Business Analysis Body of Knowledge (BABOK) subject expert. Admitted to the Massachusetts Bar and licensed to practice law in Massachusetts. Author of book: Discovering REAL Business Requirements for Software Project Success Author of forthcoming book: Cut Creep—Put Business Back in Business Analysis to Discover REALBusiness Requirements for Agile, ATDD, and Other Projects 2016 GO PRO MANAGEMENT, INC.- 37Proactive SQA Overcomes the ‘Traffic Cop’ Mentality
IEEE Std 12207IEEE Std 12207--2008 Systems and software 2008 Systems and software engineering engineering ——Software life cycle processes Software life cycle processes 44//44 e) Selected activities and tasks from supporting processes, such as Software Verification (subclause 7.2.4), Software Validation (subclause 7.2.5),
SPX-SQA-F03 Supplier Corrective Action Request SPX-SQA-F04 Supplier Deviation / Concession Approval Request Form SPX-SQA-F05 FAI Report SPX-SQA-F06 Quality Control Plan SPX-SQA-F07 Tool Passport SPX-SQA-F08 Supplier Balanced Scorecard SPX-SQA-F09 SPX FLOW Audit 3 Definitions and Acronyms Term Definition AVL Approved Vendor List sometimes .
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1.1 Purpose of the Course Tutor Guide 3 2 Setting up the course 4 3 The SQA Advanced Diploma Structure 5 3.1 General SQA Advanced Diploma Qualification Framework 5 3.2 Core Skills 7 3.3 Graded Units 9 . SQA Credits with a mixture of SCQF level 6, 7 and level 8 Units. The SQA
Chính Văn.- Còn đức Thế tôn thì tuệ giác cực kỳ trong sạch 8: hiện hành bất nhị 9, đạt đến vô tướng 10, đứng vào chỗ đứng của các đức Thế tôn 11, thể hiện tính bình đẳng của các Ngài, đến chỗ không còn chướng ngại 12, giáo pháp không thể khuynh đảo, tâm thức không bị cản trở, cái được
