Driver’s Handbook
AMG Driving AcademyDriver’s HandbookPERFORMANCE
Table of ContentsAMG Driving Academy . 3An International Academy . 4Getting Started . 5Handling the Wheel . 6Eye Work . 7Contact Patch . 8Vehicle Dynamics . 9Handling Terms . 11Correcting Oversteer . 12Braking Skills . 13Cornering Technique . 14The Racing Line . 16Types of Turns . 17Putting It All Together . 18Exercise Module Learning Objectives . 19Glossary . 242
AMG Driving AcademyAMG Driving Academy gives drivers the opportunity to improvetheir abilities—whether they are newly licensed or have years ofexperience — while letting them experience the qualities ofMercedes-AMG vehicles. We believe that most people are saferand happier behind the wheel if they have a better understandingof driving tendencies when dealing with emergencies. The goodnews is that learning can be fun. Consider it an adventure witha good cause.With five levels of training in the U.S.--PERFORMANCE, ADVANCED,PRO, PRO and DRIFT—we provide a progressive learning experience through classroom instruction and a significantamount of “behind the wheel” driving time while being coached byour world-class instructors. Whether you’re interested in a safercommute, competition or simply like to drive, the skills that you’lllearn at AMG Driving Academy will help you to reach your goal.At AMG Driving Academy, we teach emergency braking, skidcontrol, proper cornering technique, line of sight and a variety ofother skills. The main goal is to raise your awareness of all theelements that together constitute “good, safe” driving, whetheron the street or racetrack.3
An International AcademyYou are now a part of the AMG family. We are a resource you areentitled to utilize anytime you believe we can help. You are also amember of a highly respected organization and should be proud ofyour achievements at the best driving school in the world.AMG Driving Academy is truly a global program, allowing you tocontinually perfect your skills with a progression of programs toadvance your learning—or to just experience some of the world’sbest tracks.AMG Driving Academy CoursesInternationalFor complete information on international courses, please visitwww.mercedes-amg.com/driving-academy.United StatesPERFORMANCE› Circuit of the Americas, Texas› Laguna Seca Raceway, California› Lime Rock Park, Connecticut› Road Atlanta, GeorgiaADVANCED› Circuit of the Americas, Texas› Laguna Seca Raceway, California› Road Atlanta, GeorgiaPRO › Circuit of the Americas, Texas› Laguna Seca Raceway, CaliforniaDRIFT› Circuit of the Americas, Texas› Laguna Seca Raceway, CaliforniaPRO› Circuit of the Americas, Texas› Laguna Seca Raceway, California› Road Atlanta, Georgia4
Getting StartedSEAT POSITIONEvery sport has a ready, or balanced, position that allows thebest chance of success. The poise of a great skier, golfer ortennis player comes from that stance. Whether it’s a racecar ora street car, the same principle applies. Unless your physiquemakes this impossible, adjust the seat track so that, whenpressing hard on the brake pedal, you still have a moderate bendat the knee. Also, try to allow clearance so your knee can movefreely under the steering wheel.Now adjust the backrest so that, when your shoulders areagainst the seat back and your arm is resting on the top of thewheel, your wrist joint reaches the rim. This may not work foreverybody in every car, but the closer you can get to thisposition, the more efficient you are likely to be in your controlinputs. Buckle up the seat belts and make sure they fit snugly,especially the lap belt.Incorrect Seating PositionCorrect Seating Position5
Handling the WheelOne of the worst driving habits we see is the tendency to steer withone hand on top of the wheel and the other hand resting on the gearlever. You’d be hard pressed to find a less efficient position, either forgetting good feedback from the car or for control in an emergency.(Now that most cars are equipped with airbags, driving in thisposition could result in your arm being thrown backwards if theairbag deploys—possibly resulting in injury.)The recommended steering action is to keep both hands in theproper positions of 9 o’clock and 3 o’clock as you turn the wheel. Ifyou must change hand position due to extreme turning required, usea hand-overhand technique so one hand is always in control of thesteering wheel.6
Eye WorkA KEY FUNDAMENTALLook where you want to be next, not where you are. Hands and feetfollow the eyes!Proper use of your eyes will determine your control inputs andcorrect car placement.Look ahead and relax, and you will always feel in control and ableto catch mistakes early.Incorrect Car Position: Not Looking AheadCorrect Car Position: Looking Ahead7
Contact PatchTIRESBASIC RULESLet’s start with tires—the only connection between the vehicleand the road. Proper tire care improves vehicle performanceand driving pleasure. When was the tire pressure last checked?This can’t be verified visually; it requires a tire gauge. Even a fewpounds of under-inflation will compromise a tire’s capacity tostop and turn.› Higher tire pressure (within the manufacturer’s limits) generallyproduces better response and handling, though with a somewhatharsher ride.› Tire pressure should be checked only when the tires are cold.› Tire pressure should be checked frequently, as tires loseapproximately 1 psi per month.› The lower the pressure, the more likely the tire is to aquaplane inwet weather.› Lower pressure does not improve winter traction—you want the tireto bite down to the pavement, not float on the snow.› Four little patches of rubber, or contact patches, are the only thingsthat keep your car headed in the chosen direction. Take care of yourtires and be aware of weather that can limit the tires’ effectiveness.8
Vehicle DynamicsLOAD TRANSFERAT REST OR STEADY SPEEDAn important element of vehicle dynamics that a driver shouldunderstand is load transfer. If a car is either at rest or balanced ata steady speed, the load and traction are equally distributed at thefour contact patches.ACCELERATINGWhen accelerating, the load will transfer rearward, increasing reartraction while decreasing front traction.9
Vehicle Dynamics (Cont.)LOAD TRANSFER (Cont.)BRAKINGWhen braking, the load will transfer forward, increasing fronttraction while decreasing rear traction.CORNERINGWhen cornering, the load will transfer to outside tires, increasingtraction on the outside tires while decreasing traction on the insidetires.Left Turn10
Handling TermsUNDERSTEER“Understeer” describes a situation where the front of the car islosing traction and the vehicle is not responding well to steeringinputs. In extreme cases, the car will leave the road, front end first.What causes understeer? Acceleration can cause a loss of tractionat the front of the vehicle. How do you fix this? Gently ease off thepower until you’ve regained control of the vehicle.Braking too late for a turn may also cause understeer. The properfix is a gentle release of the brake pedal, just to the point wherethe car has traction available for turning.UndersteerOVERSTEER“Oversteer” is the term for a situation in which the rear tires haveless traction than the front tires. The rear tires begin to slide and, ifthe driver fails to apply correction with the steering wheel, this canbecome a rearwheel skid. The most common cause of oversteer,both on the road and on the racetrack, is an overly abrupt releaseof the throttle. A rear-wheel skid can also be caused by an abruptrelease of the brake pedal.Oversteer11
Correcting OversteerCPRAt AMG Driving Academy, we teach CPR as the method to correct an oversteercondition:› “C” stands for CORRECT, turning steering wheel in the direction you want to go.› “P” stands for the PAUSE, the moment between when the car stops its initialskid and when it starts to rebound in the opposite direction.› “R” stands for RECOVER, the wheel comes back to the center and we driveaway. Look where you want to go, not where you’re afraid of going as your handsfollow your eyes.Here’s a racing rule that makes a lot of sense on the street as well: “If you spin,push brake pedal in.”CorrectPauseRecover12
Braking SkillsThere’s a lot more to good emergency braking than knowing which pedal to push. By following a few basic rules, you can optimize stoppingability—even in an unfamiliar car.STRAIGHT-LINE BRAKINGCars stop best in a straight line, requiring a quick transition offthe throttle and a hard squeeze on the brake pedal. That’s the onlytime when all the available traction is available for braking. ABSallows braking and turning. Without ABS, locking up the wheelsincreases stopping distance by about 30% and makes steeringimpossible.TRAIL-BRAKINGTrail-braking is a technique of braking in a straight line withcontinued braking while turning into a corner. This techniqueallows a driver to brake at a slightly later point and carry morespeed into the corner. In order to maximize potential traction,progressively easing (“trailing”) off of the brake pedal whileturning is required until brakes are fully released at the apexpoint of the turn and acceleration can begin.To engage ABS, press hard on the brake pedal; do not pump thebrakes. Application of brakes while the car is proceeding on astraight line allows the tires to have the maximum traction forbraking.Straight-Line BrakingStraight-Line BrakingTrail-Braking13
Cornering TechniqueThere are four reference points for each corner that you must identify in advance by using your eyes to look ahead.BRAKE POINTA driver’s first task is to prepare the car for aturn. This means slowing down in a straightline for maximum braking efficiency. The spotat which the brakes are first applied is called,appropriately, the “brake point.”TURN-IN POINTThis is the point at which you begin to turnthe steering wheel—smoothly, not abruptly.As you start to turn the wheel, remember tolook ahead for the next reference point.APEX POINTThe apex is the inside point of a turn whereyou should aim the car to maximize thecorner radius, thus maximizing potentialcornering speed.TRACK-OUT POINTThis is the point at which you exit the turnwith the car being straight and acceleratingtowards the next turn.At AMG Driving Academy, the goal is to workon cornering technique and explore the car’slimit and your limit by using the referencepoints to safely maximize the corner radiusand ultimately speed. The wise approachis “slow in/fast out” on the track or, morerealistically, “slow in/safe out” on the street.This can prove to be valuable training if yourintention is to get involved in competitiveracing or if you just want to make your dailydriving smoother and more enjoyable.14
Cornering Technique (cont.)STRAIGHT-LINE BRAKING ZONEA vast majority of your braking should bedone in a straight line, where 100% of thetires’ ability is available and can be maximized. It is important to get to the optimumbrake pressure as soon as possible. Thiswill lengthen your throttle time—and “hewho goes the fastest for the longest wins.”Try and remember the old adage, “slow intoa corner, fast out of a corner.”TRAIL-BRAKING ZONEAs our turn-in cone approaches, you needto share some of the tires’ grip betweenbraking and steering. If we are going get tothe apex, we need to “trail” the brake off, indirect response to the input level of steering. The car’s speed will have lessened andyour speed is going to be found by maximizing your radius. It’s time to transition tothe throttle. Find the accelerator, but don’tturn it on like a light switch! Be patient forthe sight picture to develop. Youreyes should have the track-out in sight.ACCELERATION ZONEOnce you have decided that your line andspeed give you the desired radius to thetrackout, the throttle should begin toincrease. Squeeze the accelerator down;once you have started to apply the throttle,try not to relinquish the rpm with a “lift” tocorrect a mistake late in the corner. If youpinch the wheel or have to give up throttleon the way out of a corner, you made amistake on the way into the corner.15
The Racing LineThe radius of an arc and the maximum speed on that arc are directly related.PROPER LINEThe biggest radius available in a corner is asmooth arc connecting the turn-in point, theapex and the track-out point. Since the lineultimately determines both cornering andstraightaway speed, it is the fundamentalbuilding block of a good lap. Remember touse your eyes and look ahead and locate thereference points.EARLY TURN-INTurning before the proper turn-in point causesan early apex and requires adding more steeringand or slowing after the apex, otherwise theresult can be an off-course excursion.LATE TURN-INTurning after the proper turn-in point leads toa late apex and slower speed at the apex. Theprimary symptom of the late apex is havingracetrack left to the outside in the second halfof the corner.16
Type of TurnsCONSTANT-RADIUS CORNERThe first type of turn is a fairly simpleconstant radius turn leading onto a straightaway. If you are on a racetrack, you woulduse all the track available and, thus, thelargest radius and maximum speed in theturn.DECREASING-RADIUS CORNERThe second type of turn is one of the mosttroublesome we encounter on the highwayor a racetrack: a decreasing-radius turn,such as a freeway on-ramp. The key here isto slow down, be patient and turn later,past the mid-point of the turn.INCREASING-RADIUS CORNERThe third type of turn is an increasing-radiusturn, one that has a larger radius at the exitthan entrance. This type turn requires anearlier turn-in than a constant-radius turn,which allows an earlier application of throttleand increased exit speed.17
Putting It All TogetherThe Real WorldThe techniques discussed so far, used in conjunction with a very capableAMG vehicle, can save your life, help you to achieve a fast lap time onthe racetrack or simply help you to enjoy driving more. Ideally, you willbe sufficiently aware that you will see situations develop and respondbefore they become critical. None of these skills work in a vacuum.Ideally you will be sufficiently aware—almost paranoid in fact—that youwill see situations develop and respond before they become critical.Remember, we cannot teach judgment—though we hope that, once youhave experienced what can and cannot be done with a car, the correctresponses will be made naturally. Good driving requires anticipation anda willingness to devote a high degree of attention to safety.It also helps to understand that we all need to coexist when driving.Watch the pattern of traffic and try not to get into unnecessary conflictwith your fellow drivers. Remember that an angry driver, whether onthe racetrack or highway, can be a danger to everyone. Do not letsomeone else’s lack of manners or judgment turn you into a bad driver.Additionally, it’s helpful to avoid falling victim to the “maniac/idiotsyndrome,” where you define other drivers as either maniacs if theydrive faster than you or idiots if they choose a slower pace.18
Exercise Module Learning ObjectivesTimed Slalom CompetitionOBJECTIVEUse the cones as “gates” to create a zigzag course to showcase themaneuverability of AMG vehicles and test the driver’s ability to negotiatethe course in the least amount of time without incurring penalties. Eachcone that is hit during the competition phase will result in a time penaltythat will be added to the driver’s score.DRIVER FOCUSDrivers must use proper vision and steering control to guide the vehiclethrough the course as efficiently as possible. Focus on maintaining visualattention throughout the entire exercise, making smooth steering inputsand managing load transfer of the vehicle.SYSTEM ACTIVATIONSABS (Anti-lock Brake System)ESP (Electronic Stability Program)19
Exercise Module Learning Objectives (Cont.)ABS Brakes on Lane ChangeABS BRAKES ON LANE CHANGE OBJECTIVEIncorporate various vehicle systems and several driver techniquesduring a very dynamic exercise. Highlight AMG vehicles’ ability to brake,maneuver and provide confidence in a panic situation.DRIVER FOCUSMaximize brake application by using proper seating position. Developeye work as we start to emphasize the importance of looking whereyou want to end up. Build confidence in your ability.SYSTEM ACTIVATIONSABS (Anti-lock Brake System)ADB (Adaptive Dynamic Braking)BAS (Brake Assist System)ESP (Electronic Stability Program)PRE-SAFE (Active/passive safety preparations)20
Exercise Module Learning Objectives (Cont.)Lead/Follow with Line TechniqueLINE TECHNIQUE OBJECTIVELearn the fundamentals of cornering, from entry to apex to track-out,and how to identify the proper line. Begin to work on the different typesof corners, understanding their differences and exploring the car’s limits.DRIVER FOCUSUnderstand the transition between corner segments: braking, turningand accelerating. Particular attention will be paid to reinforcement ofthe importance of hand position, eye work, control coordination andsmoothness.SYSTEM ACTIVATIONSADB (Adaptive Dynamic Braking)AMG-developed 4.0-liter V8 Biturbo engineAMG Ride ControlESP (Electronic Stability Program)MCT (Multi-Clutch Technology)21
Exercise Module Learning Objectives (Cont.)Lead/Follow with Line TechniqueLEAD/FOLLOW OBJECTIVELearn the fundamentals of cornering, from entry to apex to track-out,and how to identify the proper line. Begin to work on the different typesof corners, understanding their differences and exploring the car’s limits.DRIVER FOCUSUnderstand the transition between corner segments: braking, turningand accelerating. Particular attention will be paid to reinforcement ofthe importance of hand position, eye work, control coordination andsmoothness.SYSTEM ACTIVATIONSADB (Adaptive Dynamic Braking)AMG-developed 4.0-liter V8 Biturbo engineAMG Ride ControlESP (Electronic Stability Program)MCT (Multi-Clutch Technology)22
Exercise Module Learning Objectives (Cont.)Lead/Follow SessionsLEAD/FOLLOW OBJECTIVEPut all the basic training skills together for a one-of-a-kind experience:a structured lapping session.DRIVER FOCUSApply all the basic fundamentals. Learn the racing line, proper corneringtechniques, eye work, footwork, hand position and concentration.SYSTEM ACTIVATIONSABS (Anti-lock Brake System)ADB (Adaptive Dynamic Braking)AMG-developed 4.0-liter V8 Biturbo engineAMG Ride ControlESP (Electronic Stability Program)MCT (Multi-Clutch Technology)23
GlossaryAPEXThe clipping point on the inside of a corner where the car is at thecorrect angle for a perfect exit onto the next section of the track.CORNER ENTRYThe section of track between the brake point and where throttleapplication starts.AQUAPLANE (HYDROPLANE)In wet weather, tires can lose contact with the road by “going up”/riding up on top of the water.CORRECTThe first phase in handling a slide (CPR) is “Correct.” The driverlooks where he would like to go and turns the steering
Buckle up the seat belts and make sure they fit snugly, . “If you spin, . Without ABS, locking up the wheels increases stopping distance by about 30% and makes steering impossible. To engage ABS, press hard on the brake pedal; do not pump the brakes. Application of brakes while the car is proceeding on a
4 MPA Driver’s Handbook MPA Driver’s Handbook Contents 2 Acknowledgement 3 Introduction 6 Code of Conduct 8 Driver Training and Skills Card 10 FORS/CLOCS (or equivalent) 14 Driver’s Section 16 Cab Safety 17 Driver’s Behaviour 23 Driver’s Hours 24 Drugs and Alcohol at Work 26 Smok ing at Work 28 Eligibility to Drive 29 F
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