Scottish Health Technical Memorandum 08-01
Scottish Health Technical Memorandum08-01:Specialist servicesAcousticsJuly 2015
SHTM 08-01: AcousticsContentspageAcknowledgements . 30Preface . 32About Scottish Health Technical Memoranda . 32Structure of the Scottish Health Technical Memorandum suite . 33Executive summary . 351.Introduction . 372.2.12.72.152.18Acoustic criteria . 38Agreeing the criteria for each project . 38Internal noise levels from external sources . 39Sporadic events . 41Rain noise . l noise from mechanical and electrical services. 42External noise levels . 45Internal sound insulation . 46Doors . 50Impact sound insulation . 34Room acoustics . 34Audio systems for public announcements . 35Audiology facilities . 35Vibration . 363.Construction noise and vibration . 384.Temporary healthcare facilities . 395.Refurbished accommodation . 40Example 1. 40Example 2. 40Example 3. 40Version 1: July 2015Page 28 of 65 Health Facilities Scotland, a division of NHS National Services Scotland.
SHTM 08-01: Acoustics6.Inspecting works during construction . 417.7.27.57.67.77.87.97.107.12Testing and validation. 42Sound insulation . 42Noise levels generated by mechanical and electrical services . 42Intrusive noise . 43Audio system intelligibility . 44Environmental noise . 44Audiometric testing rooms . 44General comments . 44Failure to meet criteria . 457.13 Commissioning results . 468.8.1Checklists . 47Planning Check . 47Appendix A: Partition and floor sound insulation . 50Appendix B: Calculation of equivalent absorption area . 58Appendix C: Worked examples of vibration performance criteria . 59Appendix D: Glossary . 61References. 63DisclaimerThe contents of this document are provided by way of general guidance only at thetime of its publication. Any party making any use thereof or placing any reliancethereon shall do so only upon exercise of that party’s own judgement as to theadequacy of the contents in the particular circumstances of its use and application.No warranty is given as to the accuracy, relevance or completeness of the contentsof this document and Health Facilities Scotland, a Division of NHS NationalServices Scotland, shall have no responsibility for any errors in or omissionstherefrom, or any use made of, or reliance placed upon, any of the contents of thisdocument.Version 1: July 2015Page 29 of 65 Health Facilities Scotland, a division of NHS National Services Scotland.
SHTM 08-01: AcousticsAcknowledgementsHealth Facilities Scotland acknowledges the contribution from the followingmembers of the working group to the production of Health TechnicalMemorandum 08-01 that has been adapted to form Scottish Health TechnicalMemorandum 08-01.Richard Budd, Sound Research Laboratories LimitedChris Holme, Department of Health, Estates & FacilitiesNick Boulter, Arup AcousticsDavid Rowley, Nightingale AssociatesTim Redmore, Sharps Redmore PartnershipDavid Howe, Zisman Bowyer & PartnersPeter Hammond, HPC King’s College HospitalPaul Freeborn, Bureau VeritasTim Spencer, Rockfon LtdJason Bassett, LafargePeter Young, Arup Consulting EngineersSteve Hicks, Steel Construction InstituteComments were received from the following bodies:Adnitt AcousticsApex AcousticsArup AcousticsBREBureau VeritasEckel Noise Control TechnologiesIAC LimitedInstitute of AcousticsLeaderflush & Shapland (LS Group)NHS WalesVersion 1: July 2015Page 30 of 65 Health Facilities Scotland, a division of NHS National Services Scotland.
SHTM 08-01: AcousticsNightingale AssociatesRockfon LimitedSound Research Laboratories LimitedSteel Construction InstituteWalker Beak MasonZisman Bowyer & PartnersVersion 1: July 2015Page 31 of 65 Health Facilities Scotland, a division of NHS National Services Scotland.
SHTM 08-01: AcousticsPrefaceAbout Scottish Health Technical MemorandaEngineering Scottish Health Technical Memoranda (SHTMs) givecomprehensive advice and guidance on the design, installation and operation ofspecialised building and engineering technology used in the delivery ofhealthcare.The focus of SHTM guidance remains on healthcare-specific elements ofstandards, policies and up-to-date established best practice. They areapplicable to new and existing sites, and are for use at various stages duringthe whole building lifecycle: Healthcare providers have a duty of care to ensurethat appropriate engineering governance arrangements are in place and aremanaged effectively. The Engineering Scottish Health Technical Memorandumseries provides best practice engineering standards and policy to enablemanagement of this duty of care.It is not the intention within this suite of documents to repeat unnecessarilyinternational or European standards, industry standards or UK Governmentlegislation. Where appropriate, these will be referenced.Healthcare-specific technical engineering guidance is a vital tool in the safe andefficient operation of healthcare facilities. Scottish Health TechnicalMemorandum guidance is the main source of specific healthcare-relatedguidance for estates and facilities professionals.The core suite of eight subject areas provides access to guidance which: is more streamlined and accessible; encapsulates the latest standards and best practice in healthcareengineering; provides a structured reference for healthcare engineering.Version 1: July 2015Page 32 of 65 Health Facilities Scotland, a division of NHS National Services Scotland.
SHTM 08-01: AcousticsHealthcare building life-cycleStructure of the Scottish Health Technical Memorandum suiteThe series of engineering-specific guidance contains a suite of eight coresubjects:Scottish Health Technical Memorandum 00 Policies and principles (applicableto all Scottish Health Technical Memoranda in this series)Scottish Health Technical Memorandum 01 DecontaminationScottish Health Technical Memorandum 02 Medical gasesScottish Health Technical Memorandum 03 Heating and ventilation systemsScottish Health Technical Memorandum 04 Water systemsScottish Health Technical Memorandum 05 Reserved for future useScottish Health Technical Memorandum 06 Electrical servicesScottish Health Technical Memorandum 07 Environment and sustainabilityScottish Health Technical Memorandum 08 Specialist servicesSome subject areas may be further developed into topics shown as -01, -02 etcand further referenced into Parts A, B etc.Example: Scottish Health Technical Memorandum 06-02 Part A will represent:Electrical safety guidance for low voltage systemsIn a similar way Scottish Health Technical Memorandum 07-02 will simplyrepresent: Environment and Sustainability – EnCO2de.All Scottish Health Technical Memoranda are supported by the initial documentScottish Health Technical Memorandum 00 which embraces the managementVersion 1: July 2015Page 33 of 65 Health Facilities Scotland, a division of NHS National Services Scotland.
SHTM 08-01: Acousticsand operational policies from previous documents and explores riskmanagement issues.Some variation in style and structure is reflected by the topic and approach ofthe different review working groups.Health Facilities Scotland wishes to acknowledge the contribution made byprofessional bodies, engineering consultants, healthcare specialists and NHSstaff who have contributed to the review.Engineering guidance structureVersion 1: July 2015Page 34 of 65 Health Facilities Scotland, a division of NHS National Services Scotland.
SHTM 08-01: AcousticsExecutive summaryThis guidance document has been written for healthcare professionals tounderstand acoustic requirements and to help those involved in thedevelopment of healthcare facilities.Acoustic design is fundamental to the quality of healthcare buildings. Soundaffects us both physiologically and psychologically. Noise, which can be definedas ‘unwanted sound’, can increase heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rateand even blood cholesterol levels. Pleasant sounds help create a sense of wellbeing. Music can be used to treat depression, to reach autistic people and tocalm and relax tense patients.Good acoustic conditions improve patient privacy and dignity, and promoteessential sleep patterns. Such conditions are key to healing. Good acousticdesign brings other benefits in terms of patient and staff comfort and morale, aswell as improved efficiency and usability of equipment.This Scottish Health Technical Memorandum covers the acoustic design criteriathat are important for healthcare premises, and addresses issues such as theprovision of temporary healthcare facilities, refurbishments and the control ofnoise and vibration during construction.Testing during and after construction, which is essential for quality assurance, isexplained.Section 8 includes checklists of the most important acoustic issues that need tobe considered in the design of any healthcare facility.The Appendices give examples of some of the required calculations.The document recommends acoustic criteria for: noise levels in rooms – both from mechanical services within the buildingand from noise coming from outside. It is important to create an acousticenvironment that allows rooms to be used for resting, sleeping, treatment,consultation and concentration. There are also statutory limits for noiselevels that individuals can be exposed to whilst working; external noise levels – noise created by the healthcare building andoperation should not unduly affect those that live and work around it; sound insulation between rooms – allows rooms to exist side by side. Noisyactivities should not interfere with the requirements of adjacent rooms, andprivate conversations should not be overheard outside the room. Theguidance given now allows for raised voices being commonly expected forhearing-impaired patients and staff; impact sound insulation – prevents footfall noise of people walking overrooms interfering with the use of rooms below; room acoustics – guidance is given on quantities of acoustically-absorbentVersion 1: July 2015Page 35 of 65 Health Facilities Scotland, a division of NHS National Services Scotland.
SHTM 08-01: Acousticsmaterial to provide a comfortable acoustic environment; audio systems – announcements to patients, visitors and staff should beintelligible; audiology facilities – without proper acoustic conditions the hearing-testfacilities cannot function (see Health Building Note 12-01 Supplement 3 –‘ENT and audiology clinics, hearing air centre’); vibration caused by plant, medical equipment and activities should notaffect the use of the building. Some medical equipment is sensitive tovibration, and so are people.This document supersedes all other Health Facilities Scotland guidance onacoustics. Before using this document, check for corrections on-line atwww.spaceforhealth.nhs.ukHeating and ventilation systems – SHTM 03-01: Ventilation for healthcarepremises – Part A is also relevant.Version 1: July 2015Page 36 of 65 Health Facilities Scotland, a division of NHS National Services Scotland.
SHTM 08-01: Acoustics1.Introduction1.1This document sets out the acoustic criteria for the design and management ofnew and temporary healthcare facilities in addition to refurbishment projects.1.2A specialist acoustic adviser should be used to take a holistic approach to theacoustic design. Therefore detailed acoustic theory is not included in thisScottish Health Technical Memorandum, although sufficient detail is given for abasic understanding of the acoustic issues. It would be unwise to design ahealthcare development without specialist acoustic advice right from the outlinedesign stage.Version 1: July 2015Page 37 of 65 Health Facilities Scotland, a division of NHS National Services Scotland.
SHTM 08-01: Acoustics2.Acoustic criteriaAgreeing the criteria for each project2.1It is important to set appropriate acoustic design criteria for healthcarepremises. This document sets out the minimum recommended criteria. Eachdevelopment has special features, and these criteria may not be appropriate forall projects.2.2A statement of acoustic criteria should be prepared for each project. This willset out the acoustic requirements and the particular acoustic issues that affectthe development. Ideally, this should be provided in the various individual RoomData Sheets prepared as part of the briefing process. The presumption will bethat these criteria will equate to those listed in this document. The onus will beon designers to identify whether the acoustic criteria given can be achieved andto set out an argument for changing them.2.3The parameters to be considered include: equivalent continuous soundpressure level (LAeq); noise rating (NR) curves; vibration dose value (VDV); weighted standardised level difference (DnT,w); weighted standardised impact sound pressure level (L'nT,w); room acoustics; and speech transmission index (STI).2.4Noise criteria for mechanical services should be specified in terms of an NRvalue for each area under consideration. Appropriate values are quoted forvarious locations.2.5Sound insulation of external façades depends on external noise levels and howquiet the rooms inside need to be. Appropriate noise levels in rooms arerecommended.2.6Sound insulation of internal partitions is linked to the degree of privacy that isnecessary, and the need to reduce noise from other rooms. The increasingimplications of the loss of privacy on the NHS have also been considered.Therefore acoustic requirements are included to allow for the raised speech thata hearing-impaired person could experience. It is, however, impractical toscreams occur.Version 1: July 2015Page 38 of 65 Health Facilities Scotland, a division of NHS National Services Scotland.
SHTM 08-01: AcousticsInternal noise levels from external sourcesPre-design noise survey2.7The design should include decisions on the layout of the site to optimiseacoustic performance.2.8Noise should be measured at site before starting the design. Ambient noiselevels will be needed in the design process. Vibration measurements may alsobe needed (for example where the site is near a railway line or when there isequipment sensitive to vibration).2.9As a minimum, the survey should cover highest daytime noise (and vibration)levels. As the facilities and associated plant usually operate at night, the nighttime lowest noise levels will also need to be measured.2.10A Competent Person (see Appendix D) should carry out the noisemeasurements at appropriate locations and times.2.11The design should be based upon noise levels that take account of anticipatedchanges on and around the site. For example, if the site will attract more roadtraffic, the increase in noise level should be predicted and added to measuredlevels. Changes in road traffic caused by other factors (such as natural growthin road traffic, other new developments etc) should also be included as far asreasonably practicable.2.12Noise produced by any buildings that are to be retained, and the effect of thenew development on them, should be evaluated.2.13The noise levels on site may dictate ventilation strategy, space planning,building shape and layout.Noise intrusion2.14Table 1 sets out recommended criteria for maximum allowable noise intrusionfor the completed building (including normal furniture).Version 1: July 2015Page 39 of 65 Health Facilities Scotland, a division of NHS National Services Scotland.
SHTM 08-01: AcousticsTable 1: Criteria for noise intrusion from external sourcesVersion 1: July 2015Page 40 of 65 Health Facilities Scotland, a division of NHS National Services Scotland.
SHTM 08-01: AcousticsNotes: Night is defined as the hours between 23.00 and 07.00.An LAmax,f limit for short-term events is included for sleeping areas and operatingtheatres. The intention is that this should apply to events that occur severaltimes during the night (for example passing trains) rather than sporadic events(see paragraphs 2.15–2.17).Where windows have trickle vents, the criteria would normally apply with thewindows closed but trickle vents open. If natural ventilation is provided bymeans other than trickle vents, the acoustic criteria are to be achieved while therequired amount of ventilation is supplied.To achieve the acoustic criteria on noisy sites, acoustically treated trickle ventsor mechanical ventilation may be required. Sealed façades may be necessaryfor the noisiest sites. The acoustic adviser should liaise with the servicesdesigner to establish what constitutes the required amount of ventilation, thesize of trickle vents, and the acoustic implications of natural ventilation. Noisefrom a service yard and other similar activities should be designed not to disturbnoise-sensitive accommodation or noise-sensitive receptors outside the site.Where possible, the service yard should be kept away from accommodation,and canopies and other acoustic screening methods should be considered.Without these, it is unlikely that noise-sensitive rooms overlooking a serviceyard can use t
8.1 Planning Check . 47 Appendix A: Partition and floor sound insulation . 50 Appendix B: Calculation of equivalent absorption area. 58 Appendix C: Worked examples of vibration performance criteria . 59 Appendix D: Glossary . 61 References. 63 time of its publication. Any party making any use thereof or placing any reliance No warranty is given as to the accuracy .
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