Derwent World Patents Index - Clarivate
Derwent World Patents IndexPolymer Indexing Hierarchy
2Copyright 2018 Clarivate AnalyticsVisit the Clarivate Analytics website at clarivate.comFirst edition published December 1994Second edition published August 1996Revised second edition published October 2000Third edition published March 2004Fourth edition published May 2018ISBN: 0 901157 19 8 (Revised Edition 2)ISBN: 1 903836 61 0 (Edition 3)All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval systemor transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, recording, photocopyingor otherwise – without express written permission from the copyright owner.
Clarivate Analytics Derwent World Patents Index Polymer Indexing HierarchyContentsIntroduction4Polymer Descriptors5Polymer Formers6Polymer Types25Natural Polymers36Modified Polymers39Chemicals43Chemical Aspects77Novelty Descriptors90Universal Terms92Shape & Form95Additives99Catalysts105Chemical Processes108Physical 1333
4IntroductionThe Polymer Indexing system is hierarchical in structure anddivided into facets. There are two basic sections to the Code –the Structural section and the Non-structural section.The Structural section contains all the chemical information andis made up of the following facets:- Polymer Formers, PolymerTypes, Natural Polymers, Modified Polymers, Chemicals andChemical Aspects.The Non-structural section contains all the non-chemicalinformation and is made up of the following facets:- NoveltyDescriptors, Universal Terms, Polymer Descriptors, Shape& Form, Additives, Catalysts, Chemical Processes, PhysicalOperations, Equipment, Properties and Applications.Within each facet there are main terms or Broader terms (BT),with sub-divisions or Narrower terms (NT); there are also UsedFor terms (UF) to indicate synonyms and See Also terms (SA),giving other related terms which may be of interest. Some ofthe terms have Scope notes, which explain the use andlimitation of the term; these are found directly below theconcept and appear within “ “. The codes for all the primaryterms are situated to the left of the concept.Derwent Powering IP Innovation
Clarivate Analytics Derwent World Patents Index Polymer Indexing Hierarchy5EnhancementsPolymer DescriptorsThere have been enhancements to the system in 2004 and1996. New concepts introduced in 2004 are indicated by (04)after the concept and likewise (96) for those introduced in 1996.For searching the new concepts using Polymer Indexing priorto their introduction, use the higher term in the hierarchy orthe ‘others’ term if available. For example, the specific termPolypropylene terephthalate was introduced in 2004, prior tothat it could be searched as the higher term Saturated polyester(P1978). However, Saturated polyester was only introduced in1996 and so prior to that the term Polyester should be searched.Another example is n-Propyl acrylate which could be searchedas Acrylic acid esters monoolefinic (G0340) or Acrylic acid estersmonoolefinic, other (G0373) prior to 9601.This facet contains functional concepts used to define thepolymer formers. Throughout the hierarchies we have used theterm polymer former to cover both monomers and condensants.If the new concept is a main term and thus not in a hierarchy,such as Dendrimer, no codes exist for searching prior to 2004.The homopolymer and copolymer terms are applicable toall types of polymer. The homopolymer term is applied to allpolymers made from a single polymer former, for example –polycaprolactone, polyvinylchloride, polyaniline. The terms inthe copolymer hierarchy are applied to any polymer made fromtwo or more polymer formers. The binary copolymer term isapplied to all polymers made from two polymer formers, forexample – phenol-formaldehyde resin, ethylene-vinyl acetatecopolymer. The ternary or higher copolymer term is applied topolymers formed from 3 or more polymer formers, for example– EPDM, polyethylene terephthalate-isophthalate. Withinthis hierarchy there are concepts for defining types of blockcopolymer, graft copolymer and grafting polymer former, star,alternating and random copolymer.Other Polymer Indexing manuals available:Polymer Indexing Thesaurus – contains alphabetical listingof all terms and synonyms with their codes.Polymer Indexing Reference Manual – contains PolymerIndexing Code List, Polymer Indexing Molecular Formula Listand Polymer Indexing Chemical Aspects Graphical Definitions.Polymer Indexing System Description – provides a detaileddescription of the Enhanced Polymer Index.CPI Plasdoc Coding Systems - provides details of thehierarchical listing by subject area of all the Plasdoc codes fromthe time period 1966 -1994. Also included is a numerical listingof all the Plasdoc Codes, both Multipunch (AM) and Key Serial(KS) codes.The format of the codes used in this facet is Hnnnn.These terms have been arranged hierarchically where possible,with the Narrower terms (NT) autoposting the more genericterm(s). Generic terms which are actually indexed, ratherthan autoposted, can be searched by adding ‘-R’ to the endof the code; thus Copolymer which has been coded shouldbe searched using H0011-R. Searching H0011 will retrieve allreferences - indexed and autoposted. For a complete listing ofall autoposted codes, see Polymer Indexing Reference Manual.The Oligomer term will be applied to alkylene oxides containing5 - 9 repeat units and to other polymers containing 2 - 9 repeat units.There are two terms used for handling macromers - Macromeras modified polymer and Macromer as polymer former.The concept for Minor component is only applicable to polymerformers within a co- polymer.The Modifying agent term is used when a specific modifyingagent is used to modify a polymer; the term Atom(s)incorporated in polymer by modification is used to indicatethe changed chemical structure of the modified polymer.This facet also contains terms for Thermoplastic andThermosetting. These terms will be applied when this is the onlyinformation available about the polymer or resin or when it isimportant. They will not be applied everytime a polymer is indexed.Each polymeric component will have either a PolymerDescriptors or a Polymer Types code applied.
6Derwent Powering IP InnovationPolymer DescriptorsH0000 Homopolymer“Polymer formed from a single polymer former”H0011Copolymer“Polymer formed from 1 polymer former”H0022NTBinary copolymer“Polymer formed from 2 polymer formers”H0033NTTernary or higher copolymer“Polymer formed from 3 or more polymer formers”H0044NTBlock copolymerUFOrdered cocondensateH0055NTA-B type block copolymerH0066NTA-B-A type block copolymerH0077NTBlock copolymer type, otherH0088NTGraft copolymerH0099NTStar polymerH0102NTAlternating copolymer“Not used for simple condensates”UFOrdered copolymerH0113NTRandom copolymer“Only used when stated to be such”H0351Dendrimer (04)“Not used for hyperbranched polymer. For hyperbranched use B5005 Degree of branching.”H0124 ElastomerUFH0135NTRubberThermoplastic elastomerH0362End functional polymer (04)“Used for any polymer with end functional (i.e. reactive) group(s) that would not normally be present. The endfunctional groups must be for use or potential use in a reaction. In addition end modification will be indexed, if applicable.Examples include vinyl terminated polysiloxane and hydroxy terminated polybutadiene. The following examples wouldnot be indexed as End functional polymer - carboxy terminated polyester, polyether polyols, NCO terminated polyurethane.”H0373NTAmine end functional polymer (04)“Polymer-C-N(CH2)2”H0384NTCarboxy end functional polymer (04)“Including salts. Polymer-CO2H!”H0395NTC-C unsaturation end functional polymer (04)“Polymer-C C or Polymer-C C”H0408NTEpoxy end functional polymer (04)“Including any group containing an epoxy group”H0419NTHydroxy end functional polymer (04)“Polymer-C-OH”H0420NTOther end functional polymer (04)SAMacromer as modified polymerSATelechelic polymerH0146 Grafting polymer formerUFGrafting monomer
Clarivate Analytics Derwent World Patents Index Polymer Indexing HierarchyH0157Atoms(s) incorporated in polymer by modification“Chemical aspects are applied with this term to represent the atoms incorporated”SAModifying agentH0168Head-to-head polymerH0179Ladder polymerH0180Living polymerH0191Macromer as modified polymer“Oligomer or polymer modified to incorporate polymerisable functional group(s)”SAEnd functional polymerH0204Macromer as polymer former“Polymer former containing oligomer or polymer within its structure”H0215Minor component“Only used for polymer former component in copolymer, maximum 10%”H0226 Modifying agentSAAtoms(s) incorporated in polymer by modificationH0237Oligomer“For polyalkylene oxides 5-9 repeat units are regarded as oligomer; for other polymers 2-9 repeat units”H0248NTDimerH0259PrepolymerH0260Polymer containing 1 Polymer Type“Excludes polymers formed by reaction through C-C unsaturation”H0271 Polymer formerUFCondensantUFMonomerH0282Polymer with structure tailored for propertyH0293Ring in backbone of polymerH0339Tapered polymer (96)“Used when the relationship between components in a copolymer changes in a regular manner - for examplethe content of one monomer increasing and the other decreasing. Not used to define the shape of an article or fibre.”SABlock copolymerSATapered fibre [shape & form]H0340Telechelic polymer (96)“Used for telechelic polymers, pseudo-telechelic polymers and telechels when stated. Telechelic polymers arethose with specifically introduced reactive or functional end groups, such as Hydroxy-telechelic polybutadiene,Furan-terminated telechels. These polymers are directly useable, without further modification, in their intended application.”SAEnd functional polymerSAMacromer as modified polymerSAMacromer as polymer formerSALiving tting7
8Polymer FormersThis facet contains specific terms and generic terms for polymerformers. Throughout the hierarchies we have used the termpolymer former to cover both monomers and condensants.These terms are arranged hierarchically with generic termsrepresented by Gnnnn codes and Specific Compound NumbersRnnnnn used for the specific compounds.The basic hierarchical structure is:Organic acetylenic monoolefinic diolefinic triolefinic and higher saturatedDerwent Powering IP Innovationexpanded to such a degree that the original format (Rnnnnn)is now exhausted and the Chemistry Specific CompoundNumbers currently being introduced are now completely alphanumeric, although they are still 6 characters beginning with ‘R’,for example RA3QZC for Lauryl acrylate. In the Polymer Indexingsystem we have decided to keep to the original format ofSpecific Compound Numbers - Rnnnnn, but now autopost theChemistry SCN where this is different.Indexing Conventions:Acrylic fibres (with no further chemical definitions) indexed as G0475.Carboxy vinyl polymer indexed as acrylic acid - polyallyl sucrosebinary copolymer.Perfluoroethers from tetrafluoroethylene and oxygen - indexedas tetrafluoroethylene polymer former and oxygen polymerformer (G2346 O-).InorganicPolyaluminoxanes from trialkylaluminium and water - indexedas trialkylaluminium polymer former and water polymer former(G2346 R01740).All the Narrower terms (NT) autopost the more genericterm(s). Generic terms which are actually indexed, rather thanautoposted, can be searched by adding ‘-R’ to the end of thecode; thus Vinyl aromatics monoolefinic which has been coded,should be searched using G0102-R. Searching G0102 will retrieveall references - indexed and autoposted.Styrene-ethylene-butene-styrene block copolymer will beindexed as hydrogenated styrene-butadiene block copolymer,unless actually formed from styrene, ethylene and butene.Likewise, styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene block copolymerwill be indexed as hydrogenated styrene-isoprene blockcopolymer, unless otherwise stated.See Also (SA) terms which relate to concepts in a different facethave the facet indicated in brackets after the term.Bisphenols are defined as having the structure below:-Polymer former concepts will be indexed for all polymers wherethe polymer formers are known, but they will not be assumed.The Polymer Formers also autogenerate the relevant ChemicalAspects. This enables very generic searching to be carried out,for example a chlorine containing diolefinic compound. For acomplete list of autogenerated aspects see the PolymerIndexing Reference Manual.The Specific Compound Numbers each have a finite set ofChemical Aspects, the generic terms autogenerate only thoseChemical Aspects which define the common structural featuresof the hierarchy.The Gnnnn codes (generic terms) can be used withChemical Aspects, all of which should be linked togetherat level 1 for searching.In 1993 when the Polymer Indexing system was introduced,the Specific Compound Numbers Rnnnnn used for the specificcompounds, were based on an existing set of codes used withthe Chemistry Fragmentation coding system and now foundin the Derwent Chemistry Resource. This set of codes hasXHOOHWhere X is a single bond or group not fused to either benzenering and the benzene rings may be substituted.
Clarivate Analytics Derwent World Patents Index Polymer Indexing HierarchyPolymer FormersG0000 ic, otherG0022 MonoolefinicG0033NT(Cyclo)aliphatic monoolefinic hydrocarbonsG0044NTAliphatic monoolefinic hydrocarbonsUFAlkenesR00326 NTEthyleneUFEtheneR00964 NTPropyleneUFPropeneG0055 NTButenes (gen)“Used when no specific isomer given”R00805 NTButene-1R00807 NTButene-2R00966 NTIsobutyleneR02047 NTPentene-1R02043 NTHexene-1R02046 NTHeptene-1R00936 NTOctene-1R02045 NTDecene-1R24026 NTOctadecene-1R02054 NTMethylbutene-1, 3 UFIsopentene-1R15485 NTMethylpentene-1, 4G0066NTStraight chain aliphatic monoolefinic hydrocarbon, otherG0077NTBranched chain aliphatic monoolefinic hydrocarbon, otherG0088NTCycloaliphatic monoolefinic hydrocarbonsR01289 NTNorbornene-2UFBicyclo(2.2.1)hept-2-eneR01140 NTCyclopenteneG0099NTCycloaliphatic monoolefinic hydrocarbon, otherG0102NTVinyl aromatics monoolefinicR00708 NTStyreneG0113NTVinyl toluenes (gen)“Used when no specific isomer given”R01410 NTVinyl toluene, 2R00725 NTVinyl toluene, 3R01417 NTVinyl toluene, 4R00673 NTalpha-Methyl styreneG0124NTHalomethyl styrenes (gen)G0135NTChloromethyl styrene “Mono substituted; all isomers”G0146NTBromomethyl styrene “Mono substituted; all isomers”G0157NTButyl styrene, t“Mono substituted; all isomers”G0168NTVinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride“Mono substituted; all isomers”9
10Derwent Powering IP InnovationR01416 NTCinnamic acidG0179 NTVinyl phenol“Mono substituted; all isomers”G0180 NTAmino styrene“Mono substituted; all isomers”G0191NTStyrene sulphonic acid salts“Mono substituted; all isomers”UFStyrene sulfonic acid saltsG4002NTStyrene sulphonic acid (96)“Mono substituted; all isomers”UFStyrene sulfonic acidG0204NTHalo vinyl aromatics“Direct halo-ring bond only”G0215 NTChloro vinyl aromatics“Direct chloro-ring bond only”G0226NTHalo vinyl aromatics, other“Direct halo-ring bond only”G0237NTVinyl aromatic monoolefinic, otherG0248NTNon-vinyl aromatics monoolefinicR01186 NTCoumaroneUFBenzofuranR00614 NTIndeneG0259NTNon-vinyl aromatic monoolefinic, otherG0260NTAcrylics monoolefinicG0271NTAcrylic acids monoolefinic“Including salts thereof”G0282NTAcrylic acid salts“Monoolefinic only”R00446 NTAcrylic acidR24001 NTSodium acrylateR24000 NTPotassium acrylateG0293 NTAcrylic acid salt, otherG0306NTMethacrylic acid salts“Monoolefinic only”R00460 NTMethacrylic acidG0317NTCrotonic acid salts“Monoolefinic only”G0328NTAcrylic acid salts, other“Monoolefinic only: Excluding acrylic acid salts, methacrylic acid salts and crotonic acid salts”G0339NTAcrylic esters monoolefinicG0340NTAcrylic acid esters monoolefinicR00642 NTMethyl acrylateR01126 NTEthyl acrylateR24081 NTPropyl acrylate, n- (96)R24024 NTIsopropyl acrylateG0351 NTButyl acrylates (gen)“Used when no specific isomer given”R01130 NTButyl acrylate, nR09390 NTButyl acrylate, tR21978 NTButyl acrylate, sR24029 NTIsobutyl acrylate
Clarivate Analytics Derwent World Patents Index Polymer Indexing HierarchyR00745 NTEthylhexyl acrylate, 2 UFIsooctyl acrylateR24055 NTHexyl acrylate, nR24091 NTLauryl acrylate (04)R24092 NTStearyl acrylate (04)R24093 NTCyclohexyl acrylate (04)R24094 NTIsobornyl acrylate (04)R24095 NTBenzyl acrylate (04R00799 NTGlycidyl acrylateG0362 NTHydroxyalkyl acrylatesR01454 NTHydroxyethyl acrylate, 2R24023 NTHydroxypropyl acrylate, 2R21505 NTDimethylaminoethyl acrylate (04)R24096NTAcryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane, 3- (04)R24105 NTIsocyanatoethyl acrylate, 2- (04)R24022 NTPhenoxyethyl acrylateG4079 NTAdamantyl acrylates (gen) (04)“Optionally substituted”R24106 NTAdamantyl acrylate (04)G4080 NTOther adamantyl acrylate (04)G0373NTAcrylic acid ester monoolefinic, other”G0384NTMethacrylic acid esters monoolefinicR00479 NTMethyl methacrylateR00653 NTEthyl methacrylateR24082 NTPropyl methacrylate, n- (96)R24021 NTIsopropyl methacrylateG0395 NTButyl methacrylates (gen)“Used when no specific isomer given”R00657 NTButyl methacrylate, nR11165 NTButyl methacrylate, tR24020 NTButyl methacrylate, sR21453 NTIsobutyl methacrylateR17881 NTEthylhexyl methacrylate, 2 UFIsooctyl methacrylateR24097 NTn-Hexyl methacrylate (04)R24019 NTLauryl methacrylateR22940 NTStearyl methacrylateR24017 NTCyclohexyl methacrylateR24016 NTIsobornyl methacrylateR24007 NTBenzyl methacrylateR00800 NTGlycidyl methacrylateG0408 NTHydroxyalkyl methacrylateR01463 NTHydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2R24015 NTHydroxypropyl methacrylate, 2R01606 NTDimethylaminoethyl methacrylateR05257 NTMethacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, 3 SAMethacrylato silanes (gen) [chemicals]R24054 NTIsocyanatoethyl methacrylate, 2R24098 NTPhenoxyethyl methacrylate (04)G4091 NTAdamantyl methacrylates (gen) (04)“Optionally substituted”R24099 NTAdamantyl methacrylate (04)11
12G4104 NTOther adamantyl methacrylate (04)G0419NTMethacrylic acid ester monoolefinic, otherG0420NTalpha-Cyanoacrylic acid esters monoolefinicG0431NTalpha-Haloacrylic acid esters monoolefinicG0442NTAcrylic ester monoolefinic, otherG0453NTAcrylic amides monoolefinicR00444 NTAcrylamideR00459 NTMethacrylamideR07701 NTMethylolacrylamide, NR21733 NTDimethylacrylamide, N,NR03538NTAcrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, 2-”UFAcrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2G4013NTAcrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic salts, 2- (96)UFAcrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic salts, 2-”R18902 NTDiacetone acrylamideG0464NTAcrylic amide monoolefinic, otherG0475NTAcrylic nitriles monoolefinicR00817 NTAcrylonitrileUFVinyl cyanideR01078 NTMethacrylonitrileR01468 NTVinylidene cyanideG0486NTAcrylic nitrile monoolefinic, otherG0497NTAcrylic aldehydes monoolefinicR00808 NTAcroleinR00433 NTMethacroleinG0500NTAcrylic aldehyde monoolefinic, otherG0511NTAcrylic acid halides monoolefinicR01453 NTAcryloyl chlorideR01466 NTMethacryloyl chlorideG0522NTAcrylic acid halide monoolefinic, otherG0533NTAcrylic monoolefinic, otherG0544 NTVinyl halidesR01404NTVinyl bromideR00338NTVinyl chlorideR00339NTVinyl fluorideR24014NTVinyl iodideG0555 NTVinylidene halidesR01405NTVinylidene bromideR00360NTVinylidene chlorideR00363NTVinylidene fluorideR24013NTVinylidene iodideG0566 NTVinyl carboxylic esters monoolefinicR00835NTVinyl acetateR22506NTVinyl propionateR01038NTVinyl butyrateR00935NTVinyl stearateG0577NTVinyl carboxylic ester monoolefinic, otherG0588 NTVinyl ethers monoolefinicR00824NTMethyl vinyl
Polymer Indexing Reference Manual – contains Polymer Indexing Code List, Polymer Indexing Molecular Formula List and Polymer Indexing Chemical Aspects Graphical Definitions. Polymer Indexing System Description – provides a detailed description of the Enhanced Polymer Index. CPI Plasdoc Coding Systems - provides details of the
Two types of patents were selected: exploited and unexploited patents. A total of 22 patents from its portfolio were selected, of which six patents were licensed to spin-off companies, another 6 patents were licensed to established companies and 10 patents were not exploited. One of the inventors has two patents, thus the actual
Abbreviations xxix PC Carli price index PCSWD Carruthers, Sellwood, Ward, and Dalén price index PD Dutot price index PDR Drobisch index PF Fisher price index PGL Geometric Laspeyres price index PGP Geometric Paasche price index PH Harmonic average of price relatives PIT Implicit Törnqvist price index PJ Jevons price index PJW Geometric Laspeyres price index (weighted Jevons index)
Patents did not start receiving numbers until 1836. Early unnumbered patents were retroactively given numbers preceded by an X. They are now called "X patents." A devastating fire at the Patent Office in 1836 destroyed all 9,957 patents issued to that date. Only 2,845 copies were recovered from patent owners, so many X patents cannot be obtained.
o 32 patents were.Lssued to the 57 RC PIs; 16 of these 32 patents were issued to the 9 PIs whose work was judged relevant, at least in part, to the grants made by RC. The remaining patents were judged'notrelateq,to RC grants. (The 9 PIs represent 0.98'1j of the 915 PIs supported by RC.) o 81 of the 130 patents (61%) associated with both NSF
bottom paints which cover British patents issued between 1667 and 1872 (6), patents granted by the United States between 1842 and 1922 (4), and German patents from their beginning in 1880 to 1940 (13). A few additional patents relative to mechanical and electrical means of preventing fouling are also included. Antifouling patents as a
1 Ten interviewees had one to five issued patents, two interviewees had six to ten issued patents, and nine had over 15 issued patents. While ten participants have filed solo patents, 11 have only filed patents as part of a team setting. . interviewed felt there were numerous systemic barriers that make it difficult, if not impossible, for
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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL. 33, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2014 1277 Placement for Binary-Weighted Capacitive Array in SAR ADC Using Multiple Weighting Methods Yongfu Li, Student Member, IEEE, Zhe Zhang, Student Member, IEEE, Dingjuan Chua, Student Member, IEEE, and Yong Lian, Fellow, IEEE Abstract—The overall accuracy and linearity of a matching .
