EXPANSION JOINT SELECTION - BELMAN

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E X PA N S I O N J O I N T S E L E C T I O N57EXPANSION JOINTSELECTIONThe successful installation ofexpansion joints in a pipe systemrequires the careful consideration ofmany variables.The most important issue is toestablish the direction in which themovements are acting and in whichway the movements should beabsorbed. Once this information isknown, the solution incorporating themost suitable expansion joint type(s)can be determined.usually divided by a fix point (betweeneach section).DrawingsIn the following pages examples ofgood practice in the use of expansionjoints in different pipe systems areillustrated. The drawings are freelyadapted from the applicablestandards and are in accordance withthe drawings available in the latestversion of the standard prevailing at thetime of this catalogues publication.The following pages give some ideasand suggestions for pipe systemdesign, and how to implementexpansion joints in the system in thebest way.See animationsBy using the WebLink located neareach examples, you can see the onlineanimations.Complex pipe systems must besubdivided into a number of lesscomplex sections, to ensure theoptimum movement absorption inseveral directions. Each section isQuestions & assistanceIf you have any questions or would likeany advice on the selection ofexpansion joints and their location inthe pipe system, please contact us.DEFINITIONSLFPFPLFP Light fix pointIAFPG1G1G1 Guide 1FP Fix point - on thestraight pipeG2G2FPG2 Guide 2LFPFPFP Fix point - placed inthe cornerB022016-1 – Subject to alterations and eventual misprintsLFP Light fix point placed in the cornerGnGnGn Following guides(Guide 3 etc.)www.belman.com

E X PA N S I O N J O I N T S E L E C T I O N59FIX POINTS, GUIDES ETC.Fix points and guides foraxial expansion jointsIt is important that the fix point isplaced as close to the axial expansionjoint as possible. It is important tonote that only one axial expansionjoint can be installed between two fixG2FPpoints. The distance between theexpansion joint and the first guideshould be a maximum of4 x diameter. The distance betweenthe following guides should be14-20 x diameter.This is illustrated in the drawings below.G1G1FP4xD G1FP4xD 14-20xD4xD G214-20xDFor other expansion joint types, theposition of fix points and guides aredependent on the pipe system andthe position of the expansion joint inthe pipe system.GnG2FP14-20xDFP14-20xDMORE INFORMATIONIf you would like to learn more abouthow to install expansion joints, pleasevisit our installation instruction,which is available online via thisWebLink: 13602B022016-1 – Subject to alterations and eventual misprintswww.belman.com

E X PA N S I O N J O I N T S E L E C T I O N6061Expansion joint selectionExpansion joint selectionAXIALAXIALLFPLFPLFPSource: Freely adapted from EN 14917Source: Freely adapted from EN 14917Straight piping section with axial expansion jointsThis illustrates the importance in theuse of the three fix points, as the useof two or more axial expansion jointsin a piping section will create anundetermined arrangement.The amount of movements imposedon each expansion joint is notcontrolled, as the pipe between thetwo bellows can move sideward freelyin both directions depending on theSingle axial expansion joint located on the large diameter side of a reducerfriction of the pipe supports and thedifferences in stiffness between thebellows. It is always important to haveone axial expansion joint between twofix points.When on the same straight pipesection, an axial expansion joint islocated beside a reducer, the loadson the small fix point should take intoaccount the full pressure thrust of theexpansion joint and, additionally, thepossible offset of the pressure thrust ifthe reducer is eccentric.LFPSource: Freely adapted from EN 14917Source: Freely adapted from EN 14917Axial expansion joints not restraining the pressure thrustThe piping system should bedivided into sections by means of fixpoints, guides or restraining tie rods inorder to have only one expansion jointwww.belman.comper section of straight pipe system.The fix points and other restrainingdevices should be designed for thefull pressure thrust from the bellowsStraight piping with offset with axial expansion jointeffective area plus the bellowsdisplacement force. Additionally, theforces generated by the friction withinthe guides should also be considered.B022016-1 – Subject to alterations and eventual misprintsShows the application of a singleexpansion joint in a pipe systemcontaining an offset. It should benoted that applications of this typeare not usually recommended and willonly perform satisfactorily undercertain conditions.As shown the pipe system is providedwith fix points at each end to absorbthe pressure, movement loading andguide friction. Where the line containsB022016-1 – Subject to alterations and eventual misprintsan offset, this load must first betransmitted through the offset leg,resulting in a movement on the pipesystem. Where the pipe system size issmall, the offset appreciable, or wherethe pressure and movement forcesare relatively high, this configurationmay result in over-stressing, ordistortion of the pipe system andguides. Note the proximity of theexpansion joint to a fix point and thedistance between the first guide (G1).Further, the spacing between the firstguide and the second guide (G2) andthe spacing of guides (Gn) along therest of the pipe system. Guidesshould be installed near both ends ofthe offset leg to minimise the effectsof the bending movement on thesystem.www.belman.com

E X PA N S I O N J O I N T S E L E C T I O N6263Expansion joint selectionExpansion joint selectionAXIALAXIALSource: Freely adapted from EN 14917Source: Freely adapted from EJMAStraight piping with bend/offset with axial expansion jointTypifies good practice in the use of asingle expansion joint to absorb axialpipeline expansion.Note the use of one expansion jointbetween the two fix points, thedistance between the expansion jointand a fix point, the proximity of thefirst guide (G1), the spacing betweenAxial expansion joints in pipe system with reducerthe first guide and the second guide(G2), and the spacing of guides (Gn)along the remainder of the pipesystem.Typifies good practice in the use ofexpansion joints to absorb axialexpansion in a pipe system containinga reducer. The fix point at the reduceris designed to absorb the difference inthe expansion joints thrusts on eachside of the reducer.Note the proximity of each expansionjoint to a fix point, the closeness ofeach first guide (G1), the spacingbetween the first guide and thesecond guide (G2) and the spacing ofguides (Gn) along the rest of eachpipe section.Source: Freely adapted from EJMAAxial pipe system expansion in a pipe system with branch connectionTypifies good practice in the use ofexpansion joints to absorb axialexpansion in a pipe system with abranch connection. The fix point atthe junction, which in this case is atee, is designed to absorb thethrust from the expansion joint in thebranch line. Note the proximity ofeach expansion joint to a fix point, thecloseness of each first guide (G1), thespacing between the first guide (G1)and the second guide (G2) and thespacing of guides (Gn) along theremainder of each pipe section.Source: Freely adapted from EN 14917Straight piping section with two bends and axial expansion jointsIn cases where a universal expansionjoint must absorb axial movementother than its own thermal growth, itcannot function as a tied expansionjoint and must be used in combination with fix points to absorb pressurewww.belman.comB022016-1 – Subject to alterations and eventual misprintsB022016-1 – Subject to alterations and eventual misprintsloading. The relative expansionbetween the two vessels results inboth axial and lateral movement onthe expansion joint. Both vesselsmust be designed to absorb the loadon the fix points. Control rods orpantographic linkages may be used todistribute the movement equallybetween the bellows and control theirmovements.www.belman.com

E X PA N S I O N J O I N T S E L E C T I O N6465Expansion joint selectionExpansion joint selectionLATERALLATERALGnLFPFPGnGnSpLFPSource: Freely adapted from EJMAUniversal expansion joint to absorb lateral movementShows a tied universal expansion jointused to absorb lateral deflection in asingle plane “Z” bend. Wheredimensionally feasible, the expansionjoint should be designed to fill theentire offset leg so that its expansionis absorbed within the tie rods as axialmovement. The tie rod should beextended to the elbow centre linewhen practical. The thermalmovement of the horizontal lines isabsorbed as lateral deflection by theexpansion joint. Only directional guidingis required since the compressiveloading on the pipe consists only of theforce necessary to deflect the expansion joint. Any thermal expansion of theoffset leg external to the tie rods, suchFPas that part of the elbows at eitherend, must be absorbed by bending ofthe horizontal pipe legs. Provisionsshould be made in the design of theguides to allow for both this deflectionand the reduced length of theexpansion joint in its deflectedposition.GnSource: Freely adapted from EJMAUniversal expansion joint in “Z” bendShows a typical application of a tieduniversal expansion joint in a threeplane “Z” bend.Since the universal expansion jointcan absorb lateral deflection in anydirection, the two horizontal pipingGnLFPlegs may lie at any angle in thehorizontal plane.SpFPGnLFPSource: Freely adapted from EJMAT ie rods to prevent axial movementA piping configuration that permits theuse of adapted tie rods to preventaxial movement frequently simplifiesand reduces the cost of theinstallation.Due to the tie rods, the expansionjoint is incapable of absorbing anywww.belman.comaxial movement other than its ownthermal expansion. The thermalexpansion of the piping in the shorterleg is, as a result, imposed asdeflection on the longer piping leg.Where the longer piping leg is notsufficiently flexible and where theSource: Freely adapted from EN 14917dimension of the shorter leg issuitable, tie rods may be installedspanning the entire short leg so thatno deflection is imposed on thelonger run from its source.B022016-1 – Subject to alterations and eventual misprintsLateral expansion joint with two tie rodsThe drawing shows the possiblemovements.B022016-1 – Subject to alterations and eventual misprintsThe piping connected at the bottomshould be guided in such a mannerthat the expansion joint is not subjectto torsion.www.belman.com

E X PA N S I O N J O I N T S E L E C T I O N6667Expansion joint selectionExpansion joint selectionLATERALLATERALGnSpFPLFPFPSource: Freely adapted from EJMAFPSource: Freely adapted from EN 14917Single expansion joint for combined movementsLateral expansion joint with three or more tie rodsThis kind of tied lateral expansion jointis used in a similar way to that of twogimbals.The only difference is that the thermalexpansion between the restrainingrods are compensated within theexpansion joints. The relevantcompression or extension has to beGnincluded into the fatigue life calculation of the bellows.As a single expansion joint is the leastcostly option, it is normally the first tobe considered. This configurationshows a typical application of a singleexpansion joint absorbing combinedaxial movement and lateral deflection.The system closely resembles thearrangements shown for axialmovement in the preceding section.The expansion joint is located at oneend of the long piping leg with fixpoints at each end. The guides arewell spaced for both movementcontrol and protection of the pipingagainst buckling. The fix point (FP) atthe left end of the pipe systemabsorbs the load on the fix point (FP)in the direction of the expansion jointaxis, while also permitting the thermalexpansion of the short piping leg toact upon the expansion joint as lateraldeflection. Due to the fix point,loading exists only in the pipingsegment containing the expansionjoint.SpFPGnLFPFPGnSource: Freely adapted from EN 14917Source: Freely adapted from EJMALateral expansion joint with three or more tie rodsThe use of lateral expansion jointswith hinged tie rods in three-dimensional piping systems can, in certainwww.belman.comcases, be critical, as rotation aroundthe longitudinal axis of the expansionjoint is theoretically possible.Rotation around the longitudinal axisof the bellow should be avoided.B022016-1 – Subject to alterations and eventual misprintsExpansion joint installed in the shor t piping legThe configuration is an alternativearrangement in which the expansionjoint is installed in the short piping legB022016-1 – Subject to alterations and eventual misprintsand the principal expansion isabsorbed as lateral deflection.The longer piping leg is free ofcompressive pressure loading andrequires only fix points and a guide(Gn).www.belman.com

E X PA N S I O N J O I N T S E L E C T I O N6869Expansion joint selectionExpansion joint : Freely adapted from EJMADIAIAHinges in a systemHinged expansion joints can, in setsof two or three, be used for absorbinglarge lateral and axial movements.In general, there should not be morethan three angular expansion jointsinstalled between two fix points, ofwhich a maximum of two can begimbal expansion joints.Source: Freely adapted from EJMAThree-hinged systemIn this case, the entire deflection isabsorbed by the expansion joints andnegligible pipe bending loads will beimposed upon the fix points.Where the distance between the fixpoint on the left and the first hingedexpansion joint C is large, a pipeguide should be installed adjacent tothe expansion joint, as shown. Thispipe guide will minimise bending ofthe pipe section between expansionjoint C and the left hand fix pointwhich might otherwise result from themovement required to rotate theexpansion joint. One or moreadditional guides (Gn) may be used tomaintain the plane of the pipingsystem and relieve the hinges ofbending forces which may be createdby external loads.Support for the piping system may beaccomplished in various ways,utilising available supportingstructures with greatest efficiency.It is essential that spring supports beused to permit the free movement ofthe piping between the expansionjoints.Source: Freely adapted from EN 14917LFPGnTwo-hinged systemIllustrates the use of a two-hingesystem to absorb the major thermalexpansions in a single-plane “Z”bend. Since the pressure thrust isabsorbed by the hinges on theexpansion joints, only fix points arerequired at each end of the pipingsystem. The thermal expansion of theoffset section containing the expansion joints must be absorbed by thebending of the piping legs perpendicular to that segment, since theexpansion joints are restricted to pureangular rotation by their hinges andwww.belman.comcannot extend or compress.The amount of bending deflectionimposed on each of the two longpiping legs may be controlled by theeffective design of guides andsupports. Where one long leg issufficiently flexible to absorb the fullthermal growth of the offset leg, theother long leg may be controlled topermit longitudinal movement only.The guides shown at the ends of thelong pipe system near the elbows areintended to maintain the plane of thepipe system only and must allow forthe bending deflections of the longpiping legs. When calculating guideclearances, consideration shall begiven to the fact that the thermalexpansion of the offset piping legcontaining the expansion joints will bepartially offset by the reduction inlength resulting from the displacementof the centre pipe system. The lattereffect may be ignored only where thedistance between hinge pins is verylarge and the lateral displacement issmall.B022016-1 – Subject to alterations and eventual misprintsLFPSource: Freely adapted from EJMAHinge system in non 90 bendThe figure illustrates the principle thathinged expansion joint systems mayalso be used in other cases whereB022016-1 – Subject to alterations and eventual misprintsthere are no 90 bends. Only fixpoints and guides are then required.www.belman.com

E X PA N S I O N J O I N T S E L E C T I O N7071Expansion joint selectionExpansion joint selectionHINGEDHINGEDPGGnEquipmentDIAIALFPSource: Freely adapted from EJMASource: Freely adapted from EJMATwo-hinged expansion joint systemIn deploying hinged expansion jointsfor the most effective use, it should benoted that in order to functionproperly the hinges do not need to becolinear. The illustration shows atwo-hinged expansion joint system. Inthis case, the expansion joints willabsorb only the differential verticalgrowth between the vessel and piperiser. Any horizontal movement due topiping expansion, vibration and windloads will be absorbed by the bendingwww.belman.comof the vertical pipe leg.A planar guide may be installed nearthe top of the vessel to protect thehinged expansion joints from windloads at right angles to the plane ofthe piping.The fix point shown at the bottom ofthe riser is a fix point only, since thepressure load is absorbed by theexpansion joint hinges.This fix point must be capable ofwithstanding the forces created byHinged expansion joint systemthe bending of the riser. Dependingon the dimensions and weight of thepipe system, sufficient support maybe obtained from the process vesseland from the fix point. If additionalsupports are required, spring typesupports should be used. The verticalpiping may be cold pull to reducebending stresses, utilising the hingesto withstand the cold spring force.B022016-1 – Subject to alterations and eventual misprintsA hinged expansion joint system maybe used effectively in applicationsinvolving movement other than thepure thermal growth of piping. Thefigure illustrates an applicationcombining the thermal expansion of apiping system with the single planemovements of an item of connectedequipment. As long as all movementsare restricted to a single plane, thebehaviour of the expansion jointsystem is quite similar to that of thesystem shown in the figure. A fix pointis required at one end of the piping,B022016-1 – Subject to alterations and eventual misprintswhile the equipment serves as a fixpoint at the opposite end. Thedisplacements of the equipment areadded to those of the piping toevaluate the movements of theexpansion joints. Planar guideclearances in the plane of the pipingmust be adequate to allow for theequipment movement as well as thepiping rotations.The compact size and structuralrigidity are the advantages of thisexpansion joint type. Through the useof these individual units, it isfrequently possible to compensate forthe thermal expansion of irregular andcomplex piping configurations, whichmight preclude the use of other typesof expansion joints. Due to the abilityof the hinge structure to transmitloads, piping systems containinghinged expansion joints imposeminimal forces on the fix points. Suchsystems can be supported at virtuallyany point, without interfering with thefree movement of the system.www.belman.com

E X PA N S I O N J O I N T S E L E C T I O N73Expansion joint selectionGIMBALFPGnSpFPGnSource: Freely adapted from EN 14917Two gimbals and one hinged expansion joint in a three-dimensional systemThis often used system absorbsmovements in any direction of thehorizontal pipes through use of thegimbals, while the hinged angularexpansion joint takes the verticalmovement resulting from the reductionof the vertical distance between thegimbals.FPGnSpFPGnSource: Freely adapted from EN 14917/EJMATwo gimbals in a three-dimensional systemJust as hinged expansion joints offergreat advantages in single planeapplications, gimbal expansion jointsare designed to deliver similar benefitsin multi-plane systems. The gimbalexpansion joints ability to absorbangular rotation in any plane is mostfrequently achieved by utilising twosuch units to absorb lateral deflection.An application of this type is shown inB022016-1 – Subject to alterations and eventual misprintsthe illustration. Since the pressureloading is absorbed by the gimbalstructure, fix points only are provided.Guides are provided to restrict themovement of each piping leg. As inthe case of hinged expansion joints,the location of pipe supports issimplified by the load carrying abilityof the gimbal structure. Since, in atwo gimbal system, the growth of thevertical pipe leg will be absorbed bybending of the longer legs, springsupports (SP) may be required oneither or both of these. Guides mustbe designed to allow for the thermalexpansion of the leg containing theexpansion joints and for theshortening of this leg due todeflection.www.belman.com

E X PA N S I O N J O I N T S E L E C T I O N75Expansion joint selectionU-PIPEIn some pipe systems, the operatingconditions can be quite challenging,resulting in special considerations forthe design of both the pipe systemand for the expansion joints. Largemovements can be absorbed innumerous ways, and with differentexpansion joint types. In many casesinstalling two or more expansion jointstogether at natural or contrived offsetsin the pipe system can be a goodsolution to absorb large movement.The same pipe system design canalso be used for the absorption ofangular movements, which would notbe possible in a straight pipe system.Why U-bend/pipe loop?The U-bend is a good solution forabsorbing larger movements. Theconfiguration of a pipe loopcontaining 3-angular (hinged)expansion joints can absorb, at aminimum, three times larger movements compared to a traditional pipeloop without angular expansion joints.The hinges on the expansion jointscontain the pressure forces from thebellows and simultaneously ensurethat movements are controlled, whichhelps to support the pipe system. Thepipe system geometry is determinedB022016-1 – Subject to alterations and eventual misprintsby the amount of movement to beabsorbed and the rotational capabilityof the expansion joints; the higher themovements the greater the distancerequired between the centre and endexpansion joints.lAs shown in the on the left,use of expansion joints in loopscan reduce the number of loopsrequired from 3 to 1Tips!Venting or draining may berequired if the loop is fittedverticallylThe advantages of this U-pipesystem designlLarge movements are absorbedllThe stress forces on the systemfix points are much reducedcompared to those fromequivalent unrestrained expansionjointsExpansion joints should be fittedas close to the elbows aspossiblelGuides should be close to theouter expansion joints to direct thepipe growth onto the bend. Theguides must allow free travel of thepipe system and expansion jointsunder all movement conditionslThe centre expansion joint in theU-bend should absorb the rotationequally to the rotation of the outerexpansion jointslIt is advisable to cold pull theU-bend so that the expansionjoints work equally from theirneutral condition. This maximisesthe available travel from the bend,minimises the height of the bendand halves the total deflectionforce applied to the fix pointslCosts for fix points are reducedlSolutions using restrainedexpansion joints can prove to bevery cost effective, especiallywhen the pipe system is installedat heights. The need for thesubstantial fix points and guidesin the pipe system that areroutinely required with unrestrained expansion joints,becomes unnecessarydue to the pressure thrust forcefrom the bellows being containedby the hinge structure on theexpansion jointswww.belman.com

E X PA N S I O N J O I N T S E L E C T I O N7677Expansion joint selectionExpansion joint selectionU-PIPEU-PIPEGASource: Freely adapted from EN 149173 hinges in plane U-bend pipe systemSource: Freely adapted from EN 14917With 3 hinges large movements canbe absorbed.4 hinged angular expansion joints in a U-bend pipe systemThe U-shaped bend shown above istheoretically able to take an infinitenumber of positions due to thefriction in the hinges and thedifference in stiffness between thewww.belman.comB022016-1 – Subject to alterations and eventual misprintsB022016-1 – Subject to alterations and eventual misprintsexpansion joints if no guide A (GA) isinstalled.This problem can be solved byinstalling a lateral guide A (GA) at thetop of the bend.www.belman.com

E X PA N S I O N J O I N T S E L E C T I O N79Expansion joint selectionPRESSURE BALANCEDLFPLFPSource: Freely adapted from EN 14917/EJMAIn-line pressure balanced expansion jointThe above shows the use of an in-linepressure balanced expansion jointused to absorb axial movements in along, straight pipe system. By utilisingthis arrangement, the two fix pointsshown are relieved of pressureloading. Since the piping is relieved ofcompressive pressure loading, only aminimum of guiding is required,primarily to direct the thermalexpansion of the piping into theexpansion joints in an axial direction.LFPLFPSource: Freely adapted from EN 14917/EJMAPressure balanced expansion joint located at a change of directionThe above typifies good practice inthe use of a pressure balancedexpansion joint to absorb axial pipesystem expansion. Note that theexpansion joint is located at a changein the direction of the piping, with theelbow and the end of the pipe systemB022016-1 – Subject to alterations and eventual misprintsbeing secured by guides. Since thepressure thrust is absorbed by theexpansion joint itself, and only theforces required to deflect the expansion joint are imposed on the piping,only a minimum of guiding is required.Directional guiding adjacent to theexpansion joint, as shown, maysuffice in most cases.In long, small-diameter pipe systems,additional guiding may benecessary.www.belman.com

E X PA N S I O N J O I N T S E L E C T I O N8081Expansion joint selectionExpansion joint selectionPRESSURE BALANCEDPRESSURE BALANCEDLFPSource: Freely adapted from EN 14917/EJMASource: Freely adapted from EN 14917/EJMAPressure balanced expansion joint located at a change of directionIn-line pressure balanced expansion joint between two process vesselsWhen two process vessels are to beconnected, a pressure-balancedexpansion joint will usually provide thebest solution. This solution shouldinclude absorbing the growth of theinterconnecting pipework, acceptingmovement due to any differentialgrowth of the vessels and catering forthe effects of any settlement. Thedesign of process vessels will oftenprevent any significant loads from thepipework being applied to the vesselor nozzles. Through the utilisation of apressure balanced expansion joint, allforces generated by internal pressureacting on the expansion joint bellowsare contained by the restrainingstructure on the unit. This leaves thespring rate forces created by thebellows movement to be contained, inmost cases these forces are significantly less than those of the pressureforces and typically are easilyresolved. The alternative to using apressure balanced system would beto deploy simple unrestrainedexpansion joints. However, this wouldrequire the installation of a structureto enable fix points to be included.This could create significant costs,particularly when the interconnectingpipework is at greater heights.In some applications, a simple in-lineaxial pressure balanced unit can beused. This style of expansion joint willaccept mainly axial movement, butcan be designed to additionallyaccept small lateral movements.In more complex arrangements,special expansion joints are requiredwith a twin-bellows incorporated toaccept greater lateral movements.If a change of direction existing in apipe system, pressure balanced axialexpansion joints (elbow or tee type)can be used to absorb the movementwithout charging the fix points or endSource: Freely adapted from EJMAconnections with high forces resultingfrom the pressure thrust. This isachieved by using an additionalequalising bellow subjected to the linepressure and interconnecting devicesbetween the line bellows andequalising bellows. Each bellowshould be designed to absorb fullaxial movement.LFPUse of a pressure balanced expansion joint on a vesselThe above shows a commonapplication for a pressure balancedexpansion joint. Under variousprocess conditions, the vessel andthe vertical pipe may expand atdifferent rates. By installing a pressurebalanced expansion joint as shown,the differential vertical movement isabsorbed as axial movement on theexpansion joint and the thermalexpansion from the centre line of thewww.belman.comB022016-1 – Subject to alterations and eventual misprintsB022016-1 – Subject to alterations and eventual misprintsprocess vessel to the pipe system isabsorbed as lateral deflection. Thepipe system may then be secured bya fix point at the bottom and furnishedwith a guide adjacent to theexpansion joint.In many cases, no external structureis available at the upper elevation ofthe process vessel and the guidemust be connected to the vesselitself. Using this arrangement mayresult in some bending load upon thepipe system, especially where thevessel is tall and is subject to windloading deflection or similar effects.Where the guide is attached to a rigidexternal structure, the expansion jointmust be designed to absorb windloading deflection, and other similarloading, as lateral deflection.www.belman.com

E X PA N S I O N J O I N T S E L E C T I O N8283Expansion joint selectionExpansion joint selectionPRESSURE BALANCEDPRESSURE BALANCEDLFPG1LFPSource: Freely adapted from EJMAG1Source: Freely adapted from EJMAPressure balanced expansion joint on a turbineThe above shows a typical applicationof a pressure balanced expansionjoint for combined axial movementand lateral deflection. Both the fixpoint at the end of the pipe systemand that on the turbine ensures thatonly guides are required. With aneffective design, the guide can bemade directly above the turbine toabsorb the axial movement forces ofPressure balanced universal expansion jointthe expansion joint without imposingthese on the turbine. The only forceimposed on the turbine is that isrequired to deflect theexpansion joint laterally.Where large

Source: Freely adapted from EJMA Source: Freely adapted from EN 14917 AXIAL Expansion joint selection AXIAL Expansion joint selection between the two fix points, the distance between the expansion joint and a fix point, the proximity of the first guide (G1), the spacing between the expansion joints thrusts on each side of the reducer.

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