4 Ideas For Activities At DAFNE-TF
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussion4 Ideas for Activities at DAFNE-TFIdeas and Motivations for DiscussionA. Drago, J. Fox, S. Gallo, W. Hofle, D. Teytelman, M. TobiyamaJ. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop1
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussion4 Theme AreasHigh-gain Transverse Instability Feedback Control MethodsMotivated by FCC, overcome limits of existing architecturesNovel Tune and Beam Diagnosticscharacterize, quantify several methodsPassive (closed loop spectra), active ( chirps, phase lockedexcitations)Next-generation Wideband Kicker structuresMotivated by HL-LHC and FCCexpand SPS 1 GHz intra-bunch kicker - 4 GHzlab tests and beam evaluationshands-on Beam Instrumentation and Feedback Schooltrain the next generation of Accelerator Scientists and EngineersIn-residence school, expands role of USPAS, CAS, JUAS, AAS, etc.Slides are to inspire active discussion and brainstormingUtilize the unique aspects of DAFNE and beam availabilityJ. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop2
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionHigh-gain Transverse Instability Feedback ControlBPMSensorFront endBeamControllerActuatorKicker structureBack endExplore new techniques required by FCC and high-gain situationsMotivated by Noise and Group Delay limitations of of existingschemesDevelop architectures with multiple pickupsreduce noise in channelhigh gain with single turn of latencyCan we develop of new processing hardware at DAFNE-TF, fortargeted use at FCC, other facilities?J. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop3
OverviewDiagnosticshigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsIntra-bunchSPS StudiesModel Based controlWideband tsextrasLimitations onon systemfeedbackgain (achievable dampingLimitationsgainrates)For any causal feedback technique, the system gain andbandwidth are limitedGain is partitioned between pickup, receiver, DSP, RF amplifiersand kickersfor FIR or bandpass filter, 2 gain limit mechanismsGroup delay/bandwidth gain limit - phase/gain margins lost as gainis increased, drive instabilitiesNoise saturation limit - input noise gain saturates kickerImpacts of injection transients, driven signals within the systemfilter bandwidthDo we see these limits in operating systems?J. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop4
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionAveraged Bunch Spectra vs. Feedback Gain 1Vertical feedback channel, loop gain 10Magnitude (counts)10Two independent channels monitoring verticalmotion, one in the feedback loop, one out ofthe loop; 11080859095100105Frequency (kHz)110115At low feedback gain a visible residual motionline due to ion excitation;Monitor channel, loop gain 10.1Roughly similar sensitivities, 250 mA in 1000bunches;10Magnitude (counts)Double the feedback gain;Again; 0.110Again;Once more; 0.310A wider bandwidth comparison. 0.510801859095100105Frequency (kHz)110115Measurements courtesy of Weixing Cheng of NSLS-II.J. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop5
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionAveraged Bunch Spectra vs. Feedback Gain 1Vertical feedback channel, loop gain 20Magnitude (counts)10Two independent channels monitoring verticalmotion, one in the feedback loop, one out ofthe loop; 11080859095100105Frequency (kHz)110115At low feedback gain a visible residual motionline due to ion excitation;Monitor channel, loop gain 20.1Roughly similar sensitivities, 250 mA in 1000bunches;10Magnitude (counts)Double the feedback gain;Again; 0.110Again;Once more; 0.310A wider bandwidth comparison. 0.510801859095100105Frequency (kHz)110115Measurements courtesy of Weixing Cheng of NSLS-II.J. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop5
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionAveraged Bunch Spectra vs. Feedback Gain 1Vertical feedback channel, loop gain 40Magnitude (counts)10Two independent channels monitoring verticalmotion, one in the feedback loop, one out ofthe loop; 11080859095100105Frequency (kHz)110115At low feedback gain a visible residual motionline due to ion excitation;Monitor channel, loop gain 40.1Roughly similar sensitivities, 250 mA in 1000bunches;10Magnitude (counts)Double the feedback gain;Again; 0.110Again;Once more; 0.310A wider bandwidth comparison. 0.510801859095100105Frequency (kHz)110115Measurements courtesy of Weixing Cheng of NSLS-II.J. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop5
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionAveraged Bunch Spectra vs. Feedback Gain 1Vertical feedback channel, loop gain 80Magnitude (counts)10Two independent channels monitoring verticalmotion, one in the feedback loop, one out ofthe loop; 11080859095100105Frequency (kHz)110115At low feedback gain a visible residual motionline due to ion excitation;Monitor channel, loop gain 80.1Roughly similar sensitivities, 250 mA in 1000bunches;10Magnitude (counts)Double the feedback gain;Again; 0.110Again;Once more; 0.310A wider bandwidth comparison. 0.510801859095100105Frequency (kHz)110115Measurements courtesy of Weixing Cheng of NSLS-II.J. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop5
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionAveraged Bunch Spectra vs. Feedback Gain 1Vertical feedback channel, loop gain 160Magnitude (counts)10Two independent channels monitoring verticalmotion, one in the feedback loop, one out ofthe loop; 11080859095100105Frequency (kHz)110115At low feedback gain a visible residual motionline due to ion excitation;Monitor channel, loop gain 160.1Roughly similar sensitivities, 250 mA in 1000bunches;10Magnitude (counts)Double the feedback gain;Again; 0.110Again;Once more; 0.310A wider bandwidth comparison. 0.510801859095100105Frequency (kHz)110115Measurements courtesy of Weixing Cheng of NSLS-II.J. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop5
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionAveraged Bunch Spectra vs. Feedback Gain 1Vertical feedback channelGain 1Gain 16Magnitude (counts) 0.110Two independent channels monitoring verticalmotion, one in the feedback loop, one out ofthe loop; 0.310 0.510 0.71020406080100120Frequency (kHz)140160180At low feedback gain a visible residual motionline due to ion excitation;Monitor channelDouble the feedback gain;010Magnitude (counts)Roughly similar sensitivities, 250 mA in 1000bunches;Again; 0.110Again;Once more; 0.210A wider bandwidth comparison. 0.310 0.410201406080100120Frequency (kHz)140160180Measurements courtesy of Weixing Cheng of NSLS-II.J. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop5
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionBeam Size vs. Feedback Gain 2Vertical beam size measuredby a pinhole camera;Vertical beam size measured by pinhole camera23A superposition of true beamsize and residual dipolemotion;2221Beam size (µm)20Vertical emittance, calculatedfrom pinhole camera data;19181716151402246810Feedback gain (arb. units)121416Beam lifetime is correlatedwith beam sizemeasurements, suggestingvertical size blow-up;Could get a better estimate oftrue beam size by subtractingknown dipole motion term.Measurements courtesy of Weixing Cheng of NSLS-II.J. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop6
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionBeam Size vs. Feedback Gain 2Vertical beam size measuredby a pinhole camera;NSLS II vertical emittanceA superposition of true beamsize and residual dipolemotion;20Emittance (pm.rad)18Vertical emittance, calculatedfrom pinhole camera data;16141210802246810Feedback gain (arb. units)121416Beam lifetime is correlatedwith beam sizemeasurements, suggestingvertical size blow-up;Could get a better estimate oftrue beam size by subtractingknown dipole motion term.Measurements courtesy of Weixing Cheng of NSLS-II.J. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop6
Overviewhigh gain feedbackJ. D. FoxTune and Beam DiagnosticsDAFNE-TF WorkshopWideband KickersSchoolDiscussion7
Overviewhigh gain feedbackJ. D. FoxTune and Beam DiagnosticsDAFNE-TF WorkshopWideband KickersSchoolDiscussion8
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionHigh-gain Transverse Instability Feedback ControlExplore new techniques to overcome noise and group delay limitsmultiple pickups ( unique betatronphases) reduce noise in channel - Nhigh gain with single turn of latency - filter computation in 1 turnScale could be modest, add several newpickups to existing processing, newfirmwareWith resources, entirely new processingplatformFeedbackprocessorCan we demonstrate new processinghardware at DAFNE-TF, for targetedapplication at FCC, other facilities?Multiple Kickers, at unique β possible tooJ. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop9
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionNovel Tune and Beam DiagnosticsExpand on methods developed to use information within feedbacksignal processingLots of information on tune, tune modulations, beam-beam tuneshifts, nonlinear tune shifts with amplitude, etc.Careful expansion of ad-hoc tools, with beam studies andtechnique refinementsclosed-loop noise spectraSpectral chirps within feedback channelspectrally-tailored excitationsclosed loop phase trackingBenchmark tools for regions of applicabilityDetermine sources of systematic errorDevelop more consistent, accurate beam diagnostic toolsPotentially new and novel methodsReport on suite of methods, best applicationsJ. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop10
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionTune measurement via in-loop noise spectraVertical feedback channel, loop gain 160Magnitude (counts)10loop gain is highest at tune resonance, sonoise is minimized 11080859095100105Frequency (kHz)110115methods to fit response to beam modelMonitor channel, loop gain 160.110Magnitude (counts)at high gains broad damped structure what is tune?can also measure open-loop noisespectra ( helps if reactive feedback) 0.110 0.310 0.5108085J. D. Fox9095100105Frequency (kHz)110115DAFNE-TF Workshop11
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionDiagnostics excitationsIntra-bunchSPS StudiesBased controlFuture feedbackSummaryAcknowledgementsBeamvia Modelchirpswithinchannelextrasexample from SPS shows 4 intra-bunch modes, tunes via spectrogramsSlotlineCommissioning -Excitation chirpsJ. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop12
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionSingle Bunch Phase TrackingDDS-based sinusoidal drive generatorDrive amplitudeFull scaleDrive frequencyz 1ACORDICsinφAφ IQcosBeam excitationPhase accumulatorBeamDrive frequency modulationIntegrator andrange limiterA CORDICIIQ AφQφIcossinDDC CICQBeam responsePhase shift setpointA single bunch is excited with a sinusoidal excitation at lowamplitude (20–40 µm);Response is detected relative to the excitation to determine thephase shiftIn closed loop, phase tracker adjusts the excitation frequency tomaintain the correct phase shift value;Adjustable integration time, tracking range, loop gain.J. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop13
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionFast Phase TrackingDecimation factor in phasetracker controls trackingbandwidth;Fast tune tracking (200 turns decimation), 4096 turn FFT0.390.389Fractional frequency0.388200 turns decimaton, 1.77 kHzmeasurement bandwidth;0.3870.3860.385180 Hz closed loop me (turns)7894x 10Use time-domaindownconversion to betterresolve tune modulation;Spectrum shows lines at 10and 50 Hz.J. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop14
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionFast Phase TrackingFast tune tracking: amplitudeAmplitude (ADC counts)1.21.110.90.8050100150Time (ms)200250300Phase200 turns decimaton, 1.77 kHzmeasurement bandwidth;200Phase (deg)0 200180 Hz closed loop trackingbandwidth; 400 600050100150Time (ms)200250300Tracking frequency vs. timeFractional frequency0.38360.38340.3832Use time-domaindownconversion to betterresolve tune modulation;Spectrum shows lines at 10and 50 Hz.0.3830.38280.38260Decimation factor in phasetracker controls trackingbandwidth;50J. D. Fox100150Time (ms)200250300DAFNE-TF Workshop14
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionFast Phase TrackingDecimation factor in phasetracker controls trackingbandwidth;FFT of tune frequency signal510410200 turns decimaton, 1.77 kHzmeasurement bandwidth;3Magnitude (arb. units)10210180 Hz closed loop trackingbandwidth;110010 110 210 310011021010Frequency (Hz)J. D. Fox310Use time-domaindownconversion to betterresolve tune modulation;Spectrum shows lines at 10and 50 Hz.DAFNE-TF Workshop14
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionNext-generation Wideband Kicker structures1 GHz Developed for Intra-Bunch feedback demo at SPSJ. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop15
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionCERN wants to explore higher frequency 4 GHz structure for HL-LHC and FCCTiming of beam tests, CERN LS-2 and LS-3 machine availabilityCould we test such a structure at DAFNE-TA? Can we lengthen the bunch ?Obvious open question - is the broadband impedance allowable for DAFNE-TFJ. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop16
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionBeam Instrumentation and Feedback SchoolExcellent existing programs in USPAS, CAS, AAS, JUAS, othersECFA Program in development for accelerator physicsBuild ties between accelerator physics and acceleratorengineering communitiesIdea - in-residence 4 - 6 week school focused on BeamInstrumentation, FeedbackTrain next generation of scientists and engineers using DAFNEJ. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop17
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionRecent ECFA Meeting - Accelerator EducationAccelerator Science Education and SchoolsE. Métral (20 min)(CERN BE/ABP-HSC &deputy director – and former student – of the JUAS school) On behalf of the teamP. Lebrun and L. Rinolfi (current and previous JUAS directors)H. Schmickler (current CAS director – deputy director: W. Herr)P. Burrows (Work Package 2 leader in European project ARIES)N. Delerue (Task Leader 2.4 in European project ARIES)Many thanks to G. Arduini and universities’ contacts (see Appendix) If Europe wants to prepare well for its future collider projects,education and training in accelerator science are crucial Are we ready to educate the new generations of acceleratorscientists?J. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop18
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionExamples from USPASAll had lab and computer exercises- would be better withaccelerator lab componentControl Theory with Applications to AcceleratorsRF Engineering and Signal processingFundamentals of Timing and Synchronization with Applications to AcceleratorsIntroduction to Low-Level Radio Frequency Systems, Technology and Applications toParticle AcceleratorsAcceleratorsAccelerator BasicsLinear acceleratorsCircular acceleratorsIntroduction to Accelerators, RF and LLRFAccelerator TechnologyWhat is Control Theory?Understanding Signals In Time and FrequencyDomainsWhat is Feedback? How does it work? What is Stability?Contributed to the USPAS 2017 SchoolJohn D. Fox, Claudio RivettaJohn D. FoxJ.D. Fox1,2Applied Physics DepartmentStanford UniversityStanford Linear Accelerator CenterWork supported by the DOE under contract # DE-AC02-76SF00515 and the DOE LHCAccelerator Research Program LARPJ. D. Fox1,2 , C. Rivetta1, T. Mastoridis3 ,Stanford Linear Accelerator CenterWork supported by the DOE under contract # DE-AC02-76SF00515January 2017First Day materialContributors:1 Accelerator Research Department, SLAC2 Applied Physics, Stanford University2 PhysicsJanuary 2017John D. Fox, Claudio Rivetta (SLAC)What is Control Theory?J. D. FoxJanuary 20171 / 39John D. Fox (SLAC)Understanding Signals In Time and Frequency DomainsDAFNE-TF WorkshopJanuary 2017LLRF1 / 33J. D. FoxDepartment, California Polytechnic UniversityWhat is LLRF?119
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionBeam Instrumentation and Feedback SchoolIn-residence 4 - 6 week school focused on Beam Instrumentation,Feedback. Sessions 2X a year?Train next generation of scientists and engineers using DAFNEUnique opportunity with LNF and DAFNE-TFfocus on hands-on exercises with beamLab exercises with associated hardware developmentincludes accelerator physics concepts, motivate instrumentationBeam InstrumentationSynchrotron light diagnosticsBunch length and other diagnosticsPosition monitors, orbit feedbackTune measurements (X,Y and Longitudinal), lattice characterizationFeedback and Instability ControlPickups, KickersModern Control methodsDevelopment of FPGA processing, signal processing codingBeam measurements, Impedances and stability3 - 6 Month Fellowship (Thesis?) possibility (project based)J. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop20
Overviewhigh gain feedbackTune and Beam DiagnosticsWideband KickersSchoolDiscussionOpen DiscussionIdea 1 - Novel High Gain Feedback ArchitecturesAdvance state-of-the artMotivated by FCC, other machinesIdea 2 - Novel Tune and Beam DiagnosticsFormalize several ad-hoc methodsReport on limits, applicability, toolboxIdea 3 - develop 4 GHz kickersBuilds on LNF, SLAC, CERN skills and reportspecial value - timing relative to LS2 of HL-LHCIs this even feasible from impedance standpointIdea 4 - In-residence Beam Instrumentation and Feedback SchoolUnique facility, hands-on trainingSynergistic with expanded USPAS, JUAS, workforce developmentBuilds ties between university faculty and expertise, lab experts and technicalexpertiseHigh impact on future of accelerator science and technologyThanks to the LNF workshop organizers for travel support toparticipate in this DAFNE-TF workshopJ. D. FoxDAFNE-TF Workshop21
Next-generationWideband Kicker structures Motivated by HL-LHC and FCC expand SPS 1 GHz intra-bunch kicker - 4 GHz lab tests and beam evaluations . 10-0.5 10-0.3 10-0.1 100.1 Frequency (kHz) Magnitude (counts) Monitor channel, loop gain 1 Two independent channels monitoring vertical
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