The European XFEL Project.ppt - Pdfs.semanticscholar
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserThe European XFEL ProjectUlrich TrunkDeutsches ElektronenElektronen-Synchrotron DESYTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk1
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserOutline TheTh XFEL MachineM hi Electron Accelerator UndulatorU d l t SSources Experiments XPCS PhPhotont CCorrelationl ti SSpectroscopyt XCDI Coherent Diffraction Imaging 2D AArea DDetectorst t Large Pixel Detector (LPD ) DEPFET ActiveA ti PixelPi l SensorS(DEPFET-APS(DEPFET APS ) Hybrid Pixel Array Detector (HPAD )TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk2
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserX Ray SourcesX-RayLight bulbincoherent,incoherentwhite spectrumBending magnetFluorescentllamp(e.g. Hg, Ne)incoherent,Line spectrumX-ray tubeLaser diodemonochromatic,coherentSASE undulatorTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk3
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserThe European XFEL Key Parameters Superconductinglinac driven SASE undulators 1033 ph/(s mm mrad 0.1%BW)peak bpeabrilliancea ce22 109 wrt. 3rd gen. synchrotrons 105 in av. brilliance Eγ 250eV 12keVEγ 250eV 12keV 100fs pulse width 3000 pulses@5MHzl@5MHOther FEL sources: LCLSLCLS, SCSSTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk4
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserThe XFEL MachineLength:g 3.4kmDepth: 12m.44m below surfaceTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk5
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserThe Linac Wmax 17.5GeV (20GeV)Ipeak 5kA5kAQbunch 1nCPbeam 600kWNbunch 3000 (3250)Eacc 23.6MV/mfbunch 5MHzfcycle 10Hz29 RF stations928 cavities116 modulesPRF 5.2MWEmittance (@undulator) 1.4mm*mrad1.4mm mradΔE (@undulator) 1MeV2 bunch compressors 1/20 @@0.5GeV1/5 @2.0GeVTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk6
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserBeam Distributionca. 1150 mU1S2U2S3S1electron beam linephoton beam lineSASE 1 (1-1.5Å), SASE 2 (1-4Å), SASE 3 (4-16Å)Undulator 1, 2 (0.025-0.25Å, 2nd phase)shafts 1 – 4Beam dump 1 – 2experimental hallXFEL, 2nd phaseTwo-stage kicker system Electron beam distribution among SASE undulators5MHz dump kicker Remove bad bunchesRemove bunches in the ramp phase of the flat-top kickerFlat-topFlattop kicker Switch between S1/S3 and S2 beamlinesTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk7
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron Laser ggain 105Synchrotron Radiation in FELsSASE principle(Self-Amplified(Slf A lifi d SSpontaneoustEEmission)i i ) Random seed–– Almost 100% transverse coherenceLimited temporal coherenceTail-head phenomena––MicrobunchingExponential growth of intensity & powerTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008saturation length 10 LgainUlrich Trunk8
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserUndulators Based on thoseused in FLASH Composed of 5mlong sections 21 to 42 sectionsper SASE sourceTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk9
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserBeamlines & ExperimentsBeamlineX-ray featuresProposed instrumentsSASE 1 12 keVHigh coherenceHigh flux3 rd harmonicPCS 1 – X-ray Photon Correlation SpectroscopyFDE 1 – Femtosecond Diffraction ExperimentsSPB 1 – Single Particles and BiomoleculesSASE 23.1 – 12.4 keVHigh coherenceHigh fluxCXI 1 – Coherent X-rayy Imagingg gHED 2 – High Energy DensityXAS 2 – X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy0.25 – 3.1 keVHigh coherenceHigh flux3rd harmonicHED 1 – HighHi h EEnergy DDensityitSQS 1 – Small Quantum SystemsXAS 1 – X-ray Absorption SpectroscopySQS 2 – Small Quantum SystemsPCS 2 – X-ray Photon Correlation SpectroscopyCXI 2 – Coherent X-ray ImagingSASE 3TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk10
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserThe Linac: Time Structure100 ms100 ms0.6 ms99.4 ms200 nsX-ray photons 100 fsTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008FELprocessav. Rate:av30kHz XFEL120Hz LCLS60Hz SCSSUlrich Trunk11
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserX ray Photon Correlation SpectroscopyX-rayXPCS techniquesG.Grübel, G.B.Stephenson, C.Gutt, H.Sinn, Th.Tschentscher, NIM B 262 (2007)357 –367TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk12
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserX ray Photon Correlation SpectroscopyX-rayXPCS splittedsplitted-pulsepulse techniqueΔt 10-12s.10-8sΔl 3 10-4m.3mG.Grübel, G.B.Stephenson, C.Gutt, H.Sinn, Th.Tschentscher, NIM B 262 (2007)357 –367TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk13
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserX ray Photon Correlation SpectroscopyX-rayXPCS pump-probe techniqueG.Grübel, G.B.Stephenson, C.Gutt, H.Sinn, Th.Tschentscher, NIM B 262 (2007)357 –367TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk14
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserSingle Molecules & Coherent X-rayX ray ImagingProteine crystalProteine molecule(Simulated images)TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk15
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserSingle Molecules & Coherent X-rayX ray ImagingFLASH (32nm 25fs 1014W/cm2 )TEM pictureof original structureDiffraction patternfrom first pulseReconstructed pictureDiffraction patternFrom second pulseH. Chapman, J. Hajdu et al.TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk16
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserSingle Molecules & Coherent X-rayX ray ImagingSingleg Molecule Imagingg gJust beforeXFEL pulseX-ray Diffraction PatternDuring thepulseAfter pulseHenry Chapman, DESYJanos Hajdu,Hajdu Uppsala University and StanfordTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk17
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserSingle Particles & Coherent XX-rayray ImagingAligning the patterns along common axis allows full3D reconstrreconstructionction of the molecmoleculeleTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk18
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserSingle Particles & Coherent XX-rayray ImagingExperimental setupTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk19
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserXFEL Detector ChallengesTime structure of the photon signalsHigh radiation dose at small angles: 104 photons per pixel per shotÎ over 3 years 1 GGy Radiation damage of silicon sensor Radiation damage of underlying electronicsÎProgram for radiation damage studies neededHigh radiation dose at specific pixels: 105 photons in 10μm x 10μm(“charge explosion”) 105 pphotons of 12 keV create: ((105 12 103))/ 3.6 3 x 108 electron-hole pairsΓplasma effect” gives shielding of drift fieldÎ diffusion before driftÎpeak broadening (space and time).Despite that, three consortia (DEPFET-APS, HPAD, LPD) took up thechallengeh lltto bbuildild pixeli lddetectorst tffor ththe XFELTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk20
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserXFEL Detector Requirements Energy 0.8.15keV No energy resolution High efficiency ( 0.8) High dose 1GGy/3a Low dead area 10% High dynamic range XFEL Timing compliant Low noise ( 1 ph) Low crosstalk VaccuumVcompatibletibl Central holeTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008E (keV)ΔE/EQERad TolSiSizePixel# pixelstilingL RateG RateTimingFlat FDark CR NoiseLinearityPSFLagVacuumOthOtherPPnX6–15No 0.81016 ph200 ddeg7 mrad500 500 20%5 105043 x10710Hz1% 1 ph 1 ph1%1 pixel10-3NoH lHolePPX12No 0.81016 ph120 ddeg100 μm3k 3k 10%3 1030610710Hz1% 1 ph 1 ph1%100 μm10-3NoH lHoleCDI0.8-12No 0.82 1016 ph120 ddeg0.1 mrad20k 20kSee text1051075MHz1% 1 ph 1 ph1%1 pixel7 10-5YesSPI12.4No 0.82 1015 ph120 ddeg0.5 mrad4k 4k10410710Hz1% 1 ph 1 ph1%1 pixel10-3YesXPCS6 – 15No 0.82 1014 ph02d0.2deg4 μrad1k 1k 20%1031065MHz1% 1 ph 1 ph1%1 pixel10-3NoH lHoleUlrich Trunk21
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserXFEL Detector ConceptsDEPFET-APSDEPFETAPS# Pixels1k 1kPixel size200μm 200μmSensorDEPFET arrayy4Dynamic range 10 phNoise 15 10-3ph 50eConceptDEPFET nonlineargain compressionPer-pixel ADCStorage8bit DRAMStorage depth 256ChallengesLinearity &calibrationIn-pixel ADCDRAM refreshPower budgetPixel areaLPD1k 1k500μm 500μmSi-pixelp2 104 ph (105 ph)0.21ph (0.93ph)700e (3100e)M ltiple gain pathsMultipleOn-chip ADCHPAD1k 1k200μm 200μmSi-pixelp2 104 ph 45 10-3ph 150eAdapti e gain switchingAdaptives itching(preset gain option)3-fold analogue512Preamplifier:noise, dynamic range &PSRRFeedback dischargeAnlogue storage2bit digital analogue 200Dynamic gain switchingCharge injectionAnalogue storagePixel areaR di ti hRadiationhardnessdTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk22
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserXFEL DDetectors:t tObObstacles,t lDifficultiesDiffi lti & ChallengesCh llCommon Issues:Droop due to leakage of Capacitors– Tunneling of electrons Switches (FETs)– Short-channel effects– Tunneling of electronsRadiation hardnessTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk23
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserCMOS TechnologyIBM cmrf8sff8 f DM (130nm(130CMOS) Proposed by all 3 XFEL 2D detector consortia De-facto standard for LHC upgradespg Choice mainly based on excellent experience with cmos6sf(0.25μm) technology Proven radiation hardness 10MradFoundry access via CERN as a second source besides MOSISLong-term availabilityPPermitsit sufficientlyffi i tl hihighh iintegrationtti ddensityit(dual) MIMCAPS can be employed as a (fallback) solution forstorage capsAll 3 projects agreed on this technology and will share the developmentof some common blocks like LVDS IOs,, enclosed std. cells etc.TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk24
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserThe Large Pixel Detector (LPD) Project (STFC)Multi-GainMultiGain ConceptDynamic Range Compression requiredExperience with calorimetry at CERNRelaxes ADC requirementsFits with CMOS complexityThreefold analogue pipelineOn chip ADCOn-chip(M. French, STFC)TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk25
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserLPD Chip Layout (STFC)(M. French, STFC)TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk26
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserLPD Sensor Layout (STFC)(M. French, STFC)TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk27
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserThe Large Pixel Detector (LPD) Project (STFC)((STFC/RAL))Principle:Tiledhybrid with500 μmpixels1288x332 ppixelsesof 500 x 500 μm(M. French, STFC)TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk28
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserThe Large Pixel Detector (LPD) Project (STFC)Super modules:8 x 2 tiles (256 x 256 pixels)HybridHb idASICsSensor(M. French, STFC)TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk29
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserThe Large Pixel Detector (LPD) Project (STFC)4 x 4 Super modules:(1024 x 1024 pixels)(M. French, STFC)TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk30
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectNoise contributionsXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserLPD Noise & Gain (STFC)Pre-amplifier feedback capacitorGain factorDynamic Range (12keV photons)Pre-amp noiseGain-stage noisePipeline noise (100fF storage)ADC noise (12-bit resolution)Total noise10022 x 100.130.130.0380.0920.2110pF1032 x 100.130.190.380.921.02142 x 00.470.991.94.65.115100.47194650Simulation for differentFeedback caps(M. French, STFC)TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk31
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserDEPFET Active Pixel Sensor Detector (MPI-HLL) DEPFET pper pixelp Very low noise (good for soft X-rays) non linear gain (good for DR) per pixel ADC digital storage pipelineMPI-HLL, MunichUniversität HeidelbergUniversität SiegenPolitechnico di MilanoUniversità di BergamoDESY, Hamburg200μm x 200μm pixel combines DEPFETwith small area drift detector (scaleable)(L. Strüder, MPI-HLL)TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk32
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron Laserchaarge (not to scaale)DEPFET Nonlinear Gain (MPI-HLL)(L. Strüder, MPI-HLL)injected chargeTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008injected chargeUlrich Trunk33
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserDEPFET Active Pixel Sensor Detector (MPI-HLL)Block DiagramPixelFilterPadS&HBufADCLatchesADC Control(Logic, PLL, GrayCoder, Buffers)AmpPixel Control,Bias, Trim,(VoltageRegulation)Slow ControlIO PadsMemoryControl,RefreshDigital MemoryAddress,, StrobesTest InjectionSlow ControlDataData Readout, SerializerGlobal control(burst/gap, refresh,triggers)RegulationBias DACs(L. Strüder, MPI-HLL)TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk34
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserDEPFET Active Pixel Sensor Detector (MPI-HLL)Dynamic range challenge is relaxed by non-linear sensor characteristicsBaseline approach:– Double correlated Sampling (read voltage or current, tbd.)– ADC in every pixel (200ns(200ns, 8Bit)– Digital storage in every pixel (DRAM w. refresh)– Serial digital readout during bunch gaps(L. Strüder, MPI-HLL)TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Key Parameters of readout ASICPixel Size200 200 µm2Number of pixels64 64 4096Chi sizeChipi 13 14 mm2, IO padsd on one sideidAmplificationDouble corr. sampling, SF or current ROTarget noise50 electronsTarget power per pixel1 mW (0.01mW w. power cycling)Digitizationper pixel, 8 bitstoragedigital, per pixel, 256-512 eventstrigger selectionYesreadoutserial, daisy chain of several chipsUlrich Trunk35
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserDEPFET Active Pixel Sensor Detector (MPI-HLL)Multi Chip Modules DEPFET SensorSbumpbbondedb d dto Readout ASICs Optional Heat spreader Flex Hybrid with passivecomponents and auxiliaryASICs (e.g. voltage regulators) Sensor (512x128 pixels)2.56x10.24 cm2 16 readout ASICs (64x64) Dead area: 10-15%2.2.8 cm connect detector units to ladder 1 ladder 128x 512 pixels 4 ladders 1 quadrant 4 quadrants 1k x 1k detector21 cm(L. Strüder, MPI-HLL)TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008detectormodule(512 x 512)Monolithic detector subunit (128 x 512)Ulrich Trunk36
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserHybrid Pixel Array Detector (HPAD) (DESY)Basic parameters Single shot 2D-imaging200 μm x 200 μm pixels5 MHz framing speedSingle photon sensitivity at 12keV2 x 104 dynamicd namic range,range usingsing 3 switcheds itched gains 200 images storage depth128 x 256 monolithic tilesFlat detectorThe HPAD consortium:ThtiPSI/SLS -Villingen:Universität Bonn:Universität Hamburg:DESY H bDESY-Hamburg:chip design; interconnect and module assemblychip designRadiation damage tests, “charge explosion” studies; and sensor designchiphi ddesign,iiinterfacet fandd controlt l electronics,l t imechanics;h ioverallll coordinationdi tiTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk37
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserHybrid Pixel Array Detector (HPAD) Concepts (DESY)wide dynamic input rangemultiple (3) scaled feedback capacitorsreduced ADC resolution (10 bit instead of 12 bit)analog digital (2 bit) pipelineC1dig. pipelindnenx2C2control loggicC31.5 bit (MSBs)Vthr VADCmaxdiscr.trimDACleakage comp.analog pipelineADC8 bit (LSBs)(column ADC or off-chip)TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk38
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserHPAD Dynamic Range (DESY)Integrator gain requirements:Effective analog resolution 8 bitAnalogue resolution always better thanstatistical noisenoise” nph“statisticalmaximum signal 104 photons1,81,61,4Output Voltage [V]O1,21,00,8rangenorm. gainCf [fF]max nph0,6111002560,421/161600409631/64640016384 n „statistical noise“ (schematic)020,2Cf 100fFCf 1500fFCf 4800fF0,00TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008500010000Number of 12.4 KeV - Photons15000Ulrich Trunk39
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron Laser100 msec “lossloss freefree” Charge Storeage in Analogue Pipeline(DESY)DiodebiasInputp StagegThick oxide, MIM caps inIBM process are (should be) okSwitch design is the challengeIR2 pfSEStorage StageOutput StageREC1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8VbCBTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk40
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserThe “hpad 0.1”0 1” chip (DESY)Intended for radiation and leakage current studies2mm x 2mm, submitted via MOSIS at26.03.2008Only test structures: Capacitors Switches (FETs) 1616--cell analogue storagearray OPOP--Amp & buffer amplifiers Minimum protection padTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk41
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserThe Analogue-PipelineAnalogue Pipeline HPAD (DESY)bump bondchipsensorHDIwire bondBase plateConnector to interfaceelectronics 2mm 220 mm64 64 pixel/chip2 4 chips/sensor2 4 sensors/quadrant/4 quadrants 1024 1024 1048576 pixel 200 mmTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk42
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserHPAD: How things will lookThe PILATUS 6M of the SLS@PSI@HPAD mechanicswill be based onthe Pilatus XFSTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Pilatus XFSModule2x4 (8) Chips perModule. 78 x 39 mm2 (XFS)50 x 27 mm2 (HPAD) 50Ulrich Trunk43
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserXFEL DAQ architecture (DESY)1D FEE2D pixel FEEcameracustom.FEIFEI.FFEIcustom or10 GE UDPTrain builder10 GE TCPTrain builder?net. switchPC layernet. switchPC layerTCP FC,FC Infiniband I fi ib d switchTCP,switchData cacheData cachePCsDESY IT standardPCsArchive silosPCsFront End Electronics (FEE)Front End Interface (FEI)interface to Train Builder.maybe not needed by 2DTrain builder layerbuilds trainssimple data processingmaybey not needed byy 1D andcameras.PC layerinterface to cacheadditional train building (?)more complex data processData cachehold analyze,hold,analyze reduce andreject datapost processing commit tosilosoC. Youngman, S. EsanovTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk44
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserSummary & Outlook SigningSii off ththe CContractt t forf theth XFEL GmbHG bH ((company)) scheduledh d l d fforend of 2008 Start of civil construction scheduled for Nov. 2008 Accelerator Modules similar to FLASH/TTF Successfully tested prototypes exist Undulators Modules based on those of FLASH 2D area detectors 3 projects Individual solutions to the dynamic range challenge Ongoing studies on possible obstacles Charge Explosion Radiation hardness (test chip) First pixels in silicon in 2009Full area detectors in 2012TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk45
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserThe European XFEL in 2012Further information atwww.xfel.euTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk46
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserThe LinacTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk47
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserBeam Distribution Kicker SystemTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk48
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserSynchrotron Radiation in FELsOscillatorSeeded amplifierSASE FELTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk49
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserUndulatorsλλugBmax[nm][mm][mm][T]SASE 1*0.135. 6101.0SASE 2*0.148190.4SASE 3**0.480.01.6βLsat Ntot Ltot .376.11572230.443.3158121128.1100.916.81550KSASE 3, 1.6nmSASE 1SASE 3, 0.4nmSASE 2TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk50
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserThe Linac100 ms100 ms0.6 ms99.4 ms200 nsX-ray photons 100 fsTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008FELprocess Wmax 17.5GeV17 5G V (20G(20GeV)V)Ipeak 5kAQbunch 1nCPbeam 600kWNbunch 3000 (3250)Eacc 3.6MV/mfbunch 5MHzfcycle 10Hz29 RF stations928 cavities116 modulesPRF 5.2MW5.2MWEmittance (@undulator) 1.4mm*mradΔE (@undulator) 1MeVUlrich Trunk51
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserExperiments with Synchrotron RadiationVisualization of a Lost Painting by Vincent vanGogh Using Synchrotron Radiation Based X-rayFluorescence Elemental MappingJ. Dik, K. Janssens, G. van der Snickt, L. van der Loeff, K. Rickers, M. Cotte, Anal. Chem. 2008, 80, 6436–6442TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk52
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserX ray Photon Correlation SpectroscopyX-rayCircular polarisedX-rays interact withthe magnetisation ofthe sample Imaging of magnetic domains Studies of collective phenomena Investigation of phase transitionsTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk53
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserSingle Molecules & Coherent X-rayX ray ImagingCoulombCl b explosionl ioffLysozyme20 fs3x1012 photons/100 nm spot12 keVRadiation damageinterferes with atomicpositions and atomicscattering factorsNeutze, R., Wouts, R., van der Spoel, D., Weckert, E. Hajdu, J. (2000) Nature 406, 752-757TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk54
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserSingle Molecules & Coherent X-rayX ray Imaging562kDa1 ffs5 x 10135 ffs1 x 10132ÅresolutionPredicted scattering from a single RUBISCO molecule50 fs8 x 101110 fsf5 x 1012TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008100 fs3 x 1011Ulrich Trunk55
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserSingle Particles & Coherent XX-rayray ImagingOrientation, superposition & reconstructionIntersection of two Ewald spheres with their centrosymmetric opposites. Centrosymmetrygives an extra intersect as there are two common arcs of intersection in each diffraction pgpattern(upper row). The images in the middle show the expected arcs of intersections in two diffractionpatterns from the experimental pyramid x-ray diffraction data set from Figure 6.4.668. Images inthe bottom row show these very lines of intersections when the experimentally obtained patternsare subtracted from each other pair wise [38].TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk56
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserLPD Memory Layout(STFC/RAL)TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk57
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserDEPFET Active Pixel Sensor DetectorTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk58
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserHPAD SimulationImplementation of the Variable Slope Integratorswitch control100 fS/Hcomparator1500 f4800 fgain switchingconservessignal chargefolded cascode amplifierIBM 0.130 µminputTWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk59
The EuropeanX-Ray Laser ProjectXFELX-Ray Free-Electron LaserHPAD Simulation Results9008001,8signal:1 phMean:Std Dev:700Size:Injection:Max. noise frequency:noise: 0.07 ph6001,6Coount5001,40.24707 V3.64826E-4 V(0.07 Photons)6757050nA (1 Photon)10GHzhighg ggain400300200Output Voltage [V]1,210001,00.2400.2420.2440.2460.248Output Voltage0.2500.2520.2540,80,6signal: 4000 ph600Mean:Std Dev:0.63615 V1.51108E-4 V(2 photons)Size:41614Injection:200uA (4000 photons)Max. noise frequency: 10GHz0,40,2Cf 1500fFCf 4800fFCountCf 100fF0,00500010000Number of 12.4 KeV - Photons500noise: 2 ph400medium gain30015000200100output voltage as a result of thedynamic gain 75Output Voltagep noise for two different inputpoutputsignals (preliminary)TWEPP 2008 15th-18th Sept. 2008Ulrich Trunk60
SASE 1 (1-1.5Å), SASE 2 (1-4Å), SASE 3 (4-16Å) Undulator 1, 2 (0.025-0.25Å, 2 nd phase) shafts 1 – 4 Beam dump 1Beam dump 1 – 2 experimental hall XFEL, 2nd phase Two-stage kicker system Electron beam distribution among SASE undulators 5MHz dump kicker Remove bad bunches Remove bunches in the ramp phase of the flat-top kicker
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
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On an exceptional basis, Member States may request UNESCO to provide thé candidates with access to thé platform so they can complète thé form by themselves. Thèse requests must be addressed to esd rize unesco. or by 15 A ril 2021 UNESCO will provide thé nomineewith accessto thé platform via their émail address.
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Dr. Sunita Bharatwal** Dr. Pawan Garga*** Abstract Customer satisfaction is derived from thè functionalities and values, a product or Service can provide. The current study aims to segregate thè dimensions of ordine Service quality and gather insights on its impact on web shopping. The trends of purchases have
Chính Văn.- Còn đức Thế tôn thì tuệ giác cực kỳ trong sạch 8: hiện hành bất nhị 9, đạt đến vô tướng 10, đứng vào chỗ đứng của các đức Thế tôn 11, thể hiện tính bình đẳng của các Ngài, đến chỗ không còn chướng ngại 12, giáo pháp không thể khuynh đảo, tâm thức không bị cản trở, cái được
scientific community requiring analytical tools based on X-rays, even when the X-ray Free-Electron Lasers (XFEL) come into full operation, since XFEL light has very different properties (very different peak brightness and repetition rate and X-ray pulse duration). Consequently, breakthroughs in key area
JS/Typescript API JS Transforms [More] WebGL support Extras What’s next? 8 Completely rewritten since 0.11 Powerful and performant Based on tornado and web sockets Integrated with bokeh command (bokeh serve) keep the “model objects” in python and in the browser in sync respond to UI and tool events generated in a browser with computations or .
