The German Research Landscape - Startseite
The GermanResearch LandscapeWho does research in Germany?
PublisherDeutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst(DAAD)German Academic Exchange ServiceKennedyallee 5053175 Bonn (Germany)www.daad.deSection Research MarketingProject CoordinationDr. Birgit Klüsener (responsible), Ruth André,Janina Fußhöller, Anna WohlfarthSection 523 – Research MarketingEmail: .dePublishing House:Frankfurter Societäts-Medien GmbH,FrankfurtEditor: VDI Technologiezentrum DüsseldorfEditor of this updated edition: FrankfurterSocietäts-Medien GmbHTranslation: Mike Gardner, Robert BrambeerTranslation of this updated edition: FrankfurterSocietäts-Medien GmbHLayout and Typesetting:trio-market-relations gmbh, MannheimNote: “Research in Germany” places specialemphasis on using language that treatswomen and men equally. The grammaticalmale form is occasionally used alone in thispublication purely as a means of improvinglegibility. Naturally, these terms are meant ina gender-neutral way.Printed by: ditges print more gmbh,SiegburgPrint-run: December 2013 – 20,000(2nd, updated edition) DAADThis publication was funded by the FederalMinistry of Education and Research.Photo CreditsAusserhofer/Himsel/DAAD (cover), BMBF/Entrepreneurial Regions (p. 38), BMU/BerndWenzel (IFNE) (p. 36), BMWGroup (p. 28),Ude Cieluch/Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung(AWI) (p. 40), DESY 2013 (p. 42), DESY2012 (p. 48), DLR/Markus-Steur.de (p. 18),Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderungder angewandten Forschung e.V. (p. 16),DKRZ (p. 44), GWI Essen (p. 30), MarioHoppmann/Alfred-Wegener-Institut (p. 46),Hofmann/DAAD (p. 32), Volker Lannert/DAAD (cover, p. 2, p. 24, p. 51), LeibnizAssociation (p. 20), Leopoldina/DavidAusserhofer (p. 12), Eric Lichtenscheidt/DAAD (p. 10, p. 14), MPG Weinsziehr(p. 22), Otto/DAAD (p. 6), Jürgen Priewe –Fotolia.com (p. 34), VDI TechnologiezentrumGmbH 2010/Layout adaptation: FrankfurterSocietäts-Medien GmbH (p. 9), Zentrum fürSonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung(ZSW) (p. 26)
The German Research LandscapeWho does research in Germany?
ContentsWelcome to the Land of Ideas! 7Research-Performing Organisations 8Universities 10Academies of Sciences and Humanities 12Union of German Academies of Sciences and Humanities 1 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft 16Helmholtz Association 18Leibniz Association 20Max Planck Society 22Federal Research Institutions 2 State (“Länder”) Institutions 26Companies/Industrial Research 28German Federation of Industrial Research Associations (AiF) 30Networks and Clusters 32go-cluster: Exzellent vernetzt! 3 The Leading-Edge Cluster Competition 36Entrepreneurial Regions 38Research Infrastructures 4Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) 2German Climate Computing Centre (DKRZ) Research Vessel Polarstern 6FLASH II – Free-Electron Laser in Hamburg 8About “Research in Germany” 0
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Welcome to the Land of Ideas!From the internal combustion enginethrough the fuel cell to the MP3 player– German inventions and discoverieshave shaped the world and changedpeople’s lives At the same time,research and development are whatkeeps a successful economy going andrepresent the key to global competitive ness Germany is the Land of Ideas “The German Research Landscape”shows who is behind this successfuland innovative centre of science andresearch: universities and institutes,networks and clusters, federal and state(“Länder”) institutions Last but not least,a crucial role is played by industry,which provides more than two thirds ofresearch and development funding inGermany Together, these partners forma research infrastructure of internationalsignificance Here, academics from allover the world are offered first-classworking conditions and an environmentpromoting communication and creativity International research institutionsand businesses can find partners andoptions for networking This booklet informs you about the background and focus of the individual actors Figures, facts and contacts complement the portraits We invite you to havea walk around the German researchlandscape – enjoy discovering it!7
Research-Performing OrganisationsScience and research in Germany arecharacterised by an excellent infra structure, a wide variety of disciplines,well-equipped research facilities andcompetent staff Germany offers variousforms of research locations: universities, non-university institutes, companiesand institutions run by federal or state(“Länder”) authorities All in all, thereare more than 800 publicly fundedresearch institutions in Germany, plus re search and development (R&D) centresrun by companies In selected fields or regions, these indus trial and academic institutions pool theirresearch and development activities innetworks and clusters to work more effi ciently and to benefit from a higher levelof knowledge Also, cooperation atEuropean as well as international levelhas become an essential dimension ofsciences and humanities in Germany Research BudgetIn 2011 the gross domestic expenditureon research and development (GERD)was 7 billion euros with more thantwo thirds of research funding providedby industry Higher education institutionsaccount for 18% of this spending andnon-university research institutions investalmost 1 % of the R&D total The proportions of public and private funding varyaccording to the type of institution andthe kind of research it conducts (basic/applied) Facts and Figuresmore than 800 public-funded research institutions; approx 100 researchnetworks and clusters at national level 67,000 staff in R&Dbilateral, European and multilateral partnerships with more than 0countriesGross domestic expenditure on R&D: 7 billion euros8More InformationGermany offers various forms ofresearch locations: universities, non university institutes, companies andinstitutions run by federal or state(“Länder”) authorities For an overview, visit the “Research in Germany”website www research-in-germany de/research landscapeResearch Explorer:This database contains over 19,000institutes at German universities andnon-university research institutions,searchable by geographic location,subject and other structural criteria www research-explorer de
Overview of research-performingorganisations in GermanyResearch institutions differ in terms oftheir type of research (basic/applied)and financing (public/private) 9
UniversitiesGermany is home to approx 390higher education institutions which offerthe entire range of academic disciplines The German higher educationsystem is characterised by a closelink between teaching, learning andresearch German universities see them selves as institutions where research andteaching are united This principle hasa long tradition and was formulated byWilhelm von Humboldt (1767–183 ), thephilosopher and founder of HumboldtUniversity in Berlin More than 280,000 internationalstudents are enrolled at German highereducation institutions Currently, almost2 ,000 international doctoral candi dates are enrolled and approximately33, 00 foreign academics work inGerman higher education That makesGermany one of the world’s most at tractive research and higher educationnations Germany is one of the world's most attractive countries for international students Facts and Figuresapprox 390 higher education institutions(including more than 220 universities of applied sciences)6 0,000 staff in total, 3 ,000 academic staff2 million students in total, 281,000 international students (11 3%)Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD)at institutions of higher education: 13 5 billion euros (2011)10
The Federal Government and theGerman states (“Länder”) have set upthe Excellence Initiative that providesadditional support for research activitiesin various disciplines at German universities From 2006–2017 a total of 6billion euros will be invested to promotetop-level research and to improve theinternational competitiveness of Germanhigher education and research German Higher Education SystemThere are approx 390 higher educationinstitutions in Germany, more than 220of which are universities of applied sciences (Fachhochschulen/Hochschulenfür Angewandte Wissenschaften) Theyoffer students a more practice-orientededucation based on scientific research The German Rectors’ Conference –Hochschulrektorenkonferenz (HRK) –as the association of state and state recognised universities in Germany is theContactGerman Rectors’ ConferenceHochschulrektorenkonferenz (HRK)Ahrstraße 395GermanyPhone: 9 228 887-0political and public voice of Germanuniversities and the forum for higher education institutions’ joint opinion-formingprocess It currently has 268 memberinstitutions at which more than 9 % of allstudents in Germany are registered Research ActivitiesUniversities and other higher education institutions offer a broad spectrumof research activities, including basicresearch, applied research and develop ment 32% of researchers work in thenatural sciences and mathematics, 29%in the humanities and social sciences,22% in engineering sciences, 1 % inmedical science and 3% in agriculturalsciences Roughly two thirds of theover 90,000 researchers engaged inR&D work at universities In addition,there are some 10,000 funded doctoralstudents and more than 12,000 scientistsconducting research at university medicalinstitutions Research BudgetGross domestic expenditure on researchand development (GERD) at institutionsof higher education totals approx 13 billion euros (2011) and is borne by thepublic (81 2%), industry (13 9%) and international funding ( 8%) (2010) More InformationGerman Rectors' Conference/Hochschulrektorenkonferenz (HRK): www hrk deInteractive Research Map: www hrk de/activities/research-mapSearch engine providing extensive information on Germany's higher educationinstitutions: www higher-education-compass deVisit www daad de to get information about the German higher education system:“Information for Foreigners” “10 steps to studying in Germany” “Looking forcourses” “Finding the right university” 11
Academies of Sciences and HumanitiesThe academies within the Union were founded between 1700 and 200 The National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina was founded in 16 2,acatech in 2002 12
The functions of the German academiesof sciences and humanities includeproviding guidance and advice topolicymakers and society as a wholerelating to general and specific issuesof science and the humanities, includingemerging issues They organise sympo sia and public events, with which theymake a valuable academic contributionto the dialogue between research, soci ety and industry With opinions basedon excellent expert knowledge, theacademies support policymakers andthe public in finding suitable answers tocurrent issues and problems In addition, a key mission of the acad emies is the coordination and supportof long-term basic research projectsand the development and cultivation ofinterdisciplinary dialogue Two examples of these academies arethe National Academy of SciencesLeopoldina and acatech – NationalAcademy of Science and Engineering Leopoldina – National Academy ofSciencesThe German Academy of SciencesLeopoldina was founded in 16 2 andappointed as the German NationalAcademy of Sciences in 2008 Todaythe Leopoldina provides academicallysound advice to both policymakers andsociety as a whole and represents theGerman scientific community in interna tional committees acatech – National Academy ofScience and Engineeringacatech – the National Academy ofScience and Engineering – representsthe interests of Germany’s science andtechnology communities at home andabroad As a working academy, aca tech supports policymakers and societywith expert scientific opinions in theirrespective fields and forward-lookingrecommendations More InformationNational Academy of SciencesLeopoldina:www leopoldina orgacatech – National Academy ofScience and Engineering:www acatech de13
Union of German Academies of Sciences andHumanitiesThe Union of German Academies ofSciences and Humanities is comprisedof eight academies based in Berlin,Düsseldorf, Göttingen, Hamburg, Hei delberg, Leipzig, Mainz and Munich The aim of the Union is to coordinatethe basic research of the Union’s mem ber academies and to support themin enhancing their profile at home andabroad The member academies of theUnion have elected more than 1,900scientists and scholars from a widerange of disciplines as ordinary, corre sponding and extraordinary members Facts and Figures8 academies in the Unionmore than 1,900 scientists and scholarsclose cooperation with researchers and foundations abroadannual budget of the Academies’ Programme (2013): approx. 57 million euros1
Academies’ ProgrammeThe Academies’ Programme (Akademienprogramm) is coordinated by the Unionof German Academies of Sciencesand Humanities It is one of the largestGerman research programmes in the hu manities, bringing together 1 0 researchand publication projects of the acad emies under one umbrella It involves atotal of 1 0 projects with 200 workinggroups (2013) The projects consist of22 dictionaries and 118 editions in thehumanities, eight long-term studies in thenatural sciences and two basic researchprojects in social sciences and culturalstudies ContactUnion of German Academies ofSciences and HumanitiesUnion der deutschen Akademien derWissenschaftenHead OfficeGeschwister-Scholl-Straße 255GermanyPhone: 9 6131 218 28-0The eight academies in the Union are:· Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sci ences and Humanities (1992/1700),seat: Berlin and Potsdam· Göttingen Academy of Sciencesand Humanities (17 1)· Bavarian Academy of Sciences andHumanities (17 9), seat: Munich· Saxonian Academy of Sciences andHumanities in Leipzig (18 6)· Heidelberg Academy of Sciencesand Humanities (1909)· Academy of Sciences and Literature,Mainz (19 9)· North Rhine-Westphalian Academyof Sciences, Humanities and the Arts(1970), seat: Düsseldorf· Academy of Sciences andHumanities in Hamburg (200 )Research BudgetAs part of their service role, the acad emies also administer the Academies’Programme, which is funded equally bythe German states (“Länder”) and theFederal Government with a total budgetof 7 million euros (2013) As the individual academies of sciences are stateinstitutions rather than federal institutions,their basic budgets are funded solely bytheir respective states More InformationUnion of German Academies of Sciences and Humanities:www akademienunion deClick on the menu headings “The Union” “International Relations” to findfurther information on the international memberships of the Union 1
Fraunhofer-GesellschaftThe Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft conductsapplied research for both private andpublic enterprises as well as for thegeneral benefit of the public Theassociation takes its name from Josephvon Fraunhofer (1787–1826), theillustrious Bavarian researcher, inventorand entrepreneur The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft is thelargest organisation for appliedresearch in Europe It conducts researchunder contract for industry, the servicesector and public administration andalso offers information and services One of its most famous inventions isMP3, which was developed by theFraunhofer Institute for IntegratedCircuits (IIS) MP3 is the most widelyused method for encoding anddecoding digital audio data MP3 was invented by Fraunhofer IIS Facts and Figures66 Fraunhofer Institutes and research facilities at differentlocations in Germanyapprox 22,000 staff; the majority are scientists and engineersresearch centres, representative offices and senior advisors in Europe,North and South America, Asia, Australia, the Middle East and Africaannual budget: approx 1 9 billion euros16
Research ActivitiesThe Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft works ondifferent areas of research such asinformation and communicationtechnology, life sciences, microelectron ics, surface technology, photonics,production, defence and security,materials and components · Fraunhofer project centres in Greece,Poland, Hungary, Canada, Brazil,Japan, Singapore and Australia· Representative offices in Japan, China,Indonesia, Korea and India· Fraunhofer senior advisors in Brazil,the United Arab Emirates, Egypt andSouth AfricaInternational CooperationThe Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft hasresearch centres, representative officesand senior advisors in the world’s majoreconomic regions:· Fraunhofer Brussels office· Fraunhofer subsidiaries in the UnitedStates, Austria, Portugal, Italy, UnitedKingdom, Sweden and ChileIn addition, Fraunhofer participates ininternational networks and organisa tions like ERCIM (European ResearchConsortium for Informatics and Math ematics), EARTO (European Associationof Research and Technology Organisa tions), GRA (Global Research Alliance)and WAITRO (World Association ofIndustrial and Technological ResearchOrganizations) ContactFraunhofer-GesellschaftHeadquartersPostfach 20073380007 MunichGermanyPhone: 9 89 120 -0Research BudgetThe annual research budget amounts to1 9 billion euros Of this sum, 1 6 billioneuros is generated by contract research More than 70% of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft’s contract research revenue isderived from arrangements with industryand from publicly financed researchprojects Almost 30% is contributed bythe German Federal Government andthe states (“Länder”) in the form of basefunding More InformationFraunhofer-Gesellschaft, FraunhoferInstitutes and research establishments:www fraunhofer de17
Helmholtz AssociationThe Helmholtz Association of GermanResearch Centres conducts advancedscientific research on behalf of society,science and industry to address themajor challenges of the present TheHelmholtz Association is the largestscientific organisation in Germany Itswork follows the tradition of the greatnatural scientist Hermann von Helmholtz(1821–189 ) Scientists in 18 HelmholtzCentres work on a wide variety oftopics in areas ranging from health, theenvironment and energy to fundamentalresearch such as elementary particlephysics Solarthermal power station (Plataforma Solar de Almería) Facts and Figures18 research centres (scientific-technical and biological-medicalresearch centres)approx 3 ,000 staff; more than 12,000 scientists and engineers (2013)and 7, 00 visiting scientists (2011)international collaborative research projects in Europe, America and Asiaannual budget: approx 3 8 billion euros (2013)18
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The German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina was founded in 16 2 and appointed as the German National Academy of Sciences in 2008 Today the Leopoldina provides academically sound advice to both policymakers and society as a whole and represents the German scientific community in interna tional committees acatech – National Academy of Science and Engineering acatech – the National Academy of .
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
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