Cessna Aircraft Short & Soft Field Techniques Introduce .

Cessna AircraftShort & Soft FieldTakeoff & LandingTechniquesCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations1 February 2017

Objectives / Content For short- and soft-fieldtakeoff and landingoperations in CAP Cessnaaircraft, review:– Standards (from ACS)– Procedures (from POH/AFM)– Techniques (from experience)– Risk management anddecision-making for short- andsoft-field operationsCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations1 February 2017

The information in this briefing is intended to serve as adeparture point for discussion during CAP flightevaluations and transition training. It should not beinterpreted or used as a substitute for the detailedinformation provided in the Airplane Flying Manual orPilot’s Operating Handbook for each aircraft model.CAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations1 February 2017

ACS – Short-Field Takeoff StandardsCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations1 February 2017

Short-Field Procedures (POH/AFM)For Your Specific Model AircraftTakeoffCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field OperationsLanding1 February 2017

Short Field Takeoff Techniques Use all available runway for takeoffSet flaps per the POHUse a Static TakeoffHold the brakes while setting takeoff power with yoke slightly aft ofneutral to keep weight off nose wheel After brake release, vary elevator control as necessary to maintainslightly nose high sight picture Approaching rotation speed, the airplane should be firmly andsmoothly lifted off the surface to a pitch attitude that will result inreaching obstacle clearance speed at 50’ AGL The landing gear and flaps should remain in takeoff position untilclear of obstacles (or as recommended by the manufacturer)CAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations61 February 2017

Short Field Takeoff Common Errors Improper use of flapsFailure to use all available runwayLift-off or rotation prematureImproper application of powerPoor directional control on takeoffBrakes improperly used during takeoffFailure to firmly rotate at the specified rotation speed and achieveObstacle Clearance Speed at 50’ AGL per the POH Failure to maintain appropriate climb speedCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations71 February 2017

ACS – Short-Field Landing StandardsCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations1 February 2017

Short Field Landing Techniques In smooth air, use the airspeed and flap setting recommended in thePOH with enough power to control glide path In turbulent air, slightly higher airspeeds should be used Once clear of obstacles, smoothly reduce power and maintain airspeedby lowering the nose Touchdown should be made on the main wheels first with the power off Immediately after touchdown, lower the nose and apply heavy brakingas required (simulate heavy braking for training) For maximum brake effectiveness, retract flaps and apply maximumbrake pressure without sliding the tires(Recommend not reconfiguring flaps until clearof runway to reduce risk of loss of control)CAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations91 February 2017

Short Field Landing Common Errors Required landing distance exceeds available runway lengthPoor airspeed controlLanding configuration established latePower control and monitoring inadequateUnstable approachImproper use of flapsFailure to trim properlyIgnoring checklistHard impact or bounce at touchdownExcessive brake applicationGo-around situation not recognizedCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations101 February 2017

Short Field Landing ErrorsCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations111 February 2017

Short Field Landing ErrorsCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations121 February 2017

Short Field Landing ErrorsCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations131 February 2017

ACS – Soft-Field Takeoff StandardsCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations1 February 2017

Soft-Field Procedures (POH/AFM)For Your Specific Model AircraftTakeoffCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field OperationsLanding1 February 2017

Soft Field Takeoff Techniques Taxi on soft surfaces with full aft yoke Set flaps per the POH Use a rolling takeoff (do not stop while setting takeoff power) with yokeslightly aft of neutral to keep weight off nose wheel Smoothly increase power to maximum as airspeed increases Vary elevator control as airspeed increases to maintain slightly nosehigh sight picture Lift off at lowest possible airspeed and lower nose to accelerate inground effect until a safe flap retraction speed is reached per the POH If obstacles are present, accelerate in ground effect until reaching theobstacle clearance speed per the POH Once obstacles are cleared, increase to a safe flap retraction speedper the POHCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations161 February 2017

Techniques - The Right AttitudeAttitude for takeoff: Note nose wheel just off ground 7-8 degrees nose upVery important: This attitude for takeoff and landingprevents tail strikes and provides a visual referencefor directional control. Sight picture fromcockpit for takeoff. Note end of runwayon nose.17CAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations1 February 2017

Techniques - The Wrong AttitudeAn attitude of 12.5 degrees willresult in a tail strikeAt this attitude, you cannot see therunway resulting in a tail strike.18CAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations1 February 2017

Soft Field Takeoff Common Errors Improper use of flapsAirplane stopped on runway prior to takeoffImproper application of powerPoor directional control on takeoffBrakes improperly used during takeoffExcessive pitch attitudeDrifting uncontrolled during initial climbTouchdown inadvertently after lift-offCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations191 February 2017

Soft Field Takeoff ErrorsCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations201 February 2017

Soft Field Takeoff ErrorsCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations211 February 2017

ACS – Soft-Field Landing StandardsCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations1 February 2017

Soft Field Landing Techniques Use a normal landing technique (i.e. flap setting appropriate forrunway and wind conditions) Hold the airplane 1-2’ off the surface as long as possible whiledissipating airspeed. Add power to control descent rate.– Power controls rate of descent– Retarding power abruptly will result in a hard landing Touch down at or near stall speed, under power with minimum sink,slightly tail low to prevent nosing over Hold the nose wheel off the surface as long as possible Taxi on soft surfaces with full aft yokeCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations231 February 2017

Soft Field Landing Common Errors Required landing distance exceeds available runway lengthPoor airspeed controlLanding configuration established lateThrottle closed too abruptly or quicklyUnstable approachImproper use of flapsFailure to trim properlyExcessive descent rateHard impact or bounce at touchdownNose wheel lowered prematurelyBrakes improperly usedGo-around situation not recognizedCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations241 February 2017

Soft Field Landing ErrorsCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations251 February 2017

Soft Field Landing ErrorsCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations261 February 2017

Soft Field Landing ErrorsCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations271 February 2017

Soft Field Landing ErrorsCAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations281 February 2017

Risk Management Reminders Threshold Questions:–––– Do I really need to operate from a short or soft field?If so, am I current, capable, and proficient in these operations?Are there crosswind or gusty wind conditions?Consider doing practice short/soft takeoffs and landings on a long, wide runway to havemore options available in case things go sourReminders:–––––Establish & maintain a stabilized approachKeep sight picture on end of the runwayNever attempt to save a landingMake the go-around decision earlyInstructor/Check Pilot must always guard the controls!CAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations291 February 2017

CAP – Cessna Short- and Soft-Field Operations 1 February 2017 . ACS – Short-Field Takeoff Standards . Review ACS Short Field Takeoff standards.\爀屲Takeoffs and climbs from fields where the takeoff area is short or the available t\ൡkeoff area is restricted by obstructions require that the pilot operate the airplane at the limit of its takeoff performance ca對pabilities.