Session Four: Deck Safety - Cdc.gov
Session FourSession four:deck safetyFaroese fishermen at work (Photo courtesy of Anna Maria Simonsen)Second Conference on International Fishing Industry Safety and Health43
Session Four44Proceedings
USE OF OPERATING HAZARD ANALYSISTO REVIEW ON-DECK PROCEDURES INCOMMERCIAL CRAB FISHINGDonald S. Bloswick, PhD, PE, CPEUniversity of UtahDepartment of Mechanical Engineering50 S. Central Campus DriveSalt Lake City, Utah, USAE-mail: bloswick@mech.utah.eduBradley J. Husberg, MSPH, BSNCenters for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthDivision of Safety Research, Alaska Field StationAnchorage, Alaska, USAEric Blumhagen, PEJensen Maritime ConsultantsSeattle, Washington, USAIntroductionInformation from 1991-1998 indicates that commercial fishing in Alaskahas an occupational fatality rate approximately 28 times the rate for USworkers in general (Thomas, Lincoln et al. 2001). Lincoln notes that withinthe commerical fishing industry, the Alaska shellfish fishery has the highestfatality rate, which is approximately twice as high as the rate for herring, thefishery with the next highest rate.Until recently, when surpassed by construction, commercial fishing has alsoresulted in the largest number of work-related injuries in Alaska industry(Husberg, Lincoln et al. 2001). In 1983, injury rates for the Dungeness, tanner, and king crab fisheries were among the highest of all fisheries (Bender1992). Being struck by crab pots has been found to be the single most common cause of injury due to equipment (Thomas, Lincoln et al. 2001).Second Conference on International Fishing Industry Safety and Health45
Deck SafetyCrab deck safety hazardsOne result of the Second National Fishing Industry Safety and HealthWorkshop held in 1997 was the recommendation to “perform job hazardanalysis on those tasks associated with increased injuries” (Klatt and Conway2000). Tomasson (2002) proposed a review of all work procedures on boardships to reveal which work procedures were hazardous. Thomas et al. (2001)suggested that efforts are required to “better define the relationship betweenthe vessel, fishing equipment, and the fishermen” and noted that while datawere lacking on the human aspect of the system, “additional strategies to improve safety need to address the interaction between the vessel, its equipmentand machinery, and the worker.” Husberg, Lincoln, et al. (2001) emphasizedthat there was a need to examine the deck environment from a “mechanicaland safety engineering perspective.” They also noted the use of “cranes, ‘powerblocks,’ pulleys, winches, lines, nets, crab pots, and crab pot launchers” is anissue requiring attention.Operating hazard analysisThis paper uses operating (and support) hazard analysis (OHA) to analyzesystematically the job hazards in several on-deck tasks in commercial crabfishing. Examples from cod fishing with pots are also used. OHA is a systems safety technique often used to (1) describe and quantify (to the extentpossible) the hazard associated with processes that are inherently dangerousor in which human error is likely to cause injury or property damage and (2)provide recommended risk reduction alternatives during all phases of tasksor operations. OHA concentrates on the performance of people and theirrelationships to potential task hazards. For a particular on-deck operation,severity and probability can be quantified (to some extent) through the useof epidemiological and historical data and from estimates by knowledgeablepersonnel. The OHA procedure presented here is a modification of thatpresented by Vincoli (1993). It should be noted that in this paper, “hazard” isdefined as a condition with the potential to cause injury or property damage.The existence of a hazard does not imply an inevitable result. The factorsappearing frequently in marine casualty literature are listed below (NationalResearch Council, Marine Board Committe on Fishing Vessel Safety 1991). Fatigue/stress. Improper or inadequate procedures (including inadequate or unsafeloading and stability practices and inadequate watchkeeping). Improper maintenance. Inattention (including carelessness).46Proceedings
Bloswick, Don Inadequate human engineering in design.Inadequate physical condition.Incapacitation through use of alcohol and drugs.Inexperience (including inadequate knowledge and skills and insufficient familiarity with the vessel or fishing activity).Judgmental errors (including risk-taking and faulty decision-making).Navigational/operator error (including inexperience and errors injudgment).Neglect (including willful negligence).Personnel relationships.Working conditions.The intent of this paper is to provide a starting point for the use of systemssafety procedures to analyze systematically on-deck commercial fishingoperations. The commercial crab fisheries are featured in this study. Themethods may be used in other fisheries making up the commercial fishingindustry. Abatement recommendations are presented; however, some arethe result of previous studies and are not the primary intent of this paper.A form (Figure 1) to facilitate the application of OHA is illustrated. Thisform is an expansion of one presented by Vincoli (1993).The initial entries on the form are a simple list of each procedure or task(with an identifying number) and a description of the potentially hazardousconditions in the task. The cause (if known) of this hazardous conditionand possible effect are next noted. Completion of the form also requiresan estimate of the frequency(Table 1), severity (Table 2), and detectability(possibility that the hazardous condition will be detected before it results inan adverse event) (Table 3) for each condition. A general measure of concern for the potentially hazardous condition can be estimated by combiningfrequency, severity, and detectability.FrequencyThe hazard frequency levels presented in Table 1 are based on those included in MIL-STD 882B (US Department of Defense 1984). The frequencylevels represent a qualitative judgment of the likelihood that a mishap willoccur if the hazard is not corrected.Second Conference on International Fishing Industry Safety and Health47
Deck SafetyCrab deck safety hazardsMODIFIED OPERATING & SUPPORT HAZARD ANALYSISSYSTEM:On-Deck Commercial Crab FishingOperational Mode:Performed By:Page ofITEMPROCEDURE OR CTFREQ SEV DETCONCERNLEVELASSESSMENTRECOMMENDATIONAND STATUSFigure 1: Form for operating and support hazard analysisTable 1: Hazard probability y, but may possibly occur in the life of anitemOccasional2Likely to occur sometime in the life of an itemProbable3Will occur several times during the life of anitemFrequent4Likely to occur frequentlySeverityIn a similar fashion, hazard severity levels are presented in Table 2 (USDepartment of Defense 1984). The severity levels represent a qualitativejudgment of the relative severities of the outcome of the uncorrected hazard.48Proceedings
Bloswick, DonTable 2: Hazard severity Less than minor injury, occupational illness,or system damageMarginal2Minor injury, occupational illness, or systemdamageCritical3Severe injury, occupational illness, or system damageCatastrophic4Death or system lossDetectabilityThe detectability metric is intended to reflect the probability that a hazardwill be detected and corrected before it results in a mishap. The use of thismetric assumes that detected hazards will be corrected, which is not necessarily a correct assumption. (A measure of detectability is sometimes included as part of the judgment of frequency or the likelihood that a mishapwill result from a particular hazard.) Table 3 contains possible measures ofdetectability.Table 3: Hazard detectability categoriesDescriptionLevelDefinitionEasy1Hazard obvious.Knowledge of hazard is “second nature.Moderate2Hazard can be detected with usual effort.Operators generally aware of hazard.Difficult3Hazard can be detected with unusual effort.Operators may be aware of hazard.Improbable4Existence of hazard usually not detected.Operators generally unaware or unconcernedabout hazard.The evaluation of detectability is sometimes a critical component whenevaluating the hazards of mechanical systems. In the case of on-deck crabfishing operations, this metric will also include a measure of the operator’slikely awareness of the hazard. Frequency, severity, and detectability arecombined to represent a concern level. The concern level is a general measureof how resources should be allocated to get the most “bang for the buck.”The combination of frequency, severity, and detectability may be qualitativeor quantitative through addition or multiplication of the three scores. Inthis paper, the three metrics are multiplied to accentuate potentially highhazard procedures. The assessment column provides for any needed discusSecond Conference on International Fishing Industry Safety and Health49
Deck SafetyCrab deck safety hazardssion of the concern level and the recommendation and status column allowsfor summary recommendations to be proposed and abatement status to berecorded.General procedures in crab fishingOn-deck procedures during crab fishing, or other fishing operations utilizingpots, vary somewhat depending on the size and design of the boat on whichthe operations take place. However, several things must happen, regardless ofboat size, that relate directly to the fishing operation. For example, the potsmust be loaded onto the boat, moved to the launcher, prepared for launching, launched, retrieved, emptied, moved to on-deck storage, and unloadedfrom the boat. In addition, bait must be prepared, and the catch must be offloaded from the hold. Support activities, such as loading supplies on board,general boat maintenance and repair, and galley operations, are not included.A sequential list of the general procedures in crab fishing is given below. . Load/off-load crab pots to/from on-deck storage; stack and secure onboat. . Move pots from on-deck storage stack to launcher. . Prepare pot for initial launching, coil line, bait pot, secure door.4. Launch pot and throw out line and buoys.5. Retrieve buoys, connect line to power block, bring in pot.6. Attach pot to picking boom crane and move pot to launcher.7. Move sorting table, transfer catch from pot to table.8. Sort and move crab to hold.9. Prepare pot for repeat launching (approximately the same as procedure3) and repeat steps 4-8.10. Move pots from launcher to on-deck storage.Major items not in the above sequence include chopping bait and generalon-deck movement. These procedures are illustrated in Figures 2 through12 by number. Estimates of frequency, severity, and detectability are basedon entries into ATR for 1991-1998 (n 80) and the best initial estimates bya small group of professionals with experience in commercial on-deck crabfishing activities. It is anticipated and desirable that the identification of potentially hazardous conditions, as well as estimates of frequency, severity, anddetectability, will be modified with further review of existing epidemiological data, the use of additional years of trauma registry data, and additionalinput from interested parties. The concern levels are intended to represent a50Proceedings
Bloswick, Donrelative ranking of the hazardous conditions in the included procedures andtasks. As noted earlier, the intent of this paper is to provide a starting pointfor the use of systems safety procedures to analyze on-deck commercial crab(or other) fishing operations systematically. While draft recommendationsare sometimes presented, they are generally the result of previous studies andintended to stimulate discussion. They are not intended to be the primaryresult of this paper.ReferencesBender TR (1994). Commercial fishing fatalities: US regional comparisons. InProceedings of the National Fishing Industry Safety and Health Workshop (Anchorage, Alaska, Oct. 9-11, 1992), Myers ML and Klatt ML, eds. Cincinnati, OH:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Pub.No. 94-109.Husberg BJ, Lincoln JM et al. (2001). On-deck dangers in the Alaskan commercialfishing industry. Marine Safety Council.Lincoln JM, Husberg, BJ, and Conway GA (2001). Improving safety in the Alaskancommercial fishing industry. Internat. Journal of Circumpolar Health 60(4):705-713.Klatt ML and Conway GA (2000). Working group recommendations. In Proceedings of the Second National Fishing Industry Safety and Health Workshop (Seattle, Washington, Nov. 21-22, 1997), Klatt ML and Conway GA, eds. Cincinnati,OH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. DHHS (NIOSH)Pub. No. 2000-104.National Research Council (1991). Fishing vessel safety: Blueprint for a nationalprogram. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.Thomas TK, Lincoln JM et al. (2001). Is it safe on deck? Fatal and non-fatal workplace injuries among Alaskan commercial fishermen. American Journal of IndustrialMedicine 40: 693-702.Tomasson G (2002). Safety management on board Icelandic fishing vessels. InProceedings of the International Fishing Industry Safety and Health Conference(Woods Hole, Massachusetts, Oct. 23-25, 2000), Lincoln JM, Hudson DS et al.,eds. Cincinnati, OH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.DHHS (NIOSH) Pub. No. 2002-147.Vincoli JW (1993). Basic Guide to System Safety. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.Second Conference on International Fishing Industry Safety and Health51
Deck SafetyCrab deck safety hazardsFigure 2 : Load/off-load crab potsFigure 3. Move pots from on-deckstorage stack to launcherFigure 4: Prepare pot for initiallaunchingFigure 5: Lauch pot and throw out lineand buoysFigure 6: Retrieve buoys, connect lineto power pot, bring in pot52Figure 7: Attach pot to picking boomcrane and move pot to launcherProceedings
Bloswick, DonFigure 8: Move sorting table, transfercatch from pots to tableFigure 9: Move and sort crab to holdFigure 10: Move pots from launcher toon-deck storageFigure 11: Chop baitFigure 12: General on-deck movementSecond Conference on International Fishing Industry Safety and Health53
Deck SafetyCrab deck safety hazardsPots move without worker Crushing injuryknowledgeMusculoskeletalinjury/illness1224 Worker Training2.5 3215 Worker TrainingRECOMMENDATIONSMoving pots/caughtbetweenClimb on potsSEVPush/pull potsCONCERNLEVELDETECT.High hand forces andawkward IONSPROCEDURE ORTASK1 Load/unload pots to/fromboatIncrease communicationbetween worker and craneoperator/captainPots move too fastPots shift due to boatmovementImprove control layout on craneMore secure tie-off to dockFall fro m heightWork above deck on stack Contact traumaof pots1414 Worker TrainingFootwearSlippery work surfacePPE?Fall on same levelSlippery work surf aceContact trauma1224 Worker TrainingPot fall fro m overheadCrane/gear failureContact trauma14312 Crane maintenanceFootwearCrane operator failureOperator trainingImprove control layout on crane2 Move pots from on-deckstorage to launcherHigh hand forces andawkward posturesPush/pull potsMusculoskeletalinjury/illnessCaught between pot orPot moves without worker Crushing/contacttrauma injuryother obstruction or struck knowledgeby potPot moves too fast1236 Worker Training2.5 3215 Worker TrainingIncrease communicationbetween worker and craneoperator/captainPot swings due to boatmovementPinch point at feetFront edge of launchermoves toward deckImprove control layout on craneFoot caught betweenlauncher and deck,crushing injury1326 Worker TrainingIdentify pinch point area withbright paintLauncher “feet” or “pads” ondeck (stumble hazard?)Fall fro m heightWork above deckContact trauma141Slippery work surface4 Worker TrainingFootwearPPE?Fall on same levelSlippery work surf aceContact trauma1224 Worker TrainingPot fall fro m overheadCrane/gear failureContact trauma14312 Crane maintenanceFootwearCrane operator failureOperator trainingImprove control layout on crane3 Prepare pot for initiallaunching54High hand forces andawkward posturesOpen/close pot doorMusculoskeletalinjury/illness1224 Worker TrainingHigh hand forces andawkward posturesRemove buoys and ropeMusculoskeletalinjury/illness1122 Worker TrainingHang baitProceedings
Bloswick, DonMusculoskeletalinjury/illness1133 Worker TrainingStruck by launcherLauncher movementContact trauma1111 N/AMoving ropeUncoiling rope overboard Man overboard1428 TrainingCAUSERECOMMENDATIONSCONCERN LEVELSEVDETECT.Awkward postures while Bulky IONSPROCEDURE ORTASK4 Launch pot and throw outrope and buoysWarning soundPPE5 Throw line, retrieve buoys, Contact with hookconnect line to power block,bring in potHook movementContact trauma1111 N/AHook weightMusculoskeletalstress at shoulder1133Pull line in, high handforces and awkward(hands at/above shoulder)posturesMusculoskeletalstress at shoulder1122 Worker TrainingPower block, caught in in- Hand too close to inrunning nip pointrunning nip pointCrushing injury1326 Worker TrainingAwkward dynamicmovement during throwThrow distanceTape sleevesLoose clothing6 Attach pot to picking boomand move pot to launcher,unhook from picking boomCaught between pot andlauncher or otherobstructionGuarding?Pot moves without worker Crushing/contacttrauma injuryknowledge1326 Worker TrainingIncrease communicationbetween worker and craneoperator/captainPot moves too fastPot swings due to boatmovementImprove control layout on craneLauncher tilts to deckPinch point at feetFront edge of launchermoves toward deckFoot caught betweenlauncher and deck1224 Worker TrainingIdentify pinch point area withbright paintLauncher “feet” or “pads” ondeck (stumble hazard?)7 Relocate sorting table,transfer catch to tableCaught between table and Table moves withoutworker knowledgelauncher or otherobstructionCrushing/contacttrauma injury1212 Worker TrainingAwkward posture and high Location of table withrepetition during catch respect to pottransferMusculoskeletalstress1122 Worker Training1Need for speed, location of Musculoskeletaltable with respect to hold stress to shoulder andback212 Worker Training8 Sort and move catch to hold Awkward posture, highrepetition, torso flexionContact with sharp objects Catch characteristic, need Puncture wound(crab, cod)for speed4114 PPE (Gloves)Contact with sharp objects Catch characteristic, need Eye injury(crab, cod)for speed1313 PPE (Eye protection)Second Conference on International Fishing Industry Safety and Health55
Deck SafetyCrab deck safety hazards232.5 36 Worker TrainingRECOMMENDATIONS1CONCERN LEVELCaught between pot and Pot moves without worker Crushing/contacttrauma injuryother ssDETECT.Push/pull PROCEDURE ORTASK9 Move pots from launcher to High hand forces andon-deck storageawkward postures2 15 Worker TrainingIncrease communicationbetween worker and craneoperator/captainPot moves too fastPot swings due to boatmovementImprove control layout on craneLauncher tilts to deckFall on same levelSlippery work surf aceContact trauma1224 Worker TrainingFall fro m heightWork above deckContact trauma1414 Worker TrainingFootwearSlippery work surfaceFootwearPPE?Pot fall fro m overheadCrane/gear failureContact trauma143 12 Crane maintenanceCrane operator failureOperator trainingImprove control layout on crane10 Chopping bait - mechanical Nip pointBlades on bait chopperInjury to hand24 18 Worker TrainingGuardingDesign of bait chopper tominimize perceived need to gethand closeChopping bait – manual (axe) Movement of sharp object AxeInjury to hand13 26 Worker TrainingCovers over small hatchesGuardrails around large hatches11 General on-deck activitiesFall on same levelSlippery work surfaceContact trauma1224 Worker TrainingWash or fall overboardHigh wavesHypothermia2418 Worker TrainingBoat movementDrowningFootwearPPERescue proceduresContact with structure and High wavesequipmentBoat movement56Contact trauma1212 Worker TrainingPPEProceedings
PRACTICAL DECK SAFETY FOR CRAB FISHERSEric Blumhagen, PEJensen Maritime Consultants, Inc.4241 21st Avenue WestSeattle, Washington, USABradley J. Husberg, MSPH, BSNCenters for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthDivision of Safety Research, Alaska Field Station4230 University DriveAnchorage, Alaska, USAPurposeCrab fishers face some of the highest occupational injury and death rates inthe nation. In Alaska, the fatality rate for the shellfish fishery was higherthan all other fisheries in the industry with 356 fatalities per 100,000 fishersper year between 1991 and 1996, or about 50 times the national average(Lincoln and Conway 1997). While most fatalities were caused by vessels sinking or person-overboard events, most of the nonfatal injuries werecaused by deck machinery or falls on board the vessel. The goal of this studywas to find practical, inexpensive solutions to deck safety problems and disseminate that information to fishers. We approached the problem of decksafety from the fishers’ perspective, using extensive input from fishers duringthe course of the project.This project was not intended to be a basis for any type of new regulationfor deck safety installations. It was only intended to provide fishers with theinformation required to make improvements on their boats if the modification were appropriate for their particular arrangements and circumstances.The nonregulatory approach was critical to the success of the project. Without this approach, we would have had great difficulty in getting ideas fromfishers. We would also have had far more limited fisher participation in thesurvey.Second Conference on International Fishing Industry Safety and Health57
Deck SafetyPractical deck safety for crab fishersMethodsThe initial analysis of the most common injuries on crab fishing boats wastaken from the Alaska Trauma Registry (ATR), which records all traumaticinjuries requiring hospitalization in Alaska (Lincoln, Husberg, and Conway2002). By its nature, this database only includes the more severe injuries.The ATR includes a short narrative description of the circumstances surrounding the injury. A sample description from the ATR reads “left handcaught in a bait grinding machine on board vessel.” These descriptions wereused to categorize incidents into a particular fishery, as well as sort them bytype of incident (slip/fall, machinery, etc.). This research helped determinewhere the hazards are on deck, allowing us to better focus our efforts duringthe rest of the project.The next step was to spend time on board a crab boat during fishing operations, both to observe likely hazards and to document the process of setting,retrieving, and otherwise handling pots. The use of all deck equipment wasobserved and documented in photos and video recordings. Project staffspent 2 days on board the Royal Viking out of Akutan, Alaska, observing potcod fishing, which uses the same equipment and procedures as crab fishing.Armed with first-hand knowledge of fishing operations, project staff held afocus group meeting with a small group of crab boat skippers, each of whomhad over 20 years of experience in the Alaska crab fisheries. We discussedmodifications they had already made to their boats to reduce deck injuries,toured one of the boats to view the modifications, and discussed which safetyissues were most likely to be addressed by physical changes to the vessels.After the focus group meeting, we developed a list of proposed modificationsto vessels, combining the ideas listed in the focus group meeting with someof our own ideas. These ideas were used in a survey to be given in port to thelargest group of crab fishers possible immediately prior to a crab season. Weasked the fishers if each idea or modification would help improve deck safetyand whether it had been implemented on their boat. If the modification wasnot in place, we asked why it had not been incorporated. We also collectedbasic information such as number of years experience in the fishery, vesselname, and crew position. Where necessary, we inserted drawings or photosinto the survey to help explain ideas to fishers.58Proceedings
Blumhagen, EricThe survey was administered during October 2001 in Dutch Harbor, Alaska, immediately before the start of the Bristol Bay red king crab season. Atotal of 89 fishers from 75 different boats were surveyed by project staff andUS Coast Guard personnel. Forty-one of the fishers surveyed were skippers,while the others held other positions in the crew. Forty-four of those surveyed had more than 20 years of experience in the fisheries, while 11 had lessthan 5 years experience. We believe that the survey sample reflects a representative cross-section of crab fishers.ResultsFollowing are interventions discussed in the survey.Group I: Visibility . Install adequate lighting on deck. This increases visibility in darkareas and during night and helps the crew work more safely (Figure1). . Use a closed-circuit TV system on house-forward boats. This helpsthe skipper see what is happening on deck from the wheelhouse. Heor she can then become more easily aware of dangerous conditionsand activity on deck (Figure 1).Figure 1: Closed-circuit TV camera (in theround white housing) and extra lighting atbait chopperFigure 2: Truck mirror seen from insidewheelhouseSecond Conference on International Fishing Industry Safety and Health59
Deck SafetyPractical deck safety for crab fishers . Install a truck mirror on the starboard side of the wheelhouse. Thishelps the skipper see work along the starboard rail and pot launcher(Figure 2).Group II: Machinery4. Install lock valves on cranes, haulers, or winches on older machinery.These valves make the machinery hold the load when the hydraulicvalve is in the neutral position. On most hydraulic machinery, thisis not a problem, since most machinery already has these valvesinstalled.5. “Footprint” the pot launcher. A small half-round or half-oval striparound the deck where the pot launcher meets the deck will outlinehazardous areas. This will help the crew feel when their feet arestarting to get into a dangerous working zone (potentially leading tocrushed feet, toes, or lower extremities).6. Install pressure relief valves on the pot launcher. This would keepthe launcher from crushing a person underneath the launcher whenit is being lowered from the upright position.7. Install an emergency shut-off for the launcher near the launcher.This allows the crew to shut down the launcher quickly if a person iscaught while it is moving.8. Paint the hazardous zone around the launcher, and/or the launcheritself, a contrasting color. This helps the crew see the danger areaaround the pot launcher and makes the moving part of the launchermore visible.9. Install “pot guides” on the outside of the bulwark (Figure 3). Potguides are triangular stops that run vertically on the outside of theFigure 3: Pot guides60Proceedings
Blumhagen, Ericbulwarks. In heavy seas, pot guides help the crew control the crabpot after it is out of the water, but before it is pulled over the rail onto the launcher. 0. Install a guard over the bait chopper. This helps prevent the crewfrom reaching into the chopper box and risking injury (Figure 4). . Install an emergency shut-off on the bait chopper. This allowsanother person to turn off the bait chopper if a fisher either has beeninjured by the chopper or is about to be injured.Figure 4: Bait chopper guard made from oldconveyor belt material.Figure 5: Boat with raised bulwark on portside and raised pipe rail on starboard side . Mark the crane to help align it with the pot launcher. This allowsthe crew to position the crane head rapidly and accurately over thepot launcher, reducing the chance of injury from a swinging pot as itis being lifted or lowered at the launcher.Group III: Crew protection . Install a raised bulwark on the port side or around the entire working deck. This provides a sheltered area that helps protect the crewfrom large waves coming over the side (Figure 5). 4. Install gratings over hold manholes. This prevents a fall into the holdmanhole if the watertight cover must be removed. If the watertightcover is removed, some of the water circulating in the hold flows outon deck, helping reduce ice buildup on the deck. 5. Increase the rail height along the perimeter of the working deck.This helps prevent a wave from washing a crew member overboard(Figure 5).Second Conference on International Fishing Industry Safety and Health61
Deck SafetyPractical deck safety for crab fishers 6. Install nonskid grating in low-wear areas. Most crab boats are fittedwith a steel or wood grating above the actual deck to prevent thecrab pots from wearing away the watertight deck. Nonskid gratingprovides better footing in low-wear areas. However, it cannot beinstalled everywhere, since it will not stand up to the wear from thecrab pots. 7. Install man-overboard recovery devices (life rings, life slings, flares,etc.) at the stern of the boat or at the hauling station. This helps thecrew respond quickly to a person-overboard event.After the data from the survey had been analyzed, we created a booklet describing each of the ideas we discussed in the survey. Since no idea receivedless than a 25% overall “approval rating,” the project team decided to includeall the suggested interventions in the booklet. However, some items wereconsolidated into general sections.The project team also added some ideas to the booklet based on the surveysand discussions with fishers. The most significant of these was a sectionon emergency preparedness. Several fishers told us about the importanceof planning ahead for em
Move pots from on-deck storage stack to launcher. Prepare pot for initial launching, coil line, bait pot, secure door. Launch pot and throw out line and buoys. Retrieve buoys, connect line to power block, bring in pot. Attach pot to picking boom crane and move pot to
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