Respiratory Hazards In Abrasive Blasting

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Safety In Abrasive BlastingWebinarWednesday, March 27, 2013RespiratoryHazards inAbrasive BlastingWilliam J. MillsEarl A. Medina

Disclaimer The mention of any manufacturer or tradename is for informational purposes onlyand does not constitute endorsement orapproval by Dr. Mills, Mills Consulting, Inc.or Northern Illinois University. This presentation has been prepared as apublic service and no compensation hasbeen received.Safety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 20132

OUTLINE1. Abrasive Blasting Introduction2. Types of Media3. Types of Potential Hazards4. Respiratory Hazards5. Respiratory System6. Particulate deposition7. Occupation Exposure Limits (OEL)8. IH Hierarchy of Control9. Types of Respiratory PPE10. Respiratory Protection Program11. ConclusionsSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 20133

Abrasive Blasting*The use of abrasive material surface cleaning, removal orpreparation of a material– Energy transfer using: Air pressure Centrifugal wheels Water pressure– Wet blasting– Hydroblasting– Equipment depends upon: Specific application Type(s) of abrasive(s)– e.g. “SandBlasting”Safety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 20134

Abrasive BlastingMedia ExamplesNIOSH does not recommend use of sand containing 1% crystalline silicaSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 20135

Potential Hazards General Construction––––Slips/tripsFalls (elevated locations)NoiseFoot protection Physical– Temperature extremes– Ergonomic– Dermal Respiratory HazardsSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 20136

Respiratory Hazards Particulate Matter (PM)– General– Particle size– Particle composition Confined Space Oxygen (O2) deficiency Potential Toxicity Carbon Monoxide (CO)Safety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 20137

Sources of PotentialAir Contaminants Base Material– e.g., steel, aluminum, stainless steel, galvanized steel, coppernickel and other copper alloys Surface Coatings– e.g., pre-construction primers, anticorrosive and antifoulingpaints Abrasive Blasting Media– e.g., coal slag, copper slag, nickel slag, glass, steel grit, garnet,silica sandSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 20138

Example Surface CoatingConcentrationsYear 1Year 2Year 3No. of Samples4114Silica, crystalline63,00095,80059,000Arsenic27.7 23 22Beryllium 0.44 1.20 m 692237243Nickel4814.510.6Silver 2.20 6.3 4.40Titanium12864.6558Vanadium8.569.9510.7*All results arein ppmOther potential components of concern:Al, Ba, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mo, P, Se, Na, Te, Tl , Y, Zn, ZrSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 20139

The HumanRespiratorySystemSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201310

PMParticle Size Ranges“RESPIRABLE PARTICULATE” (RP)Safety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201311

Particle Deposition inRespiratory SystemSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201312

US Regulatory Issues3 Primary OSHA Standards:1. General Industry (29 CFR 1910)2. Maritime (29 CFR 1915)3. Construction (29 CFR 1926)Other Examples: US EPA Regulations at 40 CFR State & Local Regulations & CodesSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201313

US OccupationalExposure Limits (OEL)Factor of 300000 between TP and Be OELsSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201314

Determining HazardPotential MSDS (now SDS)– Carcinogens listed (for 0.1% by weight)– ACGIH TLV also required to be listed– Respiratory protection Chemical Analysis:– Media– Coating– Substrate Scientific Literature– Journals– Government Agency PublicationsSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201315

Pneumoconioses A group of interstitial lung diseases thatare caused by the inhalation of a range oforganic and non-organic dusts/fumeswhich are then retained in the lungs. Thedisease is a result of the lung tissue’sreaction to the dust. The principal cause of thepneumoconioses is work-place exposure Singular PneumoconiosisSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201316

Respirable ParticulateSampling Results 2013 Ceballos et al. JOEH– 100% of analyzable RP samples exceed PEL(5 mg/m3)– Measured concentrations 75-25000 mg/m3 2006 Meeker et al. JOEH– 100% of RP samples exceeded PEL– Measured concentrations 30-5652 mg/m3Safety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201317

IH Hierarchy forAddressing Hazards Engineering Control examples– Material substitution– Enclosures– Remote or automated blasting– LEV Administrative Control examples– Restrictions on work time– Confined spaces entry protocols PPESafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201318

Respiratory PPE1. If controls notfeasible2. Oxygen DeficientAtmosphereRespiratory PPE : Properly selectedbased on task Individually fitted Properly maintainedSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201319

Do I need to wear arespirator ? What is the hazard? What is the degree of the hazard– What is expected range of concentrations?– What is relevant OEL? Work requirements The userSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201320

Types of Respirators Air Purifying Respirator (APR)– Non-powered APR– Powered Air Purifying Respiratory (PAPR) Atmosphere Supplying– Supplied Air Respirator (SAR)– Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)– CombinationAlso: Positive Pressure vs. Negative PressureSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201321

APR/PAPR ExamplesSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201322

SAR & SCBA ExamplesSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201323

Assigned ProtectionFactor (APF) APFs and Maximum Use Concentrations(MUCs).See: 29 CFR 1910.134Safety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201324

Type of Respirator1, 2Assigned ProtectionFactors (APF)Quarter mask Half mask1.Air-Purifying Respirator52.Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR)3.Supplied-Air Respirator (SAR)Full facepieceHelmet/Hood5010—50 Demand mode—10 Continuous flow mode—501,000 Pressure-demand or other—501,000 Demand mode—10 Pressure-demand or other iece—25or Airline essure mode4.Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)5010,000Safety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201310,000—25

OSHA Respirator RequirementsAbrasive Blasting “Abrasive-blasting respirator” or “Particulate-filterrespirator” (“dust-filter respirator”) Abrasive blasting respirators NIOSH Type CE SAR Required when:– working in enclosed or confined spaces; or– using abrasive media that contains more than one percentcrystalline silica. For other situations, abrasive blasters must be protectedwith Type CE SAR or APR with HEPA (N-100) filters.Safety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201326

Abrasive Blasting PPESafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201327

NIOSH Type CERespirator Approvals30 models (total) currently approved by NIOSHApproved Vendors MSA Clemco Industries Corp. E.D. Bullard Company Avon-International Safety Instruments, Inc. RPB Limited 3M CompanyNote: loose fitting Type CE Abrasive Blasting Respirators (hoods, helmets) DONOT need to be fit testedSource: http://www2a.cdc.gov/drds/cel/cel form code.aspSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201328

Photos of CERespirators-1Safety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201329

Photos of CERespirators-2Safety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201330

Photos of CERespirators-3Safety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201331

Photos of CERespirators-4Safety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201332

Respiratory ProtectionProgram OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134– Required whenever respirators are requiredto be worn– Written program is required– Additional program requirementsSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201333

Elements of a RespiratoryProtection Program1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.Procedures for selecting respiratorsMedical evaluationsFit testing proceduresInstructions on Use of respiratorsProcedures for cleaning and maintaining respiratorsProcedures to ensure adequate air quality/quantityTraining of employees in the potential respiratory hazardsTraining of employees in the proper use of respiratorsProcedures for regularly evaluating the effectiveness of theprogram.10. Worksite Specific Procedures may be needed.http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/otm/otm viii/otm viii 2.html#4Safety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201334

Fit testing Loose fitting (hoods, helmets) Type CEAbrasive Blasting Respirators DO NOTneed to be fit tested Tight fitting Type CE DO need to be fittested– Quantitative– QualitativeSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201335

Examples of ImproperUsage Facepiece seal leakage (not an issue withCE hood respirators) Removal of respirator at wrong time inhazardous atmosphere Improperly performing user seal checks Improperly repairing defective parts Improper air supply source (SAR) Improper air supply monitoring (SAR)Safety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201336

SAR air needs to be ofacceptable qualitySafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201337

Grade D Breathing AirRequired Compressed Gas Association (CGA)SpecificationIncludes:– Air quality requirements– Monitoring requirements OSHA referenced requirement for SARSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201338

Temperature relatedissues Heat related illnesses of bigger concern inUSA Emergency first aid training Prevention– Rest periods– Hydration– Fitness– Acclimatization– Climate controlSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201339

Proper maintenance Quick pre-use inspection– By person using respirator Clean between use––––Keep visibly cleanedWet cleaning betterDo not use air pressure blowingTake care in choosing cleaning agents Water and soap Methanol or isopropanol impregnated wipes– May require vacuuming (with HEPA filtration)– Performed by person wearing respirator or another properly trained &authorized personSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201340

Follow RespiratorUser’s GuideSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201341

Conclusion Respiratory Hazards are due to– PM concentrations– Particle size– PM content Prevention is much better than Treatment PPE used only if controls not effective in reducing exposures APR N100 respirators of limited applicability Type CE respirators optimized for abrasive blasting- provide best combination of protection, ease of use and costs Respiratory Protection Program has specific required elements Protection from potential respiratory hazards is possibleSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201342

Conclusion Respiratory Hazards are due to– PM concentrations– PM content Media Coatings Substrates Prevention is much better than Treatment PPE used only if controls not effective in reducing exposures APR N100 respirators of limited applicability Type CE respirators optimized for abrasive blasting- Provide best combination of protection, ease of use and costs Respiratory Protection Program has specific required elements Protection is possibleSafety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201343

Thank you forlistening!William J. Mills, IIIPh.D, M.Sc., CIH, C.Chem.Phone: (708) 524-2166Email:Safety in Abrasive Blasting: March 27, 201344

Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) Demand mode — 10 50 50 — . Training of employees in the potential respiratory hazards 8. Training of employees in the proper use of respirators . Microsoft PowerPoint - 20130325_AbrBlasting_JPCLwebinar.pptx

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