Native And Adapted Plants For Central Texas
9/13/2016Native andAdapted Plantsfor Central TexasMeredith O’Reilly4-H CAPITAL Youth .govStanding Cypress, Black-eyedSusan, HorsemintClass TopicsPart I: The BasicsA. Why Native and Adapted? Native plants (why important) Adapted plants (benefits, considerations) Other terms (cultivars, invasives)B. Eco-regions, Adaptations, and Wildlife Value of Native Texas PlantsPart II: Getting to Know the GuidePart III: Plant Selections for Specific Garden Needs1
9/13/2016Why Native and Adapted?For the benefit of our Austin and Texaswildlife and landscape, it is helpful toselect plants that: Are water-wise Are drought-tolerant Have wildlife value (esp. natives) Are naturally resistant to pests anddiseases (esp. natives) Need less maintenance and fertilizing Also, higher survivability savesmoney!Bumblebee on Shrubby Boneset, or WhiteMistflowerWhat is native? A native species is one that existsnaturally in an eco-region withouthuman introduction, direct or indirect. Native flora and fauna in an ecologicalcommunity, having evolved together,are often interdependent.Autumn Sage (Cherry Sage),Datura, Blackfoot Daisy2
9/13/2016Why Are Native Plants Important? They protect Texas’ biodiversity They gain back natural ecosystems for ournative flora and fauna wildlifeinterdependence They are specially adapted to handleTexas soil and weather They use less water and requireless maintenance, fertilizing, and pestcontrol They protect our watersheds They keep Texas beautiful!Adapted Plants Adapted plants arenon-invasive, non-native plantsthat are able to thrive in the localclimate and soil conditions. Adapted plants might come fromother regions of Texas, the U.S.,or the world.3
9/13/2016Benefits of Adapted Plants Increased choices Many are readily available Might fit a design need Some have wildlife valueIf you have to amend a soil’spH, or have to fertilize orwater excessively to keep aplant alive, that plant is notwell adapted for the area.Shrimp PlantJusticia brandegeanaPhoto: austintexas.govCultivarsMalvaviscusx 'PamPuryear's Pink' Cultivars are varietiesselected and/or bred byhumans for a particular trait,then propagated to maintainthem.Note: Depending on the variety,a cultivar might no longerfunction in the ecosystem interms of wildlife value (seeds,nectar, pollen, chemistry). If youare planting for wildlife, it ishelpful to research first!Lantana ‘New Gold’Photo:TAMU4
9/13/2016Texas Noxious and Invasive PlantsChinaberrySource: nps.govNot all adapted plants are goodchoices. It is important to know theirhabits and how they spread.Invasive plants are plants thatspread easily, grow rapidly, and haveserious potential for causingeconomical or ecological harm,especially to agriculture, horticulture,native plants, ecology, and/orwaterways.Chinese TallowSource: AgriLifeIn natural areas, invasive plants canquickly outcompete native plants forspace, nutrients, water, andsunlight.A Closer Look at Natives5
9/13/2016Texas Has 11 EcoregionsAn ecoregion is a majorecosystem area withdistinctive geography,characteristic flora andfauna, and likeenvironmental conditions.Why do regional plants matter? A plant native to another area of Texas might notgrow well in your area. Native wildlife depend heavily on regionalvegetation and ecosystem webs.Central Texas Ecoregions Travis County primarily EdwardsPlateau Blackland Prairies (theBalcones Fault is the division line) Central Texas also includes CrossTimbers and Prairies as well as PostOak Savannah6
9/13/2016Edwards Plateau Home of dense Ashe JuniperOak woodlands and grassysavanna Honeycombed with caves andaquifers Covered by limestone andgranite; caliche slopes Home to many endemicplants and animals Clearing for timber andgrazing drastically altered theplateauGolden-cheeked WarblerPhoto: Wiki CommonsBlackland Prairies Described by early settlers as“a vast endless sea of grasses andwildflowers” with scattered clumpsof trees and riparian woodlands Rich, deep clay soil Once a vast area of massive plantdiversity; today endangered Habitat for more than 500 faunaspecies, including 327 bird speciesBig BluestemAndropogon gerardiiPhoto: Wasowski, WFCMaximilian SunflowerHelianthus maximilliani7
9/13/2016Adaptations of Texas PlantsOur native plants are adapted to handleTexas soil and weather.In Central Texas, we have: Alkaline soil Heavy clay to thin caliche Hot summers (Death Star) Cold winters DroughtGoldenballLeadtree Flash floodsVelvetleaf MallowDealing with DroughtDrought-resistantDrought-enduringPrickly PearTX Mountain Laurel,Fragrant MimosaDrought-evadingDrought-escapingRain Lily,WinecupTX Bluebonnets,Indian PaintbrushPhoto: Bransford, WFCPhoto: Wasowski, WFC8
9/13/2016Other AdaptationsSome native plants: go dormant in the winter have fire resistance or fireresponse have long seed dormancy time blooms after last freeze are flexible!Mealy Blue Sage,Purple Coneflower9
9/13/2016Natives Protect Our Watershed Native root systems: Help water infiltrate soil:groundwater to aquifer Moderate floods and droughts Help control erosion Help clean polluted waterPhoto: Speak Up Austin Using natives reduces use ofchemicals that pollute our watersystemsNative plants improvewater qualityNatives Are Naturally FertilizedNative plants thrive best when natural soil processes are allowed toexist. They get their necessary nutrients as soil organisms consumeorganic matter.10
9/13/2016Biodiversity ProtectionRobber fly eating abeetlePhoto: Purdue Extension11
9/13/2016Wildlife ValueNative plants are thePhoto:SCVNewsAudubonGuidesfoundation of biodiversity.Photo: Univ.Wisconsin at MilwaukeePhoto: TPWDNative Plants as Sources of Food Native plants are the bestsources of food for wildlife. Aim for year-round suppliesof food.SeedsBerriesNectarFoliageNutsQueen Butterfly onGregg’s MistflowerFruitsSapPollenStemsOther Plant Parts Insects!12
9/13/2016Nectar and PollenNectar and pollen are important sourcesof nutrients for numerous insects, birds,bats, and other animals.JuniperHairstreak onBlackfoot DaisyOsmia beeon TexasMountainLaurelHummingbird atStanding CypressFly onPrairie ParsleyFruits, Seeds, NutsBerries and otherfruits, seeds, and nutsprovide food for birds andother animals and areespecially important in falland winter.Acorns,Quercus sp.IndiangrassSorghastrumlatifoliumPossumhawIlex deciduaPhoto: Terri Siegenthaler, WFCPurple ConeflowerEchinacea purpurea13
9/13/2016Leaves -- especially for caterpillars! Some mammals and other animals will consume leaves Insects with chewing parts are often specialists – they areadapted for eating specific plants with specific leaf chemistry.Black Swallowtail(nectaring at TexasLantana)Host Plants: Parsley andDill familyGiant Swallowtail(nectaring at PurpleConeflower)Host Plants: Wafer Ashand other citrus treesButterflyLays ItsEggs onCaterpillarGulf FritillaryPassionvineCrimson PatchFlameAcanthusSleep OrangeLindheimer’sSennaMonarchMilkweed14
9/13/2016Insects and Spiders: Key Foods Most songbirds (96%) feed high-proteincaterpillars and spiders to their young –hundreds per day The seasonal presence of insects is atrigger for the migration of many birdspeciesPhoto: Wikipedia Commons They are dependent on native plants forthe insects they need.Carolina Chickadee,Barn Swallow,Bewick’s Wren15
9/13/2016Sources of CoverA variety of plant types andheights can provide safe coverfor many different wildlifespecies.TreesDense shrubsEvergreensTall grassesThorny plantsSnagsMeadowWater plantsGroundcoverLeaf litterBrush pilesFallen logsPhoto Source: OKJDiscoveriesNature’s Layers: Vertical Niches16
9/13/2016Sources of Places to Raise YoungMany places that providecover are also good placesfor raising young (includinglaying eggs).Mature treesDense shrubsSnagsHollow logsBunch grassesLeaf litterCarolina WrenbabiesHost plantsGroundcoverMeadowsWater plantsBrush pilesBark, leavesSleepy Orange Caterpillaron Lindheimer’s SennaWater SourcesFoliage, flowers, and fruitprovide sources of water formany fauna species,especially when other wateris scarce.TexasPersimmonDiospyros texanaPrickly Pear(Spineless)Opuntia sp.Red MulberryMorus rubra17
9/13/2016Adapted Plants and Wildlife ValueMany adapted plants do provide nectar,fruits, and other elements of value tocertain wildlife. However, research has shown thatpollinators are 4 times more attractedto native plants. Leaf chemistry dictates what specialistinsects, such as many butterflies andmoths, need. The caterpillars andadults then become key food sourcesin the ecosystem. Nutrients from native berries are morelikely to be most appropriate for theanimals that evolved with them.SnowberryClearwingvisiting apeach blossomfor nectarNative hostplant: CoralHoneysuckle18
9/13/2016Part II: The GuideB/ELearn First, Plant LaterResearching ANY plant species you are considering can helpprevent countless problems later. Look at: Size at full growth Plant needs (light, water, soil pH, etc.) Seasonal/weather tolerance Spreading habits Wildlife interest Maintenance Pests Gardener reviews19
9/13/2016Development and Database Why was it created, and why is it special? Who contributed? What is the phone number if you need many guides?Online Grow Green /department/growgreen/plant-guide Sections: Trees, Small Trees/Large Shrubs, Shrubs andRoses, Perennials, Yuccas/Agaves,Succulents/Cacti/Sotols, Ornamental and PrairieGrasses, Vines, Groundcovers, Turf Grasses, FAQ, Plantsto Avoid, Index What’s changed? More natives, removed deerresistance and availability columns, removed rain gardenand water plant lists20
9/13/2016The Key Is the Key (p. 4) What’s native? What is UA? Other items in the keyIn this presentation,plants native toTexas will be shownwith this symbol:Getting to Know the GuideGame Time!21
9/13/2016Question:What deciduous oak tree is native tothe Edwards Plateau and isconsiderably smaller than otherregional oaks, making it a goodchoice for small yards?Lacey OakEp. 9Quercus laceyi Deciduous to semi-evergreenoak, native to Edwards Plateau Grows 30-50’; resistant to oakwilt Peach and red leaves in springmature into blue-green foliage;yellow fall foliage Water: Very low Light: Sun/Part Shade Wildlife Value: Like other oaks,an important host plant fornumerous butterflies and moths;acorns feed birds and mammals,provides great cover and nestingspots for much of the yearPhotos:Doris HappelPhotos: Treeland Nursery22
9/13/2016Question:In what season(s) does thegroundcover Pigeonberry bloom andproduce fruit?PigeonberryB/Ep. 47Rivina humilis Native groundcover (B/E) orborder plant, 1-1.5’ Offers blooms and berries atthe same time (spring to fall) May go dormant in drought Water: Low-med Light: Part shade Wildlife Value: Berries prizedby birds; flowers attract smallpollinatorsPhoto:NPSOT23
9/13/2016B/EFrogfruitp. 47Phyla nodiflora Native low-growinggroundcover (B/E) 6-8” Spreads rapidly under rightconditions Water: L-M (tolerates wet) Light: Sun/Part Shade Wildlife Value: Host plant forPhaon Crescentspot,Buckeye, and White Peacockbutterflies; attracts smallpollinators; provides coverfor toads and other smallcrittersQuestion:What kind of plants are Carex spp., andon what page would you findinformation on them?24
9/13/2016p. 49SedgesCarex sp. Groundcover; great alternative toturf; low-growing species require nomowing; many species shade-loving Many species native to Texas;adapted also available Height variesTexas SedgePhoto: Joseph A. Marcus, WFC Water: Most are low water Light: Sun/Part Shade/Shade Wildlife Value: Cover, possibly nestingBerkeley Sedge (non-native)Photo: Shirley A. FoxCedar Sedge (Carex planostachys)(example only: this species notcurrently readily available; hadgrowing naturally)25
9/13/2016Question:What plant has the scientific nameAloysia virgata?Sweet Almond Verbenap. 23Aloysia vergata Non-native semi-evergreenshrub (from Argentina) Very fragrant white flowerspikes Needs room! 4-8’ Water: Low-Med Light: Sun/Part shade Blooms in warmer months;dies back in harsh wintersLower Photo: Dorothy Borders Wildlife Value: Pollinatormagnet26
9/13/2016Texas KidneywoodEp. 11Eysenhardtia texana Deciduous shrub with smallleaves (can prune for shape) Fragrant white flower spikes Fast-growing; airy natureprovides light shade to plantsbelow Blooms often from spring to fall Water: Very low Light: Likes full sun and brightshade Wildlife Value: Pollinatormagnet; host plant for DogfacebutterflyQuestion:What eco-region(s) is Mexican Plumnaturally found in?27
9/13/2016B/EMexican Plump. 13Prunus mexicana Small native deciduous tree(B/E), 15-20’Great understory treeLovely plant, though summerfoliage may look raggedWater: LowLight: Sun/Part shadeWildlife Value: Host plant forEastern Tiger Swallowtail andCecropia Moth; summerfleshy fruit for birds andmammals; dense foliage fornesting and cover; earlyblooms for pollinatorsLower photo: Frisco Green LivingEastern Tiger SwallowtailPhoto: Olivia JohnstonCecropiaMothPhotos:Dan HardyPhoto: Julie A. GidwitzPhoto: Tom MurrayPhoto:JC Jones,BugGuideLady BeetlesSummer fruit for birds, mammals28
9/13/2016p. 13Mexican RedbudCercis canadensis var. ‘mexicana’ Small deciduous tree, 10-15’Native to west TexasWater: Most drought-tolerantof the Redbud varieties. Needswell-drained soil.Light: Sun/Part ShadeWildlife Value: Early springblooms for pollinators; HenryElfin Butterfly host plant;cover; nesting siteRedbud, with Henry’s Elfincaterpillar/butterfly29
9/13/2016Question:I’m looking for a vine to go on a trellisin front of my A/C unit. I want it to bedeciduous so that it shades the unit insummer but lets light in during winter.A yellow or orange color would be nicein that spot, but I don’t want it to betoo aggressive. What could I get?Mexican Flame Vinep. 45Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides Non-native deciduous woodyvine (from Mexico) Bright orange-red daisy-likeflowers throughout warmerseasons Dies back in cold winters Easy to propagate; reaches10’ Photo: GlassHouseWorks Water: Low Light: Full sun to light shade Wildlife Value: Attracts bees,butterflies, birds30
9/13/2016Carolina Jessaminep. 43Gelsemium sempervirens Evergreen vine (native to East Texas) All parts are poisonous! Don’t eat it. High-climbing, 6-20’ Fragrant yellow trumpet-shapedflowers Water: medium Light: Sun/Part Shade Soil: pH adaptable, prefers acidicneutral Wildlife Value: Attracts hummingbirdsand other pollinatorsQuestion:How tall does a Skyflower (Duranta)shrub grow?31
9/13/2016Duranta Skyflowerp. 23Duranta erecta Photo: Austin Native Landscaping Sometimes evergreen shrub(native to Mexico to S.America)5-10’ tallLeaves and berries are toxicDies back in cold wintersWater: Low-mediumLight: Sun/Part shadeWildlife Value: AttractsbutterfliesQuestion:What is particularly interestingabout the common name for Nolinatexana, Basket Grass?32
9/13/2016EBasket Grassp. 39Nolina Texana Clumping evergreen perennialnative to Edwards Plateau Not a true grass (member ofthe Lily Family) 2’, with leaves 4’ long – don’tplant close to walkway Water: Very low Light: Sun/Part Shade Wildlife Value: Provides cover;attracts pollinators; host plantfor Atea and Sandia hairstreakbutterfliesPhoto: Paul Cox, WFCQuestion:What is one positive and onenegative characteristic of the shrubFlame Acanthus?33
9/13/2016Flame AcanthusEp. 17Anisacanthus quadrifidus Deciduous shrub (nativeto Edwards Plateau)Very drought tolerant;blooms in hot summerSpreads easilyWater: Very lowLight: Sun/Part ShadeWildlife Value: Attractshummingbirds; host plantfor Crimson Patch ButterflyQuestion:What are two common names forEhretia anacua?34
9/13/2016Anacuap. 9Ehretia anacua Semi-evergreen tree20-25’White flowers, edible fruitMay die back with freezeWater: lowLight: Sun/Part shadeWildlife Value: Bee nectarsource; attracts birdsQuestion:What is a non-invasive alternativefor Scarlet Firethorn (Pyracanthacoccinea)?35
9/13/2016Evergreen SumacEp. 13Rhus virens Evergreen shrub8-10’Fall blooms and berries, highin Vitamin CWater: LowLight: Sun/Part shadeWildlife Value: Provides foodand cover; host plantDusky-blueGroundstreakPhoto: Karl and Dorothy LeglerPlants for Select GardenNeeds36
9/13/2016Selections Based on GardenNeedsChoose plants based on: Interests, favorites Garden type and/or environment (light,shade, design style, etc.)Pay attention to the needs and habits ofplants: Water requirements Soil pH Light/shade needs Size at full growth Habits (How does it spread? Will ithave a dormant period? Wildlife considerationsThe Best Advice: Diversity Group plants with similar needs Diversity in flora diversity in fauna better protection for garden Consider bloom andfruiting times Evergreen and deciduous Layers Variety in colors and flower types37
9/13/2016Trees, Large-MediumTrees, when chosenappropriately,provide beauty andwell-needed shadefor Texaslandscapes.Oaks havetremendouswildlife value.They supportmany hundredsof species.Photos: BackboneValley Nurseryp. 9PAnacuaPLacey OakMexican White OakQuercus polymorpha45-60’ Semi-evergreen treeResistant to oak wiltLight: SunWater: Very lowWildlife: Host plant for many species,good cover/nesting, nuts for birdsand mammalsPhotos: Doris HappelTrees, cont’dTexas AshEFraxinus texensis40’-50’ deciduous treeFast-growerLight: SunWater: Very lowWildlife: Nesting, cover,food for birds, hostfor Eastern TigerSwallowtailPhotos: Tree LandPhotosCountryside Nurseryp. 7p. 7Arizona CypressHesperocyparis/Cupressusarizonica25-50’ evergreen treeBlue-silver foliageSeeds require fireLight: SunWater: Very lowWildlife: Cover, nestingp. 13Texas PersimmonEDiospyros texana12-20’ deciduous tosemi-evergreen treeWhite flowers, edible fruitLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: Very lowWildlife: Blooms for pollinators,fruit for birds and mammals,host plant for GrayHairstreak38
9/13/2016Understory Trees/ShrubsPlanting shrubs and smalltrees under shade treesgives much neededhabitat to songbirds andother animals.p. 9MexicanPhoto: City ofAustinP RedbudAnacacho OrchidPMexican PlumBauhinia lunarioides6-12’ tree, airy habitSemi-evergreen or deciduousWhite blooms in springLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: LowWildlife: Blooms for pollinatorsUnderstory, cont’dAmericanBeautyberryCallicarpa americana4-6’ deciduous shrubLight: ShadeWater: Low-medWildlife: Fall berries forbirdsp. 15Arroyo SweetwoodBPhoto: rosalee,gardenwebp. 9Barbados Cherryp. 17Photo: htop, Dave’sGardenMalpighia glabra4-6’ semi-evergreenshrubSmall pink flowers,berries high in Vitamin CLight: Sun/Part ShadeWater: Low-medWildlife: Attractspollinators and birdsMyrospernum sousanumDeciduous tree up to 20’Fragrant showy bloomsLight: Sun/Part ShadeWater: LowWildlife: Attractspollinators and birdsTurk’s CapPhoto: Lee Page, WFCp. 23EMalvaviscus arboreus2-6’ deciduous shrubLight: Sun/Part ShadeWater: LowWildlife: Attractshummingbirds andbutterflies, hostplant39
9/13/2016Shade-tolerant Perennials andGroundcoversPhoto: W.D. andDolphia Bransford,WFCMany people believe nothinggrows under trees in Texas,but there are actually manyplants that prefer shade.p. 37P PigeonberryPTexas SedgeHeartleaf SkullcapEScuttelaria ovata subsp. Bracteata2’ perennial, dormant in summerBlue flowersMay spread when wateredLight: ShadeWater: Low-medWildlife: Attracts butterfliesPhoto: Joseph A.Marcus, WFCShady Perennials/Groundcover,cont’dInland Sea Oatsp. 41B/ECast Iron PlantAspidistra elatior3’ evergreen perennialLeaves will scorch in toomuch sunEasy to transplantLight: ShadeWater: LowChasmanthium latifolium2-4’ ornamental grassDeciduousHides oak sproutsLight: ShadeWater: LowWildlife: Host plant, seedsfor birds, good coverp. 25Photo:almostedenplantsRed ColumbineEAquilegia canadensis1-2’ semi-evergreenDormant in summerLight: Sun/Part ShadeWater: mediumWildlife: Attractshummingbirds and earlypollinating insectsp. 27Chile PequinECapsicum annuum2-4’ deciduous perennialWhite flowers, hot peppersLight: Sun/Part ShadeWater: LowWildlife: Attracts birds andsmall pollinatorsp. 2740
9/13/2016Sun Plants That Provide Light ShadeTexasP KidneywoodDesert WillowEChilopsis linearis15-20’ airy treeLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: Very lowWildlife: Hummingbirds, bees,butterflies, host plantp. 11Fragrant MimosaPhoto: Joseph A.Marcus, WFCp. 19Goldenball LeadtreeELeucaena retusa12-20’ treeLight: Sun/Part shadeYellow spherical blossomsWater: Very lowWildlife: Attracts pollinators,offers cover and nestingEMimosa borealis6-8’ shrub with pricklesPink flowersLight: SunWater: Very lowWildlife: Pollinatorsp. 11Pollinator Garden – Aim for Variety!White Mistflower/ EShrubby BonesetTexas Lantanap. 31B/ELantana urticoides3-5’ shrub-like perennialLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: LowWildlife: Pollinatormagnet; birds eat theberries; host plantAgeratina havanensis3-5’ deciduous shrubLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: Low-MedWildlife: Pollinatormagnet; host plantPhoto: Wasowski, UFCp. 19Fall Asterp. 29EAster oblongifolium2-3’ fall bloomerLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: LowWildlife: Nectar/pollen sourcePurple Coneflowerp. 35Echinacea purpurea1-3’ deciduous perennialLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: LowWildlife: Pollinator magnet;seeds feed birds; hostplant41
9/13/2016Attracting HummingbirdsHummingbirds visitflowers of many colorsbut especially favorred tubular flowers.Coral HoneysuckleLonicera sempervirens6-12’ semi-evergreen vineLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: Low-mediumWildlife: Hummingbirds,butterflies, host plantP Flame Acanthusp. 43FirebushHamelia patens3-5’ deciduous shrubPrune to 6” after firsthard freezeLight: SunBlooms summer-fallWildlife: HummingbirdsCherry Sagep. 11ESalvia greggii2-3’ evergreen perennialLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: LowWildlife: Hummingbirds,butterflies, host plantp. 29Photo: Noelle JohnsonAttracting Butterflies Plant caterpillar host plantsas well as nectar sourcesLindheimer’s SennaCassia lindheimeriana3-4’ soft-leaved perennialLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: LowWildlife: Pollen and nectarsource; host plant forSulphur butterflies Butterflies are particularlyattracted to red, yellow,orange, pink, or purpleblooms Plant both flat flowers andshort tubular flowersp. 37WinecupGregg’s Mistflower B/Ep. 31EB/ECallirohoe involucrata6”-1” sprawling plantDormant when hotLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: LowWildlife: Pollen and nectarsource; hostConoclinium greggii1-2’ perennialCut back after freezeLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: Low-mediumWildlife: Pollinatormagnetp. 3942
9/13/2016Not inguideAntelope Horn MilkweedAsclepias asperula 1-2’ deciduous perennial Light: Sun Water: Low-med Wildlife: Pollinators; host plant forMonarch and Queen butterfliesQueenQueenMonarchAttracting BeesMealy Blue Sage B/E Plant a variety of flowertypes to attract species withshorter or longer tonguesSalvia farinacea2-3’ perennialLight: SunWater: LowWildlife: Pollen and nectarsource Bees love blue, purple,white, violet, and yellowflowers “Bee targets”p. 35 Fragrance, too!EWedelia texana1.5-2.5’ perennialLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: LowWildlife: Pollen and nectarsource; host plantZexmeniaP Almond Verbenap. 3943
9/13/2016EvergreensEvergreens provideimportant cover forwildlife during wintermonths, as well ascontinuous color orscreening to thelandscape.p. 23PEvergreen SumacTexas Sage/CenizoLeucophyllum frutescens5-8’ evergreen shrub“Barometer Bush”Light: SunWater: Very lowWildlife: Provides food andcover; host plantp. 31Four-nerve Daisy(Hymenoxys)ETetraneuris scaposa1’ evergreen perennialLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: Very lowWildlife: Year-roundnectar/pollen sourceEvergreens, cont’dTexas Mountain LaurelSophora secundiflora12-20’ evergreen treeFragrant early bloomsLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: Very lowWildlife: Pollinators, goodcover/nestingEP Carolina Jessaminep. 13CrossvineBush GermanderBignonia capreolata6-30’ evergreen vineLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: LowWildlife: Bees andhummingbirds,cover/nestingTeucrium fruticans4-6’ evergreen shrubKeep natural shapeLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: LowWildlife: Pollinators,good cover/nestingPhoto: The MediterraneanGardenerp. 19p. 4344
9/13/2016Hot and Dry/XericPrickly PearDrought-hardy plants area must in Texas.Fortunately, there’s avariety, and their usebrings texture to yourgarden.p. 39Big MuhlyArtichoke AgavePhoto: Birds and BloomsB/EOpuntia spp.3-5’ cactusLight: SunWater: LowWildlife: Bees; someanimals consume padsor fruitAgave parryi v. truncata2-3’ succulentLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: LowWildlife: Cover for smallarthropods; pollen/nectar if bloomingp. 39EMuhlenbergia lindheimeri3-4’ bunch grassLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: Low-medWildlife: Cover; nestingmaterial; host plantp. 41Photo: Katy Kramer McKinney, WFCHot and Dry/Xeric, cont’dGayfeatherBlackfoot DaisyELiatris spp.1-3’ perennialPurple fall bloomsLight: SunWater: Very lowWildlife: Great nectarsource for insectsEMelampodium leucanthum6-12” perennialDoes not like wet feetLight: SunWater: Very lowWildlife: Nectar/pollen forsmall insectsp. 27p. 29Agaritap. 15EMahonia trifoliata3-7’ shrub with sharpleavesLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: Very lowWildlife: Early blooms,spring berriesRed YuccaPhoto: Arizona DesertXeriscapep. 41Hesperaloe parviflora2-4’ agave with coralspikeLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: Very lowWildlife: AttractshummingbirdsE45
9/13/2016Hot and Dry/Xeric, cont’dDamianitaEsperanzaTecoma stans4-6’ deciduous shrubLight: SunWater: LowWildlife: Great nectarsource for bees andhummingbirdsPhoto: Joseph A. Marcusi, WFCChrysactinia mexicana1’ evergreen perennialFragrant foliageLight: SunWater: Very lowWildlife: Great nectarsource for bees andsmall butterfliesPhoto: Rachel Cywinski, WFCBuffalograssBouteloua dactyloides3-12” turf grassOften grown with Blue Grama andCurly MesquiteLight: SunWater: LowWildlife: Seeds for birds, host plantfor Skipper butterfliesScreening PlantsWax MyrtleBMorella cerifera12-15’ evergreen shrubPlant away from structuresLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: MediumWildlife: Berries, cover, hostplant for two Hairstreakbutterfliesp. 15Pineapple Guavap. 21Photo: Forest & Kim StarrFeijoa sellowiana6-10’ evergreen shrubPink blooms, edible fruitLight: SunWater: Low-medWildlife: AttractspollinatorsPhoto: Sally and Andy Wasowski,WFCSandankwaViburnumCherry Laurelp. 11Photo: Sally and Andy Wasowski,WFCPrunus caroliniana15-20’ evergreen shrubWhite flowers, dark fruit,poisonous leavesLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: MediumWildlife: Attracts birds andpollinatorsp. 15Photo: Countryside NurseryViburnum suspensum6-8’ evergreen shrubFragrant, white waxyflowers, red berriesFreeze might damageLight: Sun/Part shadeWater: Medium46
9/13/2016Ponds There are many native waterloving plants – check local storesand ask friends for divides. If choosing exotic plants for yourpond, always pay attention towhether they are detrimental tonearby creeks and waterways.Pond plants can and do escape!Horsetail ReedEquisetum hyemale L.American WhiteWater LilyNymphaea odorataPhoto: Nest StudioPhoto: Joseph A.Marcus, WFCLizard TailCommon RushSaururus cernuus L. Juncus effusus L.ArrowheadSagittaria lancifoliaTexas Star HibiscusHibiscus coccineusPhoto: Online Plant GuidePhoto: Hosking NurseryPhoto: Ray Mathews, WFCDeer-Resistant PlantsPlants with strong scents, tastes, or texturesare least palatable to deer.Examples include: Sages/Salvias, BasketGrass, Big Muhly, Chocolate Daisy, ChilePequin, Texas Betony, Damianita, Milkweed,Shrubby Skullcap, Texas Lantana, FlameAcanthus, and more47
9/13/2016Where to Find Information Austin’s Native and Adapted Landscape Plants(also, www.growgreen.org) General Native Texas Plant info re/ Central Texas avis/ TC Master Gardener Help Desk and DaphneRichards Caterpillar Host Plants:http://texasento.net/CenTexPlnts.pdf (AustinButterfly y/butterfly/tnhc-tx-butterfly-gardening.pdf (Univ. ofTexas) Bird Favorites (Travis here to Buy Natives and AdaptedLocal nurseries: Several offer many native and goodadapted choices, including: Barton Springs Nursery (South-Central Austin) Natural Gardener (South Austin) Vivero Growers (en route to Dripping Springs) It’s About Thyme (South Austin) The Great Outdoors (South Austin) Shoal Creek Nursery (Central Austin) Red Barn (North Austin) Green ‘n Growing (Pflugerville) Round Rock Gardens (Round Rock) McIntire’s Garden Center (Georgetown)Native Plant Sales: At the Wildflower Center’s spring (April) and fall (October) plant sales,you can get hard-to-find natives for your garden. Also, our local Native Plant Societiesperiodically host sales.Native Seeds: Native American Seed at www.seedsource.com48
9/13/2016Wrapping UpEReflection on Native and AdaptedPlants*Sustainability*Suitability*Wildlife ConsiderationsQuestions?Chocolate DaisyBerlandiera lyratap. 27Mmmm, chocolate .49
Sep 13, 2016 · Thorny plants Snags Meadow Water plants Groundcover Leaf litter Brush piles Fallen logs Photo Source: OKJDiscoveries Nature’s Layers: Vertical Niches. 9/13/2016 17 Sources of Places to Raise Young Many places that provide cover are also good places . spikes Needs room! 4-8 .
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A few non-native plants are bullies Invasive plants (such as English ivy and Italian arum) are aggressive, non-native plants that crowd out native plants and compete for water, sunlight, nutrients and space. They can easily escape home gardens via wind, water, wildlife or the soles of shoes. If left unchecked,
Native plants are plants that occur naturally in the region where you live. In Washington State, many native aquatic plants have a wide distribution throughout most of the state and in some cases throughout North America. Other native aquatic plants have narrower habitat requirements, and so are found only in a limited number of lakes or rivers.
23 Medicinal Plants the Native Americans Used on a Daily Basis Native Americans are renowned for their medicinal plant knowledge. It is rumored they first started using plants and herbs for healing after watching animals eat certain plants when they were sick. In order to protect these plants from over harvesting, the medicine men used to pick every third plant they found. The Native Americans .
