Philippine Indigenous Arts

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Philippine Indigenous ArtsPrepared By: Ms. Rosalia C. Rosario

Ancient and pre-Spanish Era:It is believed that the first inhabitants of the Philippines arrivedover many thousands of years ago. It is commonly thought thatthey migrated over a land bridge, which existed at that time, fromthe Asian mainland.The next known inhabitation is when the Negrito or Aeta arrivedin the islands. However, they were driven back by several wavesof immigrants from Indonesia, only to be followed by the maritimepeoples of the Malayan islands.

Philippine Indigenous Arts Sculpture /CarvingPotteryWeavingPhysical ornaments

Sculpture is three-dimensional artwork created byshaping or combining hard materials, typicallystone such as marble, metal, glass, or wood, orplastic materials such as clay, textiles, polymersand softer metals.

Carving is one of the techniques used insculpture.

Bul-ul are carved Anitofigures of the Ifugaos:these represent theirancestral spirit andgranary gods. SEATED IFUGAO"BULUL" AT THECONCLUSION OFTHE ANNUAL IFUGAOHARVEST RITUAL"BULULS" PLACED INRICE GRANARIES ARECONSIDEREDGUARDIANS OFTHE HARVEST

Ifugao sculpture

SarimanokShown above are the most well-known of the old designs, the sarimanok. Thefigure represents a fowl with wings, feathered tail, and a head decorated withornaments of scrolled and painted motif of leaves, spirals, and feather-likeforms. It usually stands on a fish and another one hangs from its beak. Thewooden figure, usually perched atop a bamboo pole, stands amongdecorative flags during weddings and other festive occasions.

Ang Hagabi ay isang upuang kahoy ng mga Ifugao na sumisimbolosa panlipunang katayuan ng isang mamamayan. Ito ay nagpapakitang yaman at kapangyarihan ng may-ari nito na kadalasan ay isangKadanagyan o isang taong nabibilang sa mataas na antas salipunan. Ito ay sa kadahilanang tanging ang mga mayayamanlamang ang may kakayahang mag pagawa nito kasama na ang ritwalna ipinagdiriwang sa oras na matapos ang pagbubuo nito.

Ang hagabi ay isang upuang kahoy na gawa sa narra o ipil. Ang orihinalna anyo nito ay tinatawag na ginulgulding na ang ibig sabihin ay "kagayang kambing", sapagkat sa dalawang dulo ng upuan ay mayroong nakaukitna animo'y ulo ng kambing. Sa kasalukuyan ang hagabi ay may iba't ibanang anyo - ang isang dulo nito na tinatawag na ngiwi ay kagaya na ngulo ng isang hayop na may mahabang ilong at dalawang malalakingtainga.

Torogan, the ancestral home of theMaranao Sultan or Datu. One of the richestsurvivors of Philippinepre-Spanish art isMaranao decorative art,described by critics asgraceful andrhythmical.Thefloorbeams of thehouses project beyondthe walls, and the endsor panolong, such asthe decorative figure,are carved andmulticolored.

The Panolong is a carved endbeam of the Torogon.

Pottery are objects that are first shaped of wetclay, then hardened by baking. Pottery includesboth decorative and practical items such asbowls, vases, dishes, and lamps

Pottery in the Philippines varies in forms andfunctions. The forms of the pots are directlyinfluenced by the functions of the pots and thetradition of the community/local area.

Palayok

Manunggul JarAng Tapayan sa Manunggul ay isang banga na ginamit sa paglilibing ngmga sinaunang tao sa Palawan noong 890-710 BK. Ang banga ay ukol sasekondaryang paglilibing kaya mga buto lamang ng yumao ang laman nito.Itinuturing itong Pambansang Kayamanan ng Pilipinas at makikita rin salikod ng 1000 libo na salapi.

Manunggul Jar

The Manunggul Jar is aNational Treasure of thePhilippines. A secondaryburial jar, it is designateditem 64-MO-74 in theNational Museum of thePhilippines, Manila. Thejar was found in ChamberA of the Tabon Cave, oneof the Manunggul cavesin Palawan. The jar isdated from about 2800years before the present.It was found by RobertFox and Miguel Santiago.

Leta-leta cave archaeologyLeta-leta Cave, Langen Island,El Nido, Palawan wasexcavated in 1965 by Dr.Robert Fox. Leta-leta Cave isan important burial sitebelonging to the LateNeolithic Period where anassemblage of stone andshell artifacts associatedwith sophisticated potteryand nephrite adzes and axeswere recovered. Othermaterials include stoneornaments and shell beads.

Weaving means to make cloth and otherobjects. Threads or strands of materialare passed under and over each other.

Weaving in the Philippines has different forms, functionsand materials. They also vary in design and techniquesused. Most of the common forms of weaving in thePhilippines are in the form of hats, mats, bags, basketsand textiles (clothes and blankets).

Weaving

A malong bearing okir designs.The Maranaos call their ornamental design okir, ageneral term for both the scroll and the geometric form.

Okir Design Okir a datu (gentlemen’s design) The scroll is thedominant feature in the men’s work composed ofvarious spiral forms. In contrasts, the zigzag andangular forms are the dominating motifs in women’sgeometric art – okir a bay (ladies’ design).

The most popular of all the malong styles is the landap. Which iseither dominantly red, yellow, green, blue, or violet. Red is thefavorite color along with yellow; these colors stand for royalty oraristocracy. Often, men wear the red landap and the women, theyellow.

Physical OrnamentsBONTOC, IFUAGO, AND KALINGA TRIBAL TEXTILESWITH A VARIETY OF SILVER AND BRASS"LINGLINGO" FERTILITY CHARMS

BONTOC WARRIOR'S RITUAL "BOAYA" HEAD HUNTING NECKLACE: SHELL,BOAR TUSK, RATTAN, FIBERAND BONEPhysical ornamentation can be categorized to three areas specificallythe use of traditional costumes (textile), jewelries and tattoos. Thedesigns vary depending on the location, users and function of theornaments.

Filipino bawisak earrings Traditional Ifugao tribe(Northern Luzon,Philippines) bead andshell bawisak earrings.The bottom shell designshave been described aseither representingbutterfliesor a certain item of malegenerative anatomy.

IFUGAO: WARRIOR'SSILVER "LINGLINGO"EARRING PAIR AND PENDANTS

Traditional Filipino Tattoo

The Philippine Tribal CostumesThe B'laan are one of the indigenous peoples of Southern Mindanao inThe Philippines.They are famous for their brassworks, beadwork and t'nalak weave.The people of these tribes wear colorful embroidered native costumesand beadwork accessories.

KALINGA The Kalinga are called the“peacocks of the north”because of their attention toappearance and dressing.Kalinga is a landlockedprovince of northernCordillera, Philippines.“Kalinga” means enemy, aname that the borderinginhabitantscalled this tribe because oftheir headhunting attacks.The name stuck and becameaccepted by the nativesthemselves.

T'BOLI The T'boli distinguishthemselves from otherTribal Groupsby their colorfulclothes, bracelets andearrings,this tribe is famous fortheir complicatedbeadwork,wonderful wovenfabrics and beautifulbrass ornaments.

The Bagobo are proud people with proto Malayan features.They have ornate traditions in weaponry and other metal arts.They are noted for their skill in producing brass articles through the ancient lostwax process.These people also weave abacca cloths of earth tones and make basketsthat are trimmed with beads, fibers and horse's hair.

How does Philippine folk(indigenous) art reflect natureand the life of the common folk? Philippine folk (indigenous) art reflectsnature and the life of the common folkthrough various media techniques andprocesses based on the factors of time,climate, resources, ideas and historicaland cultural context

References: rganicjewelry.com/ethnicSold.html

designs vary depending on the location, users and function of the ornaments. Filipino bawisak earrings Traditional Ifugao tribe (Northern Luzon, Philippines) bead and shell bawisak earrings. The bottom shell designs have been described as either representing butterflies

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