Chapter II Figurative Language - Repo Unpas

Example:- Her body sweating after gym, so she drinks a bottle ofPocari Sweat.ChiasmusChiasmus is figure of speech by which the other words in the first of two parallelclauses is reversed in the second (Drabble, 1985 : 189).Example:- She saved others; herself can not save.RepetitionRepetition is figure of speech by which the same words or phrases are usedrepeatedly in successive clauses (Tarigan, 1985 : 152).Example:- Awake up my glory, awake up my lute and harp, and I willawake right early.2.3 MeaningThe term meaning is simply derived from the word mean. The word ‘meaning’has a number of definitions as suggested by semantics, for instance, Leech in Dewi(2010,p.16) notes three points of meaning, those are:1. Meaning involves the speaker’s intention to convey a certain meaning thatmay or may not be evident from the message itself.2. Consequently, interpretation by the hearer is likely to depend on the context.3. Meaning in the sense is something, which is performed rather thansomething that exist is static way. It involves action and the interaction.17

Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary (2008:273) described meaning is a thing orideas that a word, sentence, and other. Meaning is the relationship of language withexternal language agreed by language user in order to understand each other.Understand meaning is very important to know the message inside the shortstory. We are all necessarily interested meaning. We wonder about the meaning ofnew word. Sometimes we are not sure about the message we should get fromsomething we read and we concerned about getting our own message accros toother. In this case people not only talk and write to describe things, events,characteristics, also express their opinion.2.4 SemanticsTo find the meaning in figurative language, we must know the meaning of eachword first to understand what actually meant by the author of the work. In Englishit is called semantics. Semantic is derived from Greek, from the word semanio(mean). Semantic is the study about meaning in language. Verhaar (1999 : 142)mention that semantic is the theory of meaning. Semantic is study about relationshipbetween the distinction linguistics with relationship of symbol in the activity oftalking. In traditional linguistics, language is viewed as the vocabulary which iscontained in literary works. And According to Saeed (1997:3) in his book entitledSemantics said that “Semantics is the study of meaning of words and sentence orsemantics is the study of meaning communicated through language.”According to Djajasudarma (1999:9) denotative meaning is a meaning has arelationship between concept and the world of facts. Denotative meaning has a realmeaning or in accordance with the visible, does not contain hidden meaning.18

Example: We are eating fast food. Words of fast food has a meaning of makanancepat saji in Indonesia.Meanwhile, Kridalaksana in Suwandi (2008:82) described that connotativemeaning is the aspect of the meaning of a group of words based on the feelings orthoughs that arise from the conversation of author and listener. Example: You aresuch a sweet person. Words of sweet has a meaning of manis in Indonesia or can beused to declare a very good person.From the two theories above, the researcher choose connotations meaningbecause it’s related with dominant figurative language in Madre’s short stories byDee Lestari. Because connotative meanings are more professional and operationalthan denotation meaning. In other words, connotative meaning is the meaningassociated with a particular condition and situation.2.5 Biography of Dewi LestariDewi “Dee” Lestari Simangunsong is an Indonesian writer, singer, andsongwriter. Dee was born in Bandung, West Java on 20 January 1976. She was thefourth of five children born to a religius Christian family. Raised to be active inmusic, she took up singing, later providing backing vocals for singer such asChrisye. After graduating high school, she attended Parahyangan CatholicUniversity and graduated with a degree in international relations. In 1993, she formthe girl group RSD (Rida Sita Dewi) with her friends Rida Farida and Sita Nursanti,together they released three albums and a greatest hits album on Warna Musik andSony Musik.19

From chilhood, writing was always Dee’s deepest passion. On fifth grade, littleDee imagined one day she would go to a bookstore and saw her published bookdisplayed on the shelves. Not to long after, she bought a notebook and wrote in itup until the last page. At that time, for her it was the closest experience of being anauthor.During her teenage years, Dee started to write few young adult short fictions,sent it over to magazines for publications and got many rejections. She tried to enterwriting competitions with no better luck. She felt frustrated, thinking she couldnever fulfill the mainstream requirements. She ended up writing short fictions thatwere too long and novels that were too short. She decided to keep all her work toherself. Showing them only to friends and family. Writing then became her ratherhidden passion.Out of her many savings that she made from singing. Dee bought her firstlaptop. Paper Boat, The Coffee Philosophy, Rico De Coro, were samples of herearly work in college and only being published more than a decade later. Howeverin 1993, Dee was moved to enter a writing competition. She didn’t feel confidentso she used her little sister’s name. Dee article won the first prize. Few years later,Dee’s oldest sister Key Mangunsong, showed Dee’s short fiction Rico De Coro toher friend. Hilman Hariwijaya, a famous Indonesian writer. Hilman submitted RicoDe Coro to Mode Magazine, one of Indonesia’s leading teenage magazines at thattime. Mode published the story and received raving responses from the readers.Only in 200, Dee started to wrote a manuscript she believed would turn to herreal, first book. It was the first installment of Supernova series, an episode titledKesatria, Putri, dan Bintang Jatuh. She was unsure her manuscript would interest20

the big publishers. So Dee self-published her first book on her 25th birthday as abirthday gift to herself. She never imagined it would be a best-seller. For her, it wasonly to fulfill her childhood dream. In January 2001, Supernova broke the record ofthe fastest selling book at the time. Seven thousand copies were sold in merelyfourteen days.Ever since her first publication, her popularity as a writer gradually grew. Thesecond installment of Supernova. Akar, was released in 2002, meanwhile heractivity as a singer began to reduce significantly. Dee resigned herself from thevocal trio Rida Sita Dewi ini 2003.Dee continued her writing journey. Supernova’s third episode, Petir, wasreleased in 2004. After that Dee published her first anthology, Filosofi Kopi, acollection of her short stories written in the span of ten years (1995 – 2005). FilosofiKopi was chosen by Tempo Magazine as The Best Literary Work of 2006. The bookalso made into Top 5 Khatulistiwa Literary Award in the same year.Dee always saw herself as a multigenre writer who didn’t wish to be confinedin one kind of work only. Young adult fiction has always been one of her favorites.Contrasting her previous “highbrow literature” association, she then wrote a youngadult fiction titled Perahu Kertas . initially, the story was introduced as the firstdigital novel in Indonesia, provided by one of the biggest cellular services in thecountry. It was a success. Perahu Kertas managed to draw ten thousands ofsubscribers who read the story from their mobile phones. The printed version wasreleased a year later by Bentang Pustaka. Up to now Perahu Kertas is one of hertop best-selling titles.21

Dee resurrected her musical talents again when her next book. Rectoverso, waspublished in 2008. Eleven short stories “mirrored” eleven songs that she had writtenand performed (each with same title). This experimental project became the firstliterature-music hybrid work in Indonesia. As a whole, Rectoverso was amultidimensional experience, combining audio through orchestral musicarrangements, visual through book illustrations, and of course, literature. Producedby Tommy Utomo and Ruzie Firuzie. Rectoverso as the music album, was liverecorded by 46 musicians under Magenta Orchestra with two main arrangers. AndiRianto and Ricky Lionardi, Fahmi Ilmansyah who had designed Dee’s book coversfor years, was in charge of the whole graphic design and illustration.Dee’s next book was an anthology titled Madre, another compilation of hershort stories written in the span of five years (2007-2011). A collection of thirteenshort stories and poems. Madre received Literary Award 2012 from the Ministry ofEducation and Culture.After nearly eight years break, Supernova series was back in 2012 with its fourthinstallment: Partikel. The launch became the talk of the nation, and made it intoTwitter’s trending topic worldwide. Partikel received many good reviews fromcritics and readers. Even the legendary column in Tempo Magazine, written by arenowned poet / essayist Goenawan Mohamad, had made a whole post dedicated toPartikel’s leading character, Zarah.Aside of herself-publishing company, Truedee Books. Dee had worked withseveral publishers, such as Bark, Akoer, Gagas Media, and Goodfaith Production.Now, all her works are under one publishing company, Bentang Pustaka. The fifthepisode of Supernova, Gelombang is released in October 2014. A year after, Dee22

and Gelombang was awarded as The Most Favorite Fiction Author and The MostFavorite Fiction Book in Anugerah Pembaca Indonesia (Indonesia Readers Award).The Supernova series finally reached an end in February 2016 as the finalepisode. Inteligensi Embun Pagi, was released. The sixth Supernova book took themarket by the storm. Ten thousand copies was sold by pre-order even before thebook hits the bookshelves.2.6 Synopsis of Madre’s Short StoriesConsist of 13 works of fiction and short prose, Madre’s anthology is a collection ofDee’s work for five years (2006-2011).1. MadreTansen Roy Wuisan didn’t expect a day to be given inheritance froma grandfather that he never knew, his name is Tan Sin Gie. He does not evenknow he has Chineese blood. Tansen who loves freedom and has been livinga relaxed live in Bali suddenly had to accept the presence of a breadbasketdough called Madre and Tan De Bekker old bakery that led by Mr. Hadi.And then, a women named Mei from Fairy Bread company, appears andwants to get Madre.2. Rimba AmniotikThis short story is unique because has an implied message and itdoes not characters or dialogue. Tell story about an unusual love letter froma mother to the fetus that being conceived, reflecting the amazing journeyof man from nothingness to the birth.23

3. Have You Ever?Howard traveled to Byron Bay, Australia. Because the clue of a loveletter from a woman who belived they were a matchmate. But Howard wasmarried. Accompanied by his partner, Darma, Howard tries to go to ByronBay lighthouse in search of a sign that is belived to be the way out of histurmoil.4. Semangkok Acar untuk Cinta dan Tuhan“There are reporters who ask me about the definition of love andGod?” By knowing what love is, we know what God is. And when we knowGod, we can also know what love is. The two most complex questions: whatis love and what God is, are answered simply and ridiculous. Then what thecorrelation with pickles? From this short story, we can find the true meaningof love and God. Only a strong believer and faith in his God are able to seeand feel what love is. A simple story but have a meaningfull message.5. GurujiAri and Ari are the perfect and inseparable couple, until one of Arifinds another way of life and turns into the one who is called Guruji. Arilonging and grudging. He wants Guruji back to be Ari that he love.6. Menunggu Layang-layang24

There was never a problem between Che and Starla as long as theydid not discuss Starla’s complicated love life. But, as soon as Starla getsclose to Rako, Che’s best friend since childhood, Che takes immediateaction. In order to save Rako, Che stakes his friendhsip with Starla. Butsomething happened more than that.Poetry and short prose in this anthology are: Perempuan dan Rahasia,Ingatan tentang Kalian, Wajah Telaga, Tanyaku Pada Bambu, 33, Percakapan diSebuah Jembatan, dan Barangkali Cinta.25

2.1 Definitions of Figurative Language Figurative language is language that uses words or expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation. Figurative language makes expression of varied thoughts and feelings. It comes to how to compose sentence effectively and aesthetically, it can give concrete description in mind .