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INDIANAARCHAEOLOGYVolume 8Number 12013Indiana Department of Natural ResourcesDivision of Historic Preservationand Archaeology (DHPA)

ACKNOWLEDGMENTSIndiana Department of Natural ResourcesCameron F. Clark, Director and State Historic Preservation OfficerDivision of Historic Preservation and Archaeology (DHPA)Mitchell K. Zoll, Director and Deputy State Historic Preservation OfficerDHPA Archaeology StaffJames R. Jones III, Ph.D., State ArchaeologistAmy L. Johnson, Senior Archaeologist and Archaeology Outreach CoordinatorCathy L. Draeger-Williams, ArchaeologistWade T. Tharp, ArchaeologistRachel A. Sharkey, Records Check CoordinatorEditorsJames R. Jones III, Ph.D.Amy L. JohnsonEditorial Assistance: Cathy Draeger-WilliamsPublication Layout: Amy L. JohnsonAdditional acknowledgments: The editors wish to thank the authors of the submitted articles, aswell as all of those who participated in, and contributed to, the archaeological projects which arehighlighted. The U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service is gratefully acknowledged for their support of Indiana archaeological research as well as this volume.Cover design: The images which are featured on the cover are from several of the individualarticles included in this journal.This publication has been funded in part by a grant from the U.S. Department of the Interior,National Park Service‘s Historic Preservation Fund administered by the Indiana Department ofNatural Resources, Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology. In addition, theprojects discussed in several of the articles received federal financial assistance from the HistoricPreservation Fund Program for the identification, protection, and/or rehabilitation of historicproperties and cultural resources in the State of Indiana. However, the contents and opinionscontained in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S.Department of the Interior. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Section 504 of theRehabilitation Act of 1973, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on thebasis of race, color, national origin, or disability in its federally assisted programs. If you believethat you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above,Indiana Archaeology 8(1) 20132

or if you desire further information, please write to: Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S.Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20240.Mission Statement: The Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology promotes theconservation of Indiana‟s cultural resources through public education efforts, financialincentives including several grant and tax credit programs, and the administration of state andfederally mandated legislation.For further information contact:Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology402 W. Washington Street, Room W274Indianapolis, Indiana 46204-2739Phone: 317/232-1646Email: dhpa@dnr.IN.govwww.IN.gov/dnr/historic2013Indiana Archaeology 8(1) 20133

Indiana ArchaeologyVolume 8 Number 1TABLE OF CONTENTSNotes: The projects discussed in several of the articles, noted below with ―HPF,‖ receivedfederal financial assistance from the Historic Preservation Fund Program for the identification,protection, and/or rehabilitation of historic properties and cultural resources in the State ofIndiana.Authors, and not the Department of Natural Resources nor the Division of Historic Preservationand Archaeology, are responsible for ensuring that proper permission is obtained for the use ofany images, figures, and photographs in their articles, as well as ensuring that there are nocopyright violations. In addition, the authors are responsible for providing accurate and propercitations, references, and attributions/credit for any relevant images, figures and photographsused in their articles.Introduction6About the Editors and Authors7ArticlesUsing Tree-ring Growth Patterns to Identify the Date of Construction of CommunityHouse No. 2, New Harmony, IndianaChristopher Baas and Darrin L. Rubino11New Albany‘s Recent Industrial Past as Revealed in the Archaeology of the LoopIsland WetlandsAnne Tobbe Bader and Anna Maas(HPF)32Control of Their Bodies, Control of Their Votes: Pins and Prophylactics Tell theSuffragette StoryRebecca Gibson and James M. VanderVeen56Hoosier History in the Deep: Survey of Lake Michigan Historic Shipwrecks inIndiana‘s WatersKira E. Kaufmann72A Data Deficient Region: An Archaeological Survey of Blackford County, IndianaJoseph R. Miller, Victoria L. Kiefer, and Kristin Kjeldsen(HPF)Indiana Archaeology 8(1) 20134104

Site 12Da1007: Interpreting 9,000 Years of Occupation in the Prairie Creek BasinPatrick D. Trader125Reports / FeaturesThe Archaeological Conservancy in IndianaPaul Gardner146George Rogers Clark Archaeology of a Frontier HeroAmy L. Johnson148Glossary of Archaeological Terms154Prehistoric Indians of Indiana159Indiana Archaeology 8(1) 20135

INTRODUCTIONPer state statute (Indiana Code 14-21-1-12), one of the duties of the Division of HistoricPreservation and Archaeology (DHPA) is to develop a program of archaeological research anddevelopment, including the publication of information regarding archaeological resources in thestate. This journal is one of the ways the DHPA addresses that mandate. Also, Indiana Code 1421-1-13 states that the Division may conduct a program of education in archaeology. Indiana‘scultural resources management plans have also listed educating the public about Indiana‘sprehistoric and historic Native American cultures and identifying, and studying NativeAmerican, African-American, and other ethnic and cultural heritage resources, as ways toaccomplish several preservation goals. The variety of archaeological sites in Indiana is wideranging and impressive. Virtually all of the cultural groups prehistorically and historically inIndiana are represented archaeologically in one way or another.We are pleased to offer this digital document containing articles on a broad range ofarchaeological and anthropological topics. Archaeology is happening regularly in Indiana, andall of these articles provide the reader with various insights into many important sites, theories,and projects. To view previous volumes of Indiana Archaeology, go to http://www.in.gov/dnr/historic/3676.htm.For those who may not be familiar with some archaeological terms, a helpful glossary ofsome of these general terms is included in the back of this journal. To also aid the nonarchaeologist reader, a general overview of prehistoric time periods may be found at the end ofthis volume. Additional archaeological outreach documents, including Early Peoples of Indiana,may be accessed at www.IN.gov/dnr/historic. For those readers who may not be familiar with theauthors and editors of the volume, biographical information is provided. Feel free to access ourIndiana archaeological travel itinerary eo.pdf) ifyou would wish to visit an archaeological site. The DHPA also urges you to participate in theannual Indiana Archaeology Month in September. If you have an interest in providing avoluntary financial donation to contribute to archaeology in our state, please consider theArcheology Preservation Trust Fund (http://www.in.gov/dnr/historic/5897.htm).- - JRJ, ALJTo archaeologists, the human past is owned by no one. It represents the cultural heritage ofeveryone who has ever lived on Earth or will live on it in the future. Archaeology puts all humansocieties on an equal footing.Introduction to The Oxford Companion to Archaeology, Oxford University Press, New York.1996. Edited by Brian M. FaganIndiana Archaeology 8(1) 20136

ABOUT THE EDITORS AND AUTHORSEditorsJohnson, Amy L.– Ms. Johnson, Senior Archaeologist and Archaeology OutreachCoordinator, has worked for the DHPA since 1991. She is also Indiana‘s statenetwork coordinator for the Public Education Committee of the Society forAmerican Archaeology. Ms. Johnson holds a B.S. and a M.A., both Anthropology, from Ball State University. Her main research interests are prehistoricarchaeology (specifically the Adena and Hopewell periods), historic cemeteries,and public outreach regarding archaeological resources. She is one of the editorsof this volume and was responsible for the layout of the document.Jones, James R. III, Ph.D.– Dr. Jones has been with the DHPA since 1987 andhas served as Indiana State Archaeologist since 1991. Dr. Jones received his B.A.in Anthropology and English from the University of New Mexico, and his M.A.and Ph.D. in Anthropology from Indiana University. He has substantialexperience in prehistoric and historical archaeology, and his research interestsinclude historical cultures in Indiana. Dr. Jones is one of the editors of thisvolume.Editorial AssistanceDraeger-Williams, Cathy– Archaeologist Cathy Draeger-Williams has been withthe DHPA since 2003. She holds an A.A. from Vincennes University, a B.A. inHistory and Anthropology from Ball State University, and a M.A. inAnthropology from Ball State University. She provided editorial assistance withthis volume.Indiana Archaeology 8(1) 20137

AuthorsBaas, R. Christopher– Christopher Baas is a Registered Landscape Architect withover twenty years experience documenting, preserving, and interpreting historiclandscapes. He holds degrees in Landscape Architecture from Ball StateUniversity and the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is an Assistant Professorof Landscape Architecture at Ball State University, teaching landscapepreservation, planning, and design. His current research interests include culturallandscape studies, agricultural history, and the history of African-Americanbaseball in Indiana. He has been studying southeast Indiana‘s hay culture for thepast ten years.Bader, Anne Tobbe, RPA– Anne has nearly 40 years of experience in archaeologyand cultural resources management. Experienced in both prehistoric and historicalarchaeology, she has served as Principal Investigator for the full range ofarchaeological investigations. Her professional experience lies both in the privateand public sectors and includes managing CRM units for small and large firms.She has served as archaeologist for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, LouisvilleDistrict. In 2006, Anne established a woman-owned small business in Corn IslandArchaeology LLC to fill a niche providing quality and cost-effective services tolocal and regional clientele in the Falls of the Ohio River area of north-centralKentucky and southern Indiana. Anne is committed to public archaeology andeducation. In 2002, she formed the Falls of the Ohio Archaeological Society(FOAS), an award-winning professional/amateur/student alliance that hasattracted interested membership from three states. In 2004, she was awarded theIndiana Archaeology Award. She occasionally serves as adjunct instructor atJefferson Community College in Louisville where she teaches courses inarchaeology and New World civilization.Gardner, Paul, Ph.D.– Dr. Gardner is a native of North Carolina and a resident ofColumbus, Ohio since 1991. He took a Ph.D. in anthropology from the Universityof North Carolina at Chapel Hill specializing in the study of the archaeology ofthe Eastern Woodlands of the United States. He joined The ArchaeologicalConservancy as the Midwest Regional Director in 1994, where he has overseenthe creation of over 50 archaeological research preserves in 11 states. He ismarried to archaeologist Kristen Gremillion, a professor at the Ohio StateUniversity.Gibson, Rebecca– Ms. Gibson is finishing her M.A. in Anthropology andWomen's and Gender Studies at Brandeis University, and has taught at theBrandeis Osher Lifetime Learning Institute, and Wheelock College. She iscurrently working on an exploration of agency in Victorian era women, in relationto corsets and ribcage osteological morphometrics, which she hopes to continueonto a Ph.D. She also hopes to continue to teach so that she may spread her loveof anthropology to new classes of students.Indiana Archaeology 8(1) 20138

Johnson, Amy L.– Ms. Johnson, Senior Archaeologist and Archaeology OutreachCoordinator, has worked for the DHPA since 1991. She is also Indiana‘s statenetwork coordinator for the Public Education Committee of the Society forAmerican Archaeology. She holds a B.S. and a M.A., both Anthropology, fromBall State University. Ms. Johnson has written/co-written numerous archaeologyoutreach documents, including Early Peoples of Indiana. She is one of the editorsof this volume and was responsible for the layout of the document.Kaufmann, Kira E., Ph.D., RPA, AAUS– Dr. Kaufmann is a PrincipalInvestigator/Underwater Archaeologist for Commonwealth Cultural ResourcesGroup, Inc. and a Research Associate in the Department of Anthropology at TheUniversity of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Dr. Kaufmann has been an archaeologist forover 30 years having worked in cultural resource management, for stategovernment, in academia, and in public archaeology. She holds a B.A., M.A., andPh.D. in Anthropology, specializing in archaeogeophysics (the archaeologicalapplication of technology such as ground penetrating radar, resistivity,conductivity, sidescan sonar, magnetometry, and sub-bottom profiling) at nauticaland terrestrial archaeological sites. Her research interests address the landscapearchaeology of terrestrial earthworks, such as mounds, and submerged sites, suchas shipwrecks. She has conducted Archaeological projects in the Midwest andSoutheast United States, in northern and southern Peru, in Africa, and inSoutheast Asia. Dr. Kaufmann has directed and project managed underwaterarchaeological projects at both prehistoric and historic sites. Dr. Kaufmann is alsoa technical SCUBA diver with numerous advanced certifications safety trainingcertifications, and has been teaching SCUBA for over 20 years.Kiefer, Victoria L.– Ms. Kiefer recently graduated with a Bachelor's degree inAnthropology from Ball State University. She had been employed at the AppliedArchaeology Laboratories (now Applied Anthropology Laboratories) at Ball StateUniversity. Victoria is interested in cultural resource management, prehistoricarchaeology, and coastal archaeology.Kjeldsen, Kristin– Ms. Kjeldsen recently graduated with a Bachelor's degree inAnthropology from Ball State University. She had been employed at the AppliedArchaeology Laboratories (now Applied Anthropology Laboratories) at Ball StateUniversity. Kristin is interested in both prehistoric and historic archaeology,cultural resource management, and under-water archaeology.Maas, Anna– Ms. Maas received her Bachelor of Architectural History, Master ofUrban and Environmental Planning, and Certificate in Historic Preservation at theUniversity of Virginia, School of Architecture, concentrating on nineteenth- andtwentieth-century high-style and vernacular American architecture. She has over12 years of experience in Cultural Resource Management and PreservationPlanning in the Midwest, Middle Atlantic, Northeast, and Southeast. At CornIsland Archaeology, she serves as the principal investigator and project manageron all historic properties investigations, including Section 106 complianceIndiana Archaeology 8(1) 20139

projects, National Register nominations, and HABS/HAER documentation. Herexpertise contributes to archaeological investigations, landscape master plans,cultural histories, and management plans. In addition to research, fieldwork, andreporting, she is responsible for proposals and budgeting, project planning andmanagement, and oversight of support staff. She also assists in marketing.Devoted to historic preservation education, Ms. Maas is a past board member ofthe Louisville Historical League and currently serves on the boards ofPreservation Kentucky and Preservation Action based in Washington, D.C.Research interests include the history of transportation, land use, and developmentas well as twentieth- and twenty-first-century design worldwide.Miller, Joseph R.– Mr. Miller is a recent graduate of Ball State University in theDepartment of Anthropology and was a graduate assistant for the AppliedArchaeology Laboratories (now Applied Anthropology Laboratories). He receivedhis B.A. in archaeology from the University of Evansville, his M.A. in BiblicalStudies from Asbury Theological Seminary, and his M.A. in anthropology fromBall State University. Although he is currently working in prehistoric archaeologyof North America, his interests also include the archaeology of the Mediterraneanworld and the Ancient Near East and New Testament Studies.Rubino, Darrin, Ph.D.– Dr. Rubino is an Associate Professor of Biology and theBiology Department Chair at Hanover College (Hanover, Indiana). He earned hisPh.D. (forest ecology) from Ohio University. Currently, Darrin‘s research mainlyfocuses on dendrochronology, the use of tree rings to analyze tree growth. He usestree-ring techniques to date the construction of historically erected buildingsthroughout the Midwest by analyzing the tree-ring patterns in buildings‘ timbers.He focuses his work in the Mid-Ohio River Valley and has dated scores ofstructures in the region. He also studies the cultural use of timber species in theconstruction of buildings, tools, and wooden implements (especially floor looms).Trader, Patrick D.– Mr. Trader is a Principal Investigator with Gray & Pape, Inc.in Cincinnati, Ohio, although he conducts much of his fieldwork in Indiana. Mr.Trader received his B.A. and M.A. in Anthropology from the University ofMissouri-Columbia with an emphasis in prehistoric archaeology. His interestsfocus on settlement-subsistence patterns of prehistoric groups, as well as landformdevelopment through the disciplines of geoarchaeology and geomorphology.VanderVeen, James (Jay), Ph.D.– Dr. VanderVeen earned his M.A. and Ph.D. inAnthropology at Indiana University focusing on the use of ceramic objects asindicators of social class and change. Now an associate professor at IndianaUniversity South Bend, he directs archaeological field work in northern Indiana aswell as the Caribbean. Both places allow for the study of cultures in contact andinnovative interpretations of the past.Indiana Archaeology 8(1) 201310

USING TREE-RING GROWTH PATTERNS TO IDENTIFY THE DATE OFCONSTRUCTION OF COMMUNITY HOUSE NO. 2, NEW HARMONY, INDIANAChristopher BaasBall State UniversityMuncie, INDarrin L. RubinoHanover CollegeHanover, INIntroductionIn 1814 Father George Rapp and approximately 1,000 followers established the town ofHarmony, Indiana in the frontier wilderness of the Wabash River Valley. The millenarian groupwas known for communal living, hard work, and celibacy and migrated to the seclusion of theIndiana Territory to await Jesus Christ‘s Second Coming. Harmony, where Rapp and hisfollowers resided for ten years, was the second of three American towns the group constructedafter leaving the German Duchy of Württemberg in 1803. The group had outgrown the hastilycreated town of Harmony, Pennsylvania in 1804 (Taylor 1987:16). Desiring more space andgreater isolation, Rapp chose the Wabash River location of New Harmony for its access to NewOrleans markets to support their industry. The Harmonists laid out their town on a grid andconstructed two churches, and several substantial industrial and agricultural structures (forinstance a granary, brewery, and rope-making factory). The landscape surrounding the town waslaid out in agricultural fields and vineyards, and the community became wealthy selling theirgoods. When the region filled with non-Harmonist settlers, the group chose to isolate itself againby moving back to western Pennsylvania, and they created the town of Economy in 1824. Rappsold Harmony, Indiana to Welsh industrialist Robert Owen who attempted to establish a utopiancommunity. However, this experiment failed after only a few years, and the town was sold toindividual property owners whe

We are pleased to offer this digital document containing articles on a broad range of archaeological and anthropological topics. Archaeology is happening regularly in Indiana, and all of these articles provide the reader with various insights into many important sites, theories, and projects.

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