Technical Report Overview

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Teck Coal Environmental OfficeBag Service 2000, 421 Pine AvenueSparwood, B.C. Canada V0B 2G0 1 250 425 3331 Telwww.teck.comTechnical ReportOverviewReport: Calcite Monitoring Program 2015 ReportOverview: This report presents the 2015 results of the calcite monitoring program required under Permit107517. This report summarizes the degree and extent of calcite formation in specific stream reacheswithin the Elk Valley watershed.This report was prepared for Teck by Lotic Environmental Ltd.For More InformationIf you have questions regarding this report, please: Phone toll-free to 1.855.806.6854 Email feedbackteckcoal@teck.comFuture studies will be made available at teck.com/elkvalley

Tecck CoalC l Lttd.200155 Caalcitte MMonnitorringgAnnuaal & StaatisticaalPowerr ReeporrtElk VallleyMayM 2016Preepared byLotic Envvironmentaal Ltd.2193 Mazur RooadCrannbrook BCCV1CV6V9

Teeck Coal Lttd – Elk Vaalley2015 Callcite Monittoring ProggramSuggested citationRobinsonn, M.D. M. Chernos,CK. Baranowskka, and R.J. MacDonaldd. 2016. Tecck Coal Ltd – ElkValley 2015 CalciteCMonnitoring Proogram Annuual Report and Prograam Assessmment.epared for Teck Coal Ltdd by Lotic Ennvironmentaal Ltd. 17 pp appendicees.PreOn behalf of Lotic Ennvironmental,Mike Robbinson MSc,, RPBioSenior Aquatic Ecoloogistmike.robinson@lotic.coii

Teeck Coal Lttd – Elk Vaalley2015 Callcite Monittoring ProggramAcknowledgemmentsWe would like to thaank Kevin Attherton and Leigh Sticknney for theirr involvemennt in this proogramand in particular witth reviewing the initial workwplans, field work, and final siite selectionn. Wewould alsso like to thaank Dr. Carl Schwarz (DDepartment oof Statistics & Actuarial Science – SSimonFraser University) for reviewing thet statisticaal assessme nts in this reeport.iii

Teeck Coal Lttd – Elk Vaalley2015 Callcite Monittoring ProggramTable of Conttents123456Introoduction . . 1Study area . . 21.12015 Monitooring site loccations . . 41.2Methods . . 42.1Field surveyys . . 42.22015 Calcitee Index and general disttribution . . 52.3Rate of chaange in calcitte depositionn . . 52.3.1Regresssion analysis . . 52.3.2ANOVAA . . 62.4Program asssessment . . 62.4.1Site-levvel variabilityy . . 6Reach--level variability . . 62.4.22.4.3Pebblee count sampple size asseessment . . 7Ressults . . 8Summary of3.1o QA/QC Isssues . . 83.22015 Calcitee Index and general disttribution . . 83.3Rate of chaange in calcitte depositionn . . 103.3.1Regresssion . . 103.3.2ANOVAA . . 113.4Program asssessment . . 123.4.1Site-levvel variabilityy . . 123.4.2Reach--level variability . . 133.4.3Pebblee count sampple size asseessment . . 16Summmary . . 18Reccommendatioons . . 20Literature Cited. . 21List of FigureesFigure 1. Elk River watershedwstuudy area maap. . . 3Figure 2. Percent disstribution of exposed stream kilomeeters amongg CI bins by stream cateegoryand yearr (each year sum to 100%% for the strream categoory). . 9Figure 3. Percent disstribution of reference sttream kilomeeters amongg CI bins byy stream cateegoryand yearr (each year sum to 100%% for the strream categoory). . 10Figure 4. Within-site standard deeviation versus CI. . . 12Figure 5. Empirical polynomialprelationsrforr each year of record. SShaded areaas correspond to95% confidence intervals. . . 14Figure 6. Modelled differencesd(CI/year)(as a function oof the reach--averaged ccalcite index for aselected number of samplessper site. . . 15Figure 7. Modelled and observeed detectionn levels for nine sites wwith N 3 and N 6 (greyshading indicates 955% confidencce interval). . 16Figure 8. Absolute percentagepdifferencedfoor concretionn, presence, and calcite index scorees forthe entiree dataset (2013-2015). BlueBlines coorrespond too the loess-ssmoothed beest-fit, whilee greyshaded areasacorresspond to 95%% confidencee intervals. . . 17IV

Teeck Coal Lttd – Elk Vaalley2015 Callcite Monittoring ProggramList of TablessTable 1. Equations foor Calcite prresence (CIp) and Calcitee concretionn (CIc). . 5Table 2. Stream calccite distribution (km) esttimates for t he four stream categoriies, by CI raangesfor 2015. . . 9Table 3. Reaches with significannt changes frrom 2013 – 22015. . 10Table 4. Mean CI values by yearr for reachess with significcant changees. . 11Table 5. ANOVA ressults for reacches with siggnificant effeect of year. SSignificant year-year pairingsidentifiedd from Tukeyy’s HSD testt are also inddicated. . . 11plicate. . 12Table 6. Site-mean CIC values forr ten sites saampled in tripTable 7. Reach-meaan CI valuess for nine reaaches samppled at threee and six sitees (SD stanndarddeviationn). . . 13Table 8. Estimated number of samples (NN) as well a s 90% conffidence intervals requireed tosdetectable differences (d). . . 16achieve selectndicesList of AppenAppendixx 1. Sites vissited by proggram yearAppendixx 2. Calcite sites data.Appendixx 3. 2015 Elkk Valley calccite monitoring results byy stream reaachAppendixx 4. Calcite distributiondmapsmAppendixx 5. Regresssion analysiss results for reaches sammpled in eacch of Year 1,, 2, and 3 (2015).Appendixx 6. Bar grapphs (with 95% confidencce intervals) of reach meean CI from 2013 – 20155.Definiitions DegreeD– Thee amount of calcite depoosition estimmated by the level of concretion. ExposedE– Sttream locatioons with minne-influencedd water. Areeas downstreeam of mininng. ExtentE– The spatial coveerage of callcite deposittion which can be expreessed as an areacoovered at a specific locaation or lineaar coverage over a streaam profile. HabitatHunit – A distincct channel unit posseessing homoogeneous ggeomorpholoogicalcharacteristiccs (e.g., riffle, pool, glidde, cascadee). Also refeerred to as channel unnit ormesohabitat.m ReachR– A reelatively hommogeneous section of sstream in teerms of channnel morphoology,riparian cover and flow (RRISC 2001). ReferenceR– AnA area withhout upstreaam mining acctivity. SamplingSunit – A single unit used too describe a larger entitty. For exammple, a site ccouldbe considereed the samppling unit for estimatingg the averagge calcite cooverage oveer anentire reach. SiteS – A locaation within a reach whhere observaations of caalcite deposiition were mmade.TheseTare replicaterobbservations (sample unnits) within the treatmeent unit (reeach).V

Teeck Coal Lttd – Elk Vaalley2015 Callcite Monittoring Proggram1 IntrroductioonTeck Coal Ltd (Teckk) has beenn documenting calcite ooccurrence in the Elk VValley since 2008(Berduscco 2009). Thhe current CalciteCMonnitoring Proggram (the PProgram) waas established in2013 to refine Teck’’s ability to estimate thee linear exteent of calcitte depositionn downstreaam ofmine opeerations (Roobinson et al.a 2013). The Programm was impleemented on an annual basisfrom 2013 – 2015. ThisTyear (20015) marks YearY3 of m onitoring following the ccurrent plan. Thisreport prresents and discusses thet results ofo 2015, but also includes an updatte on the cuurrentunderstanding of calcite deposition and asseessment of vvarious program componnents.This report is beingg submitted to fulfill Peermit 1075177 Section 10.6 which sstates “A CalciteMonitorinng (Section 9.5) Annual Report must be submiitted to the Director by May 31, of eachyear folloowing the daata collectionn calendar year.” In add ition, this 20015 report inncludes addittionalinformation to fulfill the Permitt 107517 Seection 10.6 requiremennt that “the Permittee mustprovide a document investigatinng the statistical power of the calcitte monitorinng program wwhenreviewingg monitoringg resultsThere aree four key objectives of the 2013-20015 Programm:1. DocumentDthee extent andd degree of calcite depoosition in strreams downnstream of TTeck’scooal operations and in refference streams.2. SatisfyScalcitte-specific monitoringmregulatoryrrrequirementss, includingg the Elk VValleyWaterWQualitty Plan (EVVWQP) commmitment to assess thee rate of change in ccalcitefoormation, by monitoring changes oveer time.3. ProvidePinforrmation to supportsidenntification of “priority strreams” in reegards to ccalcitemanagementmt decisions asa presentedd in the Elk VValley Waterr Quality Plaan (Teck 2014).4. ProvidePdata to facilitate an ongoing evaluation oof the sampling methods used, andd theirefffectiveness in detectingg and describbing calcite deposition.Unique too this Year 3 report is thhe objective to critically assess the current proggram and prooviderecommeendations foor modificatiions to the field and aanalytical methods used in subseqquentyears of the Programm.A key feature of thee Program wasw that it wasw designe d to providee spatial esttimates of ccalciteon over a coontinuous strream networrk. The Elk River watersshed has beeen stratifiedd intodepositiowatersheed, stream, reaches, annd ultimatelyy sites wherre observatiions are maade on indivvidualstream substratespaarticles. Theese results are then sttatistically aassessed annd interpreteed toensure thhat they aree appropriateely worked backbup fromm the site leevel to a waatershed scaale toprovide a holistic asssessment of calcite depoosition throu ghout the Elk Valley.Teck is workingwwith the EMC too develop ann Adaptive MManagemennt Plan (AMPP). The AMPP hasidentifiedd key uncertainties, or gaps in curreent understaanding that rrelate to calccite manageementin the Elkk Valley and which, if redduced, are likely to eitheer help confiirm that currrent manageementactions area appropriiate or lead to refinemeents or chaanges that wwould betterr satisfy EVWWQPobjectivees and requuirements off Permit 1077517. The 2013-2015 Calcite Monnitoring Proograminforms KeyK Uncertaainty 4.1.2 - HowHcan calcite degree and extent be measureed effectivelyy andconsistenntly?1

Teeck Coal Lttd – Elk Vaalley2015 Callcite Monittoring Proggram1.1 Sttudy areaaThe studdy area was defined to include eacch of Teck’s five coal mmining operations in souuthernBritish ColumbiaC(Figure 1). Sites are locatted through out the Elk Valley to eencompass aareasdownstreeam of Forrding River Operationss, Line Cre ek Operatioons, Greenhills Operattions,Elkview Operations,OMOpperations. Thhe downstreeam study limmit was Reaach 8and Coal Mountainof the Elk River, whhich extendss to Fernie,, BC. This sstudy area was consistent with Yeear 1(Robinsoon and MacDonald 20014) and YearY2 (Roobinson andd MacDonald 2015) ccalcitemonitorinng field programs.2

Teeck Coal Lttd – Elk Vaalley2015 Callcite Monittoring ProggramFigure 1. Elk River watershedwstudysarea map.3

Teeck Coal Lttd – Elk Vaalley2015 Callcite Monittoring Proggram1.2 20015 Monittoring sitte locationnsan toLotic Envvironmental and the Teeck Coal prooject team ddeveloped tthe Year 3 ssampling plaincorporaate feedbacck received from variouus agenciess, and to incorporate reecommendaationsfrom Yeaar 2 (Robinsson and MaacDonald 20015). The Yeear 3 samplling plan waas then revieewedwith eacch mine opeeration to ennsure safe work condittions and too discuss cchanges in wwatermanagemment. In totaal, 358 sites from 124 sttream reachhes were surrveyed in 20015. A numbber ofchanges to the Progrram made inn the Year 3 sampling pllan:Sites remmoved (N 338) RemovalRof lentic sampling areas: 131 sites fromm 9 lentic reeaches. Lentic samplingg wasfoound to be inconclusive following thhe Year 1 a nd 2 sampliing protocol (Robinson et al.and interpre2013). Challeenges arosee with acceess into deeeper water aetation of spatialcooverage oveer waterbodies that incluuded large aareas of fine sedimentatiion. The deccisiontoo remove lenntic sites was based on their low prooportion of tootal site reprresentation iin theProgramP(13//347) and thhe fact that adequateasppatial coveraage remaineed on the sttreamnetworks suurrounding these featuures. Advicce on thiss was receeived from theEnvironmentaEal Monitoringg Committeee establishedd under Permmit 107517. SafeSaccess: A total of 233 sites from 13 reaches were removved from the Year 2 sammplingplan followingg an assessmment that ideentified site access to bee high risk. DiversionsDbyy Teck operaations: Two sites on sepparate reachhes were remmoved as theey noloonger existedd as a resultt of water coourse diversi ons.Sites added (N 42) Thirty-threeTsitesswere added for sitee and reachh level variability assesssments (seee alsoSectionS2.4). TwoTnew sitees were locatted on a streeam unidenttified in previous programms. SixS sites werre added too cover the proposed fuuture Greennhills Operations Cougaar PitExtension.E OneOsite ideentified in previous programs, but unable to be sampledd due to loogisticlimmitations.A compleete list of sites sampledd by programm year is p rovided in (AAppendix 1). Maps of rreachlocationss are provideed in Appenddix 4.2 Meethods2.1 Fieeld surveeysField meethods followwed Year 2 procedures (Robinson aand MacDonnald 2015). In summaryy, thesurveys began with a visual asssessment off the streammbed by wadding throughh the streamm andphysically inspectingg individual rocksrfor calccite over a mminimum strream length of 100 m. WWherecalcite waswobserveed, a modified Wolmann pebble coount (Wolmaan 1954) was conducteed tometer of 100quantify the level of concretion, calcite pressence/absennce, and diam0 rocks. Thee firsttwo paraameters are used to quaantify the deegree of ca lcite presennt, also referrred to as ccalcite4

Teeck Coal Lttd – Elk Vaalley2015 Callcite Monittoring Proggramindex (CCl). Estimatees of canopyy cover, ripparian vegettation type, and periphyyton/algae ccoverwere commpleted at all sites. Site specific dettails for all siites were deelineated on a map, incluudingphoto loccations and notable features. Channnel morpho logy measurements weere only colleectedat new siites that werre not previoously surveyeed (Robinsoon 2013).Sites addded to the YearY3 sammple plan for variability assessmennts were useed to specifficallyassess variabilityvin CI. This component waswadded based on aadvice from the PE 1007517Environmmental Monittoring Commmittee. As suuch, those ssites did nott have particcle diameter andhabitat tyype data colllected. Site datadincludinng sampling location aree provided inn Appendix 22.2.2 20015 Calcitte Index anda geneeral distriibutionThe CI wasw calculateed at the sitte level by summingsthee following twwo metrics: calcite pressenceand calccite concretion (Table 1).1 Results were summmarized for four streamm categoriess: (1)Fording and Elk mainstemsm(reference),((2) tributa ries (refereence), (3) FFording andd Elkmainstemms (exposedd), and (4) triibutaries (exxposed). Summmary of CII for 2015 arre provided inAppendixx 3.The samme CI rangess or “bins” useduin Yeaar 1 and 2 wwere again uused in Yeaar 3 to report thedistributioon of CI by stream lenggth. Six bins of 0.5 CI in tervals weree used to divvide the rannge ofCI scoress from 0.00 – 3.00 (representing loww to high cal cite levels). Stream reacch mean CI weremapped to depict thhe spatial distributiondofo calcite reelative to eaach of the mmines. Mapss areprovided in Appendixx 4.Table 1. Equations for Calcite presence (CCIp) and Ca lcite concreetion (CIc).MetricCalcitee presenceEquattionCalcitee concretionCalcitee index2.3 Raate of chaange in calcitecdepposition2.3.1 Regresssion analyysisChange in calcite deeposition hass been assessed using rregression aas an interimm measure uuntil alonger teerm data set can be acquired. Regreession analyysis was appplied on all rreaches sammpledin Year 1,1 2, and 3. TheT regresssion analysiss evaluated tthe relationsship of CI veersus time (yyear).Significance was sellected to bee conservativve with an aalpha value of α 0.10 when assessingslope ( CI/year). Reeaches with statistically significant increases wwere mapped using red font,those witth statistically significant decreasess were colouur coded on the maps inn green fontt, andneutral sites remaineed in the tradditional bluee font (Appenndix 4). Reaaches that wwe not samplled inall three years were mapped in blackbfont. RegressionRreesults are prrovided in Apppendix 5.5

Teeck Coal Lttd – Elk Vaalley2015 Callcite Monittoring Proggram2.3.22 ANOVATrend annalysis typiccally requirees long termm data sets beyond thrree years. TTherefore, rreachmean CI from 2013-22015 was also assess using ANOVAA, with year as the indeppendent variable.ANOVA analysisawass used to ideentify if yearr had a signifficant effect on reach mean CI by teestingngs, relativefor signifficant differeences amonng any yeaar-year pairine to within--reach variaability.Tukey’s post hoc annalysis was run where year was reeported to bbe significannt. This idenntifiedypaairs that hadd significantlyy different reeach mean CI values. AAn alpha vallue ofspecific year-yearα 0.05 was used inn this assesssment. Bar graphsgshowwing reach mmean CI by yyear are provvidedin Appenndix 6.2.4 Prrogram asssessmeentThe 20113-2015 Caalcite Monitooring Program proposeed monitoriing for threee years bbeforereassesssing (Robinsson et. al 20013); with 20015 markingg the third yeear. As suchh, analyses havebeen completed to assess the current undderstanding of calcite ddeposition/vvariability, annd toindicate how specific Program componentss are functiooning in terrms of accurately descrribingcalcite deeposition downstream off mining actiivities.2.4.1 Site-leveel variabilityTen sitess were samppled in tripliccate to asseess within sitte CI variabiility and the reproducibility ofthe pebbble count meethod. Tripliccate samplinng allowed ccomparison oof results froom selectionn of 3different sets of pebbbles in the same site whhich supporteed analysis of how conssistent resultts arewithin a site.sReachees were seleected for replicate sampl ing if they wwere long enough for sixx sites(to ensurre sites did notn overlap spatially) annd representted a range of CI scores. Reaches wereselected based on historicalhCII values to evenlyesampple each of the low (CI 0-1), moderate(CI 1-2),, and high (CI 2-3) caategories baased on hisstorical CI vvalues. Withhin-site stanndarddeviationns were plottted as a funnction of meaan CI. Data were qualittatively asseessed to desscribethe rangee of variability versus CI,C the overaall variabilityy at a site-leevel, and hoow this relatted tovariabilityy at a reachh-level. Thee results of the triplicatte sampling were assessed in ordder tocomment on the reprroducibility ofo the pebblee count methhod in descrribing CI at a given site.2.4.22 Reach-leevel variabilityReplicatee sampling wasw completted to assesss variabilityy with a streeam reach. TThis was doone tounderstand the numbber of sites required to detectda signnificant channge in CI beetween yearss andinform future samplinng program design.dA subsammple of ninee reaches weere sampledd with six sitees to assesss within-reacch variabilityy. Thesix sites included thee typical 25, 50, and 75% locations as describeed in the Proogram (Robinsonet al. 20013). The Program wass designed such that rreach mean CI would bbe calculateed byaveraging CI values from three sitessper reaach, systemaatically distrributed at 255, 50, and 755% ofthe reach length. Thhree additional sites weere randoml y selected ffrom the miidpoints betwween12.5, 37.5, 62.5, annd 87.5% ofo these ninne reaches. Means andd standard deviations werederived fromfthree (NN 3) and sixx (N 6) sitess, and compaared using a two-tailed ppaired t-test.All reachhes sampledd at three sittes in three consecutivee years (20113 – 2015) wwere analyzzed inorder to characterizee the within-reach sampling variabbility. First, tthe relationsship between themean reaach CI and meanmreach standard deeviation wass estimated using a polyynomial equaation.Separatee equations werewused forf each individual year, as well as aan equation derived fromm the6

Teeck Coal Lttd – Elk Vaalley2015 Callcite Monittoring Proggramentire daataset. Usingg the polynoomial fit fromm the entiree dataset, sstandard devviations (σ) wereestimatedd using a reaach-averageed CI for a specified nummber of samples (N), whhere,d 16σ2/(N 1)(1)and d iss the detectiion limit (i.ee., minimum difference in CI valuees per year with a specifiedates were mnumber ofo samples taken,tassumming a desired power off 0.8). Estimamade for N 2, 3,6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 20.In order tot test the vaalidity of Equuation 1, ninne reaches wwere sampleed at both N 3 and N 6 in2015. Staandard deviations from these reachhes were inpput into Equaation 1 to caalculate obseerveddetectionn limits. Obsserved detecction limits werewthen ccompared wwith modelledd detection limitsobtained from standdard deviatioons derivedd from the 33-year pooleed polynommial fit. Obseervedmdeteection limits were compaared using liinear regresssion.versus modelledFinally, EquationE1 wasw re-arrannged to solvee for the nu mber of sammples that wwould be reqquiredto achievve select callcite index detectiondlevels (d 0.255, 0.50, 1.0)) using polynnomial-estimmatedstandard deviations overoa rangee of site-averaged calcitee index.2.4.33 Pebble countcsammple size assessmeaentRandom subsamplinng was comppleted to assess the efffect of sampple size on CCI at a site level.The objeective was too determinee how manyy rocks one would needd to sample to achieve a CIcomparable ( /- 20%%) to that obbtained with 100 rocks. Reaches weere iterativelly subsampled toacquire samplessfrom N 10 to 99, using scriptsdevelooped in R sstatistical software. For eachiteration, CIp, CIc, and CI were caalculated ass described aabove (Tablee 1). The abbsolute differrencefor all thrree metrics was calculaated as the differencedbbetween the random sammple and thhe fullsample (100(rocks). The absoluute differencee of each reeach was then averagedd over the wwholedataset tot find the avverage absoolute percent difference for a given number of rrocks sampled. Aerage chanloess smmoothing cuurve was overlain to findfthe avenge in absoolute percenntagedifference over the raange of sammples.7

Teeck Coal Lttd – Elk Vaalley2015 Callcite Monittoring Proggram3 Results3.1 Suummary ofo QA/QCC IssuesQuality assurance was comppleted in thhe field byy having fiield crews perform ccalcitemeasurements at muultiple sites over the twoo days as a group. The exercise is used to caliibrateobserverrs and standdardize colleection methoods. CI field forms weree all revieweed and signeed bythe crew leaders at the end of eacheday. Data were revviewed for ccompletenesss and for loogicalvalues enntered.cwere performed in the officee following daata entry. AAll 400 spreaadsheet cellss of aQuality checkspebble count were checked for everyetenth sites (i.e., 10%% QA/QC). The error raate was 1%% andbelow thee predetermined criteria of 5%.A final daata quality assurance step was perfformed usingg automatedd methods. A computer sscriptusing Pyython was wrritten to check that cellss were popullated with vaalues acceptable for thee typeof data beingbreporteed and that data entry met certain logical arguuments. Datta were revieewedfor: CalciteCpreseence score canc only be 0 or 1 If diammeter C, thhen concretion must 2 andpresence must 1 ConcretedCsccores can onnly be 0, 1, oro 2 DiameterDneeeds to be a positivepvalue (greater thhan 0), F, B, or C. ConcretedCsccore must bee 0 if calcite presence is 0. Iff diameter C, then concretion mustt 2 and preesence musst 13.2 20015 Calcitte Index anda geneeral distriibutione conducted from Septeember 23 to November 66, 2015. A tootal of 374 kkm ofCalcite surveys werestream werewassesssed and mapped.mA total of 2995 km weree considereed exposed anddownstreeam of mininng activities. A total of 797 km were considered reference (TTable 2). Reesultsare preseented as eitther mainsteem Fording RiverRand EElk River secctions versus tributariess, andreferencee versus expposed.8

Teeck Coal Lttd – Elk Vaalley2015 Callcite Monittoring ProggramTable 2. Stream calcite distribuution (km) estimatesefoor the four sstream cateegories, by CIranges forf 2015.CI RangeRReferenceeFording annd ElkTributarieskm%kmk%ExpoosedFordinng and ElkTributarries%km%km0.000 - 0.500.51 - 1.001.01 - 1.501.51 - 2.002.01 - .1%0.0%116.16.24.03.86.582.0%4.4%2.8%2.7%4.6%2.51 - 100.0%100.0%Total (2015)Total (2014)Total (2013)Calcite distributiondin Year 3 foollowed prevvious resultts with the majority of exposed sttreamgure 2). Thekilometerrs in the 0.000-0.50 CI binb for all caategories (Fige Fording and Elk mainnstemstream categories haad 85% of exxposed streaam length occcur in the 00.00-0.50 CII bin. The ammountof streamm in the 0.51 – 1.00 CI binb increasedd from approoximately 2%% in 2014 too 11.7 % in 22015.Comparaably, 82% off tributary strream kilomeeters occurreed in the 0.000-0.50 CI bin, while all otherbins werre represented by lesss than 5% of the tota l tributary sstream lenggth surveyedd. Allreferencee mainstem and tributary stream kilometers wwere classifieed into the 00.00-0.50 CCI bin,similar too previous yeears (Figure 3).Percent distribution (%)Exposeed %02013 Fording and Elk2014 Fording and Elk2015 Fording and Elk2013 tributaries2014 tributaries2015 tributariesCI binnso exposed stream kiloometers ammong CI binss by streammFigure 2. Percent distribution ofy and year (each(year sumsto 100%% for the sttream categgory).category9

Teeck Coal Lttd – Elk Vaalley2015 Callcite Monittoring ProggramPercent distribution (%)ReferenRnce %02013 Fording andd Elk2014 Fording andd Elk2015 Fording andd Elk2013 tributaries2014 tributaries2015 tributariesCI binnsFigure 3. Percent distribution ofo referencee stream killometers ammong CI binns by streammcategoryy and year (each(year sumsto 100%% for the sttream categgory).3.3 Raate of chaange in calcitecdepposition3.3.1 RegresssionOf the 1224 stream reeaches sampled in 20155, 119 were sampled in all three yeears (2013-22015).ear. All of thOf the 119, 51 reachhes had connstant valuees in each yehese had eiither CI 0 or 3.These siites were exxcluded fromm the regresssion analyssis and weree assigned a neutral raate ofchange.

List o Figure 1. Figure 2. and year Figure 3. and year Figure 4. Figure 5 95% con Figure 6. selected Figure 7 shading Figure 8. the entire shaded a of Cont duction . Study area 2015 Monito hods . Field survey 2015 Calcite Rate of cha 1 Regres 2 ANOVA Program as 1 Site-lev 2 Reach-3 Pebble ults . Summary o 2015 Calcite Rate of cha 1 .

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SPE Technical Report Getting to Zero and Beyond: The Path Forward 2 SPE-182847-TR), and it also builds on the published technical report The Human Factor: Process Safety and Culture (SPE Technical Reports Committee 2014, SPE-170575-TR). Additionally, this report serves as a catalyst to jump start SPE's recently approved safety and environment

Mark Scheme 128 Unit 2 Paper 02 129 Mark Scheme 144 CAPE Food and Nutrition Subject Reports 2004 Subject Report 2005 Subject Report 2006 Subject Report 2007 Subject Report 2008 Subject Report (Trinidad and Tobago) 2008 Subject Report (Rest of the Caribbean) 2009 Subject Report 2010 Subject Report 2011 Subject Report 2012 Subject Report 2013 .