Penalty Sartre/ Camus And The Death Albert Camus And Jean

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Albert Camus and Jean-PaulSartre/ Camus and the DeathPenaltySantos Reyes, Khiem Huynh, David Hildebrand, Julian Stanley

Overview BackgroundJean- Paul SartreCamus and Sartre’s RelationshipCamus’ Thoughts on Death PenaltyReflections of the GuillotineVideoDiscussion Questions

Background (leading up to Camus meetingSartre) 1940- Left algeria because he was a national security threat due to hiswritings being published (went against the war)Camus went into exile with his return to Paris, where he was editor ofnewspaper calling for strong moral actionsDuring this time, Camus met Sartre at a dress rehearsal of Sartre’s playCamus went into politics after seeing the Algerian poor; Sartre gotinvolved in politics after seeing WW2 prison campsLiberation of France made the 2 men the country’s new intellectual heraldsthat led the belief existentialist

Jean- Paul Sartre(biography/known for) French philosopher, playwright, novelist, political activistHad philosophical view of atheism “loss of God is not mourn”Believed in existentialismOnce man realizes freedom, man has to make this meaning himselfBest work was “The Flies”

Camus and Sartre: The Beginnings Met in June of 1943 during Sartre’s play The FliesMet simply by saying “I’m Camus”Sartre “found him a most likeable personality”Camus and Sartre bonded because they were both readers for the samepublisherSartre offered Camus the lead role in his upcoming play [No Exit], and thefriendship was cemented.

Similarities Between Camus and Sartre Both lost their fathers as children and were raised by struggling mothersBoth went to university to study philosophyBoth believed in existentialism and portrayed the idea through their novelsBoth were activists through journalism

Camus and Sartre’s Portrayal of Existentialism Camus portrays existentialism in The Stranger through Meursault’s choiceto please the spectators at his execution in the end. It was the one time hegave himself a purpose.Sartre portrays existentialism in Nausea through Roquentin’s questioningof his existence and his journey to find his purpose.

Influences of Sartre on Camus’ Writings Camus praised Sartre for his novel, Nausea, because of the way heportrayed the absurdity of life. “I am alone in the midst of these happy, reasonable voices. All these creatures spend their timeexplaining, realizing happily that they agree with each other. In Heaven's name, why is it so important tothink the same things all together ” (Nausea).“I want to leave, to go somewhere where I should be really in my place, where I would fit in . . . but myplace is nowhere; I am unwanted” (Nausea). He admired Sartre’s honesty about the existence of man.He hailed Sartre’s lucidity and his depiction of characters whose freedomwas useless to themCamus started to pick up his style of writing.

Tensions Between Camus and Sartre At first, Camus and Sartre were united by common experience in the Resistance,to promote social change- Wanted Algerians to have rights as French citizens Shared belief that universe is apart from reason; unlike Sartre Camus did see life as valuable, worthdefendingTension came from different beliefs towards Communism Sartre supported Stalin and Marxism (along with the terror that came with it) Camus did not like the violence of the Soviet Regime, didn’t like the “ends justify the means”mentality of the communist revolutionariesThe company of women also split the men Sartre was jealous of Camus’s good looks.Camus was a loner, while Sartre was in the company Parisian intellectuals

How the Relationship Ended While at first it was easy to observe the two being friends, it becomesobvious that Camus and Sartre were almost destined to be rivals.They had both been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, and bothphilosophers.Both Camus and Sartre preferred the company of women over men, andSartre’s lifelong friend and companion had once shown interest in CamusCamus had seemingly triumphed over Sartre with his extremely popularwork, The Plague, which sold thousands of copies followed by The Rebel.After his rejection of Camus’s essay, Sartre wrote a letter to Camus thatultimately dismissed their friendship.

Relationship End (Continued) When Camus won his Nobel Prize for literature, he was questioned about hisrelationship with SartrePreviously, Camus had felt ripped apart by his friend’s critique of his book, howeverhe responded differently.“The relationship is outstanding, monsieur, because the best relationships are thosein which we do not see one another.”Showing his resentment of Sartre once again, Camus said, “A writer could not evadethe tragedies of his time.”Ultimately when Camus had died, Sartre felt remorse, which he showed through histribute for Camus. “For all those who loved him, there is an unbearable absurdity inthat death.”

Philosophical Differences Jean Paul Sartre focused mainly on ExistentialismExistentialism: A philosophical theory that focuses on a person determiningeverything for themselves by their own free willAlbert Camus was an Existentialist as well, though many argue that he is anabsurdist instead.Absurdism: the belief that the efforts of humanity to find meaning to life will alwaysand absolutely failAccording to purely their respective philosophies, Sartre and Camus appearextremely similar; however Camus appears as Absurdist while Sartre is purely anExistentialist.

Death Penalty: Camus’ Father Father, Lucien Camus, personally viewed a public execution while inAlgiers“I remembered a story Mother used to tell me about my father. I never seteyes on him.One of these was that he’d gone to see a murdererexecuted”(110).At first he fully supported the death penalty because of his hatred formurderers of childrenAfter the execution, Lucien was in a state of shock, disgust“He had just discovered the reality concealed beneath the great formulasthat ordinarily serve to mask it. Instead of thinking of the murderedchildren, he could recall only the trembling body he had seen thrown on aboard to have its head chopped off” (Reflections on the Guillotine).

Camus Thoughts on Death Penalty Hated the death penaltyDeath by the guillotine was a common public attraction in Algiers, Algeriain the mid 1950sHumanitarian view, diligentThe death penalty is just another irrational aspect of the worldAimed at the poorAffiliated with religion makes the penalty even more repulsive

Reflections on the Guillotine Extended essay by Camus written in 1957 Argues for the abolition of the death penalty Camus' main point in his argument against capital punishment is itsineffectiveness. Camus points out that in countries where the death penaltyhas already been abandoned crime has not risen. “He needs, most of all, a reasonable society, not the anarchy into which hisown pride and the State's inordinate powers have plunged him It is myconviction that the abolition of the death penalty will help us advance towardthat society.” “In short, capital punishment cannot intimidate the man who throws himselfupon crime as one throws oneself into misery.”

The Death Penalty in The Stranger Death penalty is explicitly shown in The StrangerDeath by the guillotine is just another irrationality of society to MeursaultThe sentence of death is a common fate in an absurd world“I just couldn't accept such arrogant certainty. The fact that the verdict was read out at eight P.M. rather than at five, the fact that it might have been quite different, that it was given by menwho change their underclothes, and was credited to so vague an entity as the “French people”—for that matter, why not to the Chinese or the German people?- all of it seemed to detract it fromthe seriousness of the decision” (109).However, it is the death penalty that allows for Meursault to become aware of hisconsciousness and transition into a fully authentic human.

Continued. Certainty of death by using the guillotine(vs hanging, poison)Hope is a torture toolHas no choice but to look forward towards his execution“. I had only to wish that there be a large crowd of spectators the day ofmy execution and that they greet me with the cries of hate” (123).Supports the fact that Meursault has abandoned the idea of hope, can onlyawait his death

Videoshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v sQN76Vv-nVwStart at 1:38:00https://www.youtube.com/watch?v iW74PnBIGoEnd at 1:57

Discussion Questions1.How can the thoughts/punishments of Sisyphus be compared toMeursault's death penalty and thoughts?

Question #1 Answer “One must imagine Sisyphus happy” (99).“I felt that I had been happy and that I was happy again” (123).Sisyphus and Meursault both find happiness in their punishments; theirpunishments allow them to escape the meaningless and irrationalities oflife.Continuously pushing the rock up the hill allows for Sisyphus to distracthim from the absurdities of the world.As for Meursault, death is the clear answer to end his torture in theinauthentic society.

Discussion Questions2. How would Camus’s style of writing be different if he had never met Sartre?(Think of the influences Sartre had on Camus)

Question #2 Answer Camus wrote about the absurdity of life because Sartre did.“And my lawyer, rolling up one of his sleeves, said with finality, "Here wehave a perfect reflection of this entire trial: everything is true and nothing istrue!” (91).Since Camus went to university to study philosophy, he most likely would’ve still wrote about it, but he might’ve had different philosophical views onthe world.Sartre helped him realize the cruelty of the world and the unimportance oflife

3. How does Camus put himself into the story(regarding the death penalty andrelationships)? Cite specific examples from the text.

Question #3 Answer Camus was an existentialist and therefore viewed life indifferentlyMeursault, with no doubt, represents everything that Camus represents“A minute later she asked me if I loved her. I told her it didn’t mean anythingbut that I didn’t think so. (Part 1) Even close ones to Meursault do not mean much to him. This quote portrays the indifference in which Meursault lives life. Helive life very realistically in that he sees that death in life is evitable. Alsohuman existence is meaningless.

4. Where can you see some of Sartre’s influence directly in The Stranger?

Question #4 Answer Camus viewed Sartre as a friend, and then later as a competitiveadversary. This can be seen when Meursault views the world as his rival,wishing many would witness his demise.“For everything to be consummated, for me to feel less alone, I had only towish that there be a large crowd of spectators the day of my execution andthat they greet me with cries of hate” (123).

Works Cited /Misc/Chicago/027961.html

Sartre portrays existentialism in Nausea through Roquentin’s questioning of his existence and his journey to find his purpose. Influences of Sartre on Camus’ Writings Camus praised Sartre for his novel, Nausea, because of the way he portrayed the absurdity of life.

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