Innovative Trumpeter: 1925–1929 - Smithsonian Institution
32:092:252:35Coda: 2:523:00Opening cornet cadenza by Armstrong, 8 barsVerse: Armstrong’s cornet solos over band in swinging New Orleans styleRepeat of verseChorus: cornet break; cascades up and downSeven stop-time patterns by bandCornet takes two high breaks at end of phrasePhrase ends with cornet vibrato (shake)Piano soloPiano improvises with rapidly alternating block chordsCornet solo: departs from theme; displays wide range; stop-time breaksCornet repeats solo with variations; stop-time breaksCornet solo: returns to theme; breakCornet continues: seven stop-time passages with breaksTwo cornet breaksCornet plays rising pattern: two breaks with stop-timeCornet ends with descending cascade of notesSmithsonian Institution Louis Armstrong Education Kit43
EXAMPLE 4CORNET CHOP SUEYINTRODUCTIONVERSESECOND THEME (CHORUS)C O D A ( C O N C L U D I N G PA S S A G E )SUGGESTED ACTIVITIESNote: The title “Cornet Chop Suey” reflects Armstrong’s love of Chinese food. The piece becamefamous as a test for trumpeters—aspiring players would memorize Armstrong’s solos note-fornote.1. Play the introduction and themes on piano (Example 4, above) and have class sing them onneutral syllables; listen to recording again, and have students raise their hands when they hearthe themes. The introduction is typical of the style that made Armstrong famous. If there is atrumpeter in the class, challenge him or her to play the introduction and themes on theirinstrument.2. “Cornet Chop Suey” has many extended stop-time and break passages. Have students raisetheir hands when they recognize them and count how many they hear in this composition.44Smithsonian Institution Louis Armstrong Education Kit
4. Guided Listening Lesson“Struttin’ with Some Barbecue” by Louis Armstrong (Time: 2:59)Intro 12:11A22:162:33A32:35Coda 2:46EXAMPLE 5Trumpet plays improvised IntroductionTrumpet solo: melodyMelody repeatedBanjo breakClarinet solo with piano accompanimentClarinet breakTrombone solo with piano accompanimentTrombone breakTrumpet solo in high register with piano accompanimentTrumpet with *cascading tripletsTrumpet glissando with accents on and off the beatBand plays stop-time breakTrumpet solo returns to melody; band improvising accompanimentBanjo breakTrumpet solo with melodyBand in stop-time ending16 bars16 bars16 bars2 bars16 bars16 bars30 bars16 bars8 barsSTRUTTIN’ WITH SOME BARBECUE (CONCERT KEY)INTRODUCTIONTHEME ASUGGESTED ACTIVITIESNote: The title “Struttin’ with Some Barbecue” refers to the delicious sandwiches Armstrong boughtfrom a restaurant not far from the Savoy Ballroom in Chicago. By this time, he had switchedpermanently from playing cornet to trumpet.1. Play the introduction and theme (Example 5, above) on piano. Have students raise their handswhen they hear them on the recording and count number of times the theme is played.2. Have students count number of breaks and stop-time passages they hear. Armstong’s breakscontain lightning-fast triplets—listen for them.3. Give research assignments to collect information about the Hot Five musicians:Kid Ory, trombone; Johnny Dodds, clarinet; Johnny St. Cyr, banjo; and Lil Hardin, piano.Assign continuing research into Armstrong’s life and music.Smithsonian Institution Louis Armstrong Education Kit45
5. Guided Listening Lesson“Hotter Than That” by Lillian Hardin and Louis Armstrong (Time: 2:59)Intro 0:00A0:100:25EXAMPLE rumpet improvisationTrumpet solo with guitar accompanimentTrumpet breakSolo continuesClarinet solo by Johnny Dodds begins with 2-bar break;Solo continues for 14 bars with piano accompanimentVocal scat solo by Armstrong with guitar accompanimentTwo-bar break starts new scat patternVocal and guitar duet with Lonnie Johnson in call-and-response pattern;slower tempo.Piano interlude by Lil Hardin ArmstrongTrombone solo by Kid OryTrumpet solo break has short, high C’s leading into stop-time patterns!Trumpet and guitar in call-and-response8 bars14 bars2 bars14 bars16 bars14 bars14 bars4 bars14 bars6 barsH O T T E R T H A N T H AT(CONCERT KEY)EXAMPLE 7SOLO BREAKSUGGESTED ACTIVITIESNote: Armstrong said he wrote “Hotter Than That” while sitting on the back steps of Lil Armstrong’shome in Chicago.1. Play the beginning trumpet solo on piano (Example 6, above). These bars are very typical ofArmstrong’s style and are still often copied note for note by trumpeters into whatever they areplaying when they need an exciting passage. Have students raise their hands when they hearthis in the recording.2. Play the solo break (Example 7, above). This difficult passage is seldom copied, but universally admired. Have students raise their hands when they hear this break; count the number ofhigh C’s Armstrong plays!46Smithsonian Institution Louis Armstrong Education Kit
6. Guided Listening Lesson“West End Blues” by Joe “King” Oliver (Time: 3:05)Intro a 2:553:05EXAMPLE 8Armstrong with the most famous solo trumpet cadenza in music historyOne chord played by bandTrumpet plays melody; clarinet and trombone accompanimentTrumpet ascends; ending strain with a high noteTrombone solo; clarinet and “clap”-sounding drum accompanimentMelody returns with duet by Armstrong and clarinet; Armstrong scat singsPiano solo by Earl HinesPiano plays octave patterns; Hines’s famous “trumpet” style of playingTrumpet solo: Armstrong holds note for sixteen beats!Trumpet double-times in high registerPiano begins endingArmstrong plays six slowly descending notes to end with ensemble.Cymbals play final “clap” sound at end!WEST END BLUES(CONCERT KEY)EXAMPLE 9SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES1. Have students listen carefully for the following important features of Armstrong’s playing: thesuperb selection of notes and marvelous tone and his sense of swing and the shape and contour of his melodic lines. The way he played trumpet and cornet caused musicians to composeseriously for those instruments. Armstrong’s cadenza at the beginning of “West End Blues” wasa startling innovation—a type of jazz improvisation that had never been heard before.2. Play introductory cadenza for the class and let them hear it again. (Example 8, above).Discuss the elements of music in the cadenza: rhythm, melody, tone color, and texture. Onlyharmony is missing; how do we know this?3. Review the elements of music with students: melody, rhythm, harmony, tone color, and texture.4. Play the three notes that begin the melody in Sections A and A2. Discuss how Armstrong andthe Hot Five develop each section and the differences in each. (Example 9, above) .5. As they listen to the recording again, have students list most dominant element in each of thesections: introduction, A, B, C, and the coda. What feature is obvious in each section? Answer:rhythm, the most instantly recognizable element in any and all music.6. Let students use their hands, pencils, or small drums to keep the beat as the recording is played.7. Earl Hines is considered the first true jazz pianist. Play several of the earlier recordings andcontrast his piano-playing style with that of Lil Hardin Armstrong.8. Assign research into the life and music of Earl Hines.9. Discuss with the class the differences between the sounds of King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band andLouis Armstrong’s Hot Five; play examples of both again. They will discover that the elementof texture is one of the differences, in addition to the solo passages and use of the break.Smithsonian Institution Louis Armstrong Education Kit47
A1 0:44 Clarinet solo by Johnny Dodds begins with 2-bar break; Solo continues for 14 bars with piano accompaniment 16 bars B 1:19 Vocal scat solo by Armstrong with guitar accompaniment 14 bars B1 1:37 Two-bar break starts new scat pattern 14 bars B2 1:55 Vocal and guitar duet with Lonnie Johnson in
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swan to near extinction. The last known breeding trumpeter swans vanished from Wisconsin in the late 1800s. Bringing the trumpeter swan back again A growing interest in preserving the trumpeter swan has led to full-scale efforts to restore this species to native habitats in the Midwest.
The North American Trumpeter Swan Survey (NATSS) is a cooperative, range-wide survey to monitor the status of trumpeter swans (Cygnus buccinator) in North America. It was first conducted in 1968 and has been repeated at five-year intervals since 1975. The NATSS is
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celebratory concerts in Kodak Hall at Eastman Theatre on March 20 and 21. The concerts also featured the talents of legendary trumpeter and bandleader Doc Severinsen of The Tonight Show Band, as well as trumpeter Allen Vizzutti and tromb
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graduation, positioning them for college and careers. The grade level ELA standards begin in the Prekindergarten and Elementary ELA Standards section. Please see the introduction for more about how the anchor standards and grade level standards connect. New York State Education Department ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS LEARNING STANDARDS (2017) 4 NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Reading Anchor .
