Study Of Total Productive Maintenance & Its Implementing .

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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue5- May 2013Study of Total Productive Maintenance & ItsImplementing Approach in Spinning IndustriesSarang G. Katkamwar1, Sadashiv K. Wadatkar2, Ravikant V. Paropate31&23Final Year, B. E., Dept. of Mechanical Engg., Jawaharlal Darda Institute of Engineering andTechnology, Yavatmal (M.S.), IndiaAsst. Prof., Dept. of Mechanical Engg., Jawaharlal Darda Institute of Engineering and Technology,Yavatmal (M.S.), IndiaAbstract:-This paper presents the study and overview for theimplementing approach of Total Productive Maintenance inIndian spinning industries. The study is carried out in mediumscale cotton spinning industry using the observations coupledwith documents collection. The TPM implementationmethodology is suggested for improvement in the availability,performance efficiency and the quality rate, results inimprovement of the overall equipment effectiveness of theequipment. The aim of this paper is to suggest and study theimplementation of the TPM program in the spinning industry.Using a See through, JH-Check sheet, PM-Check sheet, OnePoint Lessons, empirical and comprehensive approach towardthe methodology results proper implementation of TPM. Afterimplementation of TPM on model machine, both direct andindirect benefits are shown to be obtained for equipment andemployees respectively.I.INTRODUCTIONThe concept of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM)has been introduced and developed by Japanese in 1971. Thiscame in response to the maintenance and support problems incommercial factory. It is team-based preventive andproductive maintenance and involves every level, from topexecutive to the floor operator. TPM has been proven to besuccessful for helping to increase the productivity and overallequipment effectiveness. TPM can be defined as a programfor fundamental improvement of the maintenance functions inan organization, which involves its entire human resources.TPM philosophy requires the development of a preventativemaintenance program for the life-cycle of the equipment andthe involvement of operators in maintaining the equipment inorder to maximize its overall efficiency and effectiveness.TPM is all about Total Plant Maintenance. Theunderlying concept is, if you properly maintain plantmachinery there will see a sharp decline in machinebreakdowns, safety and quality problems. There is emergingneed for TPM implementation in the Indian Industry and needto develop TPM implementation practice and procedures.ISSN: 2231-5381Under TPM, machine operators carry out routine maintenancesuch as checking water, oil, coolant, and air levels. This mayinvolve some training of machine operators. Through operatortraining to do simple maintenance on machines will promoteownership and more attention to detail. The actualmaintenance teams should as a result of spending less timedoing routine maintenance is in a position to concentrate onmore urgent machine breakdowns.II.THEORETICAL OVERVIEWIn this topic, the overall structure of TPM isdiscussed with its practical approach. All thetechniques which are responsible for the efficientand effective operation of machines are discussedbelow.A. Steps of TPM implementationSTAGE 1 - PREPARATORY STAGESTEP 1 - Announcement by Management to all aboutTPM introduction in the organization.STEP 2 - Initial education and propaganda for TPM.STEP 3 - Setting up TPM and departmental committees.STEP 4 - Establishing the TPM working system andtargetSTEP 5 - A master plan for institutionalizingSTAGE 2 - INTRODUCTION STAGEThis is a ceremony and we should invite all.Suppliers as they should know that we want quality supplyfrom them. Related companies and affiliated companies whohttp://www.ijettjournal.orgPage 1750

International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue5- May 2013can be our customers, sisters concerns etc. Some may learnfrom us and some can help us and customers will get thecommunication from us that we care for quality output.STAGE 3 – IMPLEMENTATIONIn this stage eight activities are carried which arecalled eight pillars in the development of TPM activity. Ofthese four activities are for establishing the system forproduction efficiency, one for initial control system of newproducts and equipment, one for improving the efficiency ofadministration and are for control of safety, sanitation asworking environment.STAGE 4 - INSTITUTIONALISING STAGEBy all their activities one would has reached maturitystage. Now is the time for applying for PM award. Also thinkof challenging level to which you can take this movement.B. PILLARS OF TPMPILLAR 1- 5STPM starts with 5S. Problems cannot be clearly seenwhen the work place is unorganized. Cleaning andorganizing the workplace helps the team to uncoverproblems. Making problems visible is the first step ofimprovement.1.TABLE I5SJapaneseTermEnglishTranslationEquivalent 'S' term3.PILLAR 3 - KAIZEN"Kai" means change, and "Zen" means good (for thebetter). Basically kaizen is for small improvements, butcarried out on a continual basis and involve all people in theorganization. The principle behind is that "a very largenumber of small improvements are more effective in anorganizational environment than a few improvements of largevalue. This pillar is aimed at reducing losses in the workplacethat affect our efficiencies. By using a detailed and thoroughprocedure we eliminate losses in a systematic method usingvarious Kaizen tools.Its target is to achieve and sustain zero loses withrespect to minor stops, measurement and adjustments, defectsand unavoidable downtimes. It also aims to achieve 30%manufacturing cost reduction.4.PILLAR 4 - Planned MaintenanceIt is aimed to have trouble free machines andequipments producing defect free products for total customersatisfaction. This breaks maintenance down into 4 "families"or groups which were defined earlier.1.Preventive Maintenance2.Breakdown Maintenance3.Corrective Maintenance4.Maintenance PreventionWith Planned Maintenance we evolve our effortsfrom a reactive to a proactive method and use trainedmaintenance staff to help train the operators to better maintaintheir tandardizeShitsukeDisciplineSelf – Discipline2.PILLAR 2 - JISHU HOZEN (Autonomousmaintenance)This pillar is geared towards developing operators tobe able to take care of small maintenance tasks, thus freeingup the skilled maintenance people to spend time on morevalue added activity and technical repairs. The operators areresponsible for upkeep of their equipment to prevent it fromdeteriorating.Policy:1.Uninterrupted operation of equipments.2.Flexible operators to operate and maintain otherequipments.3.Eliminating the defects at source through activeemployee participation.4.Stepwise implementation of JH activities.ISSN: 2231-5381PILLAR 5 - Quality MaintenanceIt is aimed towards customer delight through highestquality through defect free manufacturing. Focus is oneliminating non-conformances in a systematic manner, muchlike Focused Improvement. We gain understanding of whatparts of the equipment affect product quality and begin toeliminate current quality concerns, and then move to potentialquality concerns. Transition is from reactive to proactive(Quality Control to Quality Assurance).6.PILLAR 6 - TrainingIt is aimed to have multi-skilled revitalizedemployees whose morale is high and who has eager to cometo work and perform all required functions effectively andindependently. Education is given to operators to upgradetheir skill. It is not sufficient know only "Know-How" by theyshould also learn "Know-why". By experience they gain,"Know-How" to overcome a problem what to be done. Thisthey do without knowing the root cause of the problem andwhy they are doing so. Hence it become necessary to trainthem on knowing "Know-why". The employees should betrained to achieve the four phases of skill. The goal is to createa factory full of experts. The different phases of skills arePhase 1: Do not know.Phase 2: Know the theory but cannot do.Phase 3: Can do but cannot teachPhase 4: Can do and also teach.http://www.ijettjournal.orgPage 1751

International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue5- May 2013A.7.Pillar 2- . JISHU HOZEN (Autonomousmaintenance):What is JH? JH is the Japanese word for autonomousmaintenance. It means that we have to do our machinemaintenance; no PM man will come on the machine to do themaintenance. This pillar is geared towards developingoperators to be able to take care of small maintenance tasks,thus freeing up the skilled maintenance people to spend timeon more value added activity and technical repairs. Theoperators are responsible for upkeep of their equipment toprevent it from deteriorating.Its basic is that "I operate I maintain".PILLAR 7- Office TPM1.Figure1: - Office TPM StructureOffice TPM should be started after activating fourother pillars of TPM (JH, KK, QM, and PM). Office TPMmust be followed to improve productivity, efficiency in theadministrative functions and identify and eliminate losses.This includes analyzing processes and procedures towardsincreased office automation. Office TPM addresses twelvemajor losses.8.PILLAR 8 - Safety, Health and EnvironmentTarget1.Zero accident,2.Zero health damage3.Zero fires.In this area focus is on to create a safe workplace anda surrounding area that is not damaged by our process orprocedures. This pillar will play an active role in each of theother pillars on a regular basis.A committee is constituted for this pillar whichcomprises representative of officers as well as workers. Thecommittee is headed by senior vice President (Technical).Utmost importance to Safety is given in the plant. Manager(Safety) is looking after functions related to safety. To createawareness among employees various competitions like safetyslogans, Quiz, Drama, Posters, etc. related to safety can beorganized at regular intervals.III.REAL LIFE IMPLEMENTATION OF TPMThe actual implementation of TPM in spinningindustry is discussed in this topic. Where the variousdifficulties are solved by using different techniques likesee through, one point lessons, CLITA, KK, PM, Pokeyoke etc. In this paper only first thee pillar i.e. JISHUHOZEN (Autonomous maintenance), KAIZEN, andPlanned Maintenance are highlighted for theimplementation practice. A Carding Machine Study isconsidered for the describing all the aspect and changesare observed after implementation.ISSN: 2231-5381Abnormality sheetFor the selected Machine which are the variousabnormalities to cause machine failure are observed andenlisted so that the solution and reasons for the failure issearch out to run machine efficiently. While making the sheetwhich are the frequently observed problems likewise type ofnature is also noted, which will help the problem solving.2.CLITAIt means the symbolic representation for theoperation cleaning, inspection, retightening & lubrication, if itis done regularly with proper time interval then breakdownwill minimized. Initial stage to implement CLITA technique isto all the components must be label with serial number. Ithelps the operator to do the proper operation at the right timewithout missing, as the visualization is the one of the easiestway to convey massage, CLITA uses the pictorialrepresentation of the operation with the component number.Time interval is also represented over operation symbol. Allsymbols are stick on the blank place over a machine, also careshould be taken that operator must easily visualize the symbol.Following are some CLITA symbols given used in the generalpractice.Figure2: Examples of CLITA3.One Point Lesson (OPL)Sometimes we are so busy that we think we don'tmake time to develop the people around us. Instead wehttp://www.ijettjournal.orgPage 1752

International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue5- May 2013fight fires or give direct instructions. This might beeffective in the short-term but inevitably small problemsare missed. The greatest cost is being unable to teachothers how to solve and prevent the problems that we areencountering. A simple countermeasure to this is thefocused education and development method known as theone-point lesson (OPL). Originating as part of TPM, theone-point lesson is intended to develop the knowledgeand skills of the machine operators in AutonomousMaintenance. The basics of Autonomous Maintenance aredaily checking and lubricating of machines. Withincreased knowledge and familiarity of their equipmentthe machine operators can detect abnormalities and earlysigns of failure. This leads naturally to problem solvingskill development in collaboration with maintenance andengineering staff.Following is the OPL sheet in which the safety at time ofcleaning can changer is shown.Kaizen observation and measurement of the work process andof the results the Kaizen activity produces.Following is the Kaizen for the better performance andMoreavailabilityofCardingmachine.IV.IMPACT FACTOR FOR IMPLEMENTATION OFTPM1. Leadership qualities, management improvementparticipation.2. Organizational infrastructure.3. Culture of collaboration and co-operation.4. Linking TPM to business strategy & Linking TPM toQuality.5. Project prioritization and selection EmployeeTraining& Understanding of TPM methodology.6. Linking TPM to Customers & employees & to createempowerment and authority at all levels. .B. KOBETSU KAIZENKobetsu Kaizen aims to specifically eliminate breakdownand defect losses through thorough analysis of operatingconditions. Ideal conditions for equipment are researched andmaintenance and inspection standards are set. These idealconditions are maintained with great commitment in order toreduce and eliminate losses. Kaizen is the Japanese word forcontinuous improvement or striving for pefection. Kaizenstrives toward perfection by eliminating waste. It defines aproject that works through a problem-solving process.Methods of Kaizen- Kaizen eliminates waste byallowing workers to uncover improvement opportunities andeither suggest or make changes. In common usage, the termKaizen may refer to different kinds of improvement activities.In some cases term use to refer to a process that gatherssuggestions for improvements from employees. Others use theterm to refer to periodic meetings of employees whobrainstorm improvement ideas and immediately select andmake an improvement. Still others add to the activities ofISSN: 2231-5381V.DIRECT BENEFITS OF TPM1. Overall Equipment Efficiency is improved.2. Customer complaints reduced.3. Reduction in the manufacturing cost by 30%.4. Satisfying the customer’s needs by 100 % & reducedaccidents.VI.INDIRECT BENEFITS OF TPM1. Employees confidence level increases.2. A clean, neat and attractive work place.3. Favorable change in the attitude of the operators.CONCLUSIONTotalproductivemaintenance successfully gives the improvement in theavailability, performance efficiency and the quality rate,results in improvement of the overall equipment effectivenessof the equipment. TPM is the effective tool to increase theproductivity of Indian industries. We can compete with theother countries in this increased globalization. Spinninghttp://www.ijettjournal.orgVII.Page 1753

International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) - Volume4Issue5- May 2013industries can also have the benefit of TPM for theimprovement in all aspects. While implementing TPM wefound some barriers for effective implementation of TPM,such as Lack of Management Exposure, difficulty inunderstanding TPM methodology and philosophy by middlemanagement, long time taken for implementation so peopleshows strong resistant to it. But it is the only thing betweenthe success and failure for many companies as far as themaintenance is concern. TPM works on major 8 pillars whichare (JH, KK, PM, QM, E&T, OT, 5s and SHE). It works onmethodologies like CLITA, OPL, P-M Analysis for achievingits goal of success.[9] Quality Planning & Analysis for Enterprise Quality- Juran(Tata Mcgraw-Hill Ltd.).[10] Industrial Engineering-R. K. Jain.The aim of this paper isto spread awareness about TPM methodology in moderntechnocrats and industries in India. We are trying tounderstand the TPM concepts for the Indian scenario.Objective of this paper is to clear the concept of adoption ofTPM in spinning industries.References:[1] Hongyi Sun Richard Yam Ng Wai-Keung ,’Theimplementation and evaluation of Total ProductiveMaintenance (TPM)—an action case study in Hong Kongmanufacturing company’. International Journal Advance inmanufacturing Technology 22: 224-228 (2003).[2] I.P.S. Ahuja and J.S. Khamba ‘An evaluation of TPMimplementation initiatives in an Indian manufacturingenterprise.’ Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering13.4 338-352 (2007).[3] Jorge L.Perez-Lafont, B.S.I.E., ‘Installation of T.P.M.program in a Caribbean plant. International conference onComputers and Industrial Engineering’ 33.1.2 315-318.(1997) .[4] F.T.S. Chan, H.C.W. LAU, R.W.L. lp, H.K. Chan, S.Kong ‘Implementation of Total Productive maintenance : Acase study’ International journal of Production Economics 95.71-94. (2005)[5] F.-K. Wang, W. Lee ‘Learning curve analysis in totalproductive maintenance’ International Journal of ManagementScience 29 ,491–499, (2001)[6] Kathleen E. McKone a, Roger G. Schroeder b, Kristy O.Cuab ‘The impact of total productive maintenance practiceson manufacturing performance’ Journal of OperationsManagement ,19, 39–58, (2001).[7] M.C. Eti a, S.O.T. Ogaji b, S.D. Probert b.,‘Implementingtotal productive maintenance in Nigerian manufacturingindustries’ Applied Energy ,79, 385–401,( 2004).[8] Industrial Maintenance Management-Sushil Kumar,Shrivastava, (S Chand & Company Ltd.).ISSN: 2231-5381http://www.ijettjournal.orgPage 1754

The concept of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) has been introduced and developed by Japanese in 1971. This came in response to the maintenance and support problems in commercial factory. It is team-based preventive and productive maintenance and involves every level, from top executive to the floor operator. TPM has been proven to be

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