Course: Principles Of Agriculture, Food And Natural .

Course: Principles of Agriculture, Food and Natural ResourcesUnit Title: Breeds of SwineTEKS: 130.2(C)(12)(C)Instructor: Ms. HutchinsonObjectives:After completing this unit of instruction, students will be able to:A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H.I.J.K.Research breeds of swine;Define swine terminology;Write why the production of swine has increased;Identify some aspects of an “ideal” hog;Define what a market hog is raised for;Define what a breeding hog is raised for;List the characteristics of a maternal breed;List the characteristics of a terminal breed;Identify characteristics of the major swine breeds;Describe uses of the major swine breeds; andMatch characteristics with breed name.

Interest Approach:A. Research Breeds of Swine;a. Prior to teaching this lesson, have students research Swine Breed Registries toobtain information on breeds of hogs. In groups of 2-3 have each group researcha different breed; as class takes notes on each breed, each group will presentinformation obtained from breed registry.Curriculum & Instruction:CurriculumB. Define swine terminology;Terminology:- Sow – Mature female pig (has already farrowed a litter ofpiglets)- Gilt – Young female pig (has not farrowed a litter)- Boar – Male pig- Barrow – Male pig castrated at a young age- Feeder Pig – Newly weaned pig weighing approximately 40lbs- Prolific – being able to produce large numbers of offspringNumbers:In 2010:1. World – 965,885,381 head2. China – 476,237,000 head3. European Union (25 countries) – 152,562,132 head4. United States – 64,887,000 headIn 2011:- Iowa was number one in the US w/ 19 million- #2: North Carolina 8 million- #3: Minnesota 7 million- Texas was #14 w/ 810,000 headC. Write why the production of swine has increased;Per Capita Consumption- Define – Per Capita means per person- In 2010 – 48.0 lbs- Fairly constant, but human population has increased- Causing swine production to increase due to improvedbreeding, feeding, and management programsInstructionPPT Slide 4PPT Slide 5Which state is number one inthe U.S. for swine production?Where does Texas stand inswine production?PPT Slide 6Why has the production ofswine increased?

D. Identify some aspects of an “ideal” hog;Ideal Hog:- Structurally sound- Healthy- Thick muscled- Highly efficient- Large body capacityE. Define what a market hog is raised for;F. Define what a breeding hog is raised for;Market vs. Breeding Hogs- Market – raised for harvesting- Breeding – raised for replacementsG. List the characteristics of a maternal breed;H. List the characteristics of a terminal breed;Two Categories- Maternal Known for large litters Selected for replacement females- Terminal Known for growth & carcass quality Usually used for terminal crossesPPT Slide 7What are the 5 main things welook for in the “ideal” hog?PPT Slide 8What are market hogs raisedfor?What are breeding hogs raisedfor?PPT Slide 9What are the characteristics ofa maternal hog?What are the characteristics ofa terminal hog?

Maternal breeds- Chester White- Landrace- YorkshireI.J.PPT Slide 10Identify characteristics of the major swine breeds;Describe uses of the major swine breeds;Chester White:PPT Slide 11-12What are the physicalcharacteristics of a ChesterWhite?What are is a Chester Whitesow noted for?-Developed in Chester & Delaware Counties in PennsylvaniaParent stock from Cheshire, Lincolnshire, & Yorkshire (Englishorigin)Large & WhiteDroopy earsSmall bluish spots or freckles are sometimes present on skin Selected against thoughSows are noted for mothering ability Large litters that grow out rapidlyLandrace:PPT Slide 13-15What was the Landrace breedoriginally imported to the U.S.for?What are the physicalcharacteristics of the Landrace?--Descendents of Danish Landrace that had its origin in 1895For many years, Denmark refused to export purebredLandrace breed stock because the Landrace was used mainlyfor bacon exporting for the country of Denmark.1st imported to U.S. in 1934 for experimental purposes onlyIn 1949 Denmark released the restrictions on the breeding ofthe Landrace for purebred breeding stockWhite hair & skinLong, deep sideWhat is considered grounds forrefusal into the breedassociation for a Landrace?What are the Landrace notedfor?

-Flat blackSmall black spots on skin are commonAny black hair on the animal can be grounds for refusal ofregistration by breed associationStraight snout & trim jowlVery large, slightly drooping earsKnown for their length of bodySows are prolific, farrow large litters, & have good motheringabilityMedium sizeNoted for its efficient feed utilization & meaty carcassYorkshire:PPT Slide 16-18Why did the early Yorkshiresnow gain popularity?--AKA: Large White BreedDeveloped in England in the County of YorkImported to U.S. in 1830 from England to OhioAt first, Yorkshire failed to gain popularity due to: Slow growth rate Short noseImproved with selection & importation to a more durable &productive breedToday, one of the more recorded breeds of swine in the U.S.White w/ occasional black frecklesErect earsDished faceExtremely long & deep sidedHigh carcass qualityVery prolific“Mother Breed” Excellent mothering abilityLarge breed, used widely in crossbreeding programsWhat are the physicalcharacteristics of a Yorkshire?What breed is considered the“Mother Breed”?Why is the Yorkshireconsidered the “MotherBreed”?What are Yorkshires widelyused in?

Terminal breeds- Berkshire- Duroc- Hampshire- Poland China- Spotted Poland China- PietrainBerkshire:PPT Slide 19PPT Slides 20-22Describe the physicalcharacteristics of a Berkshire.How much white is allowed ona Berkshire?What characteristics of theBerkshire’s head are sodistinct?---Origin: Berkshire County, EnglandBrought to U.S. in 1823One of the oldest improved breedsBlack w/ 6 white points 4 feet Some on face White switch on tail Any or all of the points may be missingMore than 10% of white on body will disqualify it!Most distinctive characteristic is the head! Short snout & turned up Erect EarsProduces a high quality carcassDuroc:PPT Slides 23-25When were the breedstandards first developed forthe Duroc?What color and ear type does aDuroc have?-First called “Duroc-Jersey”Origin: Jersey Reds of New Jersey Red Durocs of New York Red Berkshires of ConnecticutWhat are Durocs known for?(Maternal and Terminal traits)

-Breed standards developed in 1885Color: Medium Cherry Red Can vary from a golden yellow to a dark redDroopy earsSows are prolific w/ good mothering abilityExcellent feeding capacityProduce large amounts of milkVery desirable carcassLarge breedOutstanding muscle qualityFast growersHampshire:PPT Slides 26-28What is the Hampshire admiredfor?--Origin: Southern Scotland & Northern EnglandWas known as “Old English Breed”Admired for: Proficiency Hardy vigor Foraging ability Carcass qualityUsed extensively in crossbreeding because of good carcassqualitySmaller than some breedsBlack w/ white band around body at the shoulder includingfront legs and feetHead, tail, & back legs are blackErect earsFace is longer & straighter compared to other breedsSows are: Very prolific Have extra longevity Good mothersWhy are Hampshires usedextensively in crossbreedingprograms?What does a Hampshire looklike?Describe a Hampshire sow.

Poland China:PPT Slides 29-30Describe what a Poland Chinalooks like.--Developed between 1800 & 1850Black w/ 6 white points Blazed white face, feet, and tip of tail Absence of 1 or all white points does not disqualifythe animal from registrationHigh percentage of white markings are acceptable, althoughdiscouragedGood lengthThick hamsProduces highly desirable carcassLarge breedDrooping earsTrim headSpotted Poland China (Spot):PPT Slide 31-32What is a Spotted Poland Chinausually called?-Developed of the “Spot” is the same as the Poland China(differ only in color)National Spotted Poland China Association in 1914, changedto Spotted Swine Record in 196050% black, 50% whiteEligible for registration: between 20%-80% of the body mustbe whiteDrooping earsLarge breed known for producing fast growing & feedefficient offspringHow much black and whitedoes a Spot have?What type of ears does a Spothave?What is the Spot breed knownfor?

Pietrain:PPT Slide 33-36Describe the early Pietrain.Describe the German Pietrain.----Birthplace: Pietrain, BelgiumExact origin is unknownEarly Pietrain: Smaller-framed Low daily gains Stress geneGerman Pietrain: Larger frame Offer maximum muscle High quality meat Stress freeCombination of the two has given the breed a reputation forimproving the quality of market swineMost producers use this breed to cross with other purebredsto get hybrids with very desirable carcass traitsColor varies Some are black w/ white markings (due to BelgiumPietrain had Berkshire influence) Some are lighter or white in color w/ black markings(due to Landrace influence) Any reddish tint is unacceptableErect earsMedium sizeShort legsHeavy musclingHigh proportion of lean to fatSows are prolific, but lack mothering capability & milkingproductionWhy do producers use thisbreed to cross with otherpurebreds?What color variety can aPietrain be?Describe the physicalcharacteristics of a Pietrain.What does a Pietrain sow lackin?

In groups of 2-3 discuss and brainstorm on large post-it what youlearned about a breed of hog. Groups will be assigned a differentbreed of hog than what they researched about. Groups will thenpresent in front of the class what they have learned. Each person inthe group will use their own color marker on the post-it so eachstudent can be graded individually.Students will be given largepost-it notes & markers.K. Match characteristics with breed name.Class will be divided in groups of 4. Each group will be given a set ofcharacteristics of a breed of hog. They are to determine what breedof hog their characteristics belong to. Once they have figured outwhich breed their characteristics belong to, the group will tape themunder the correct breed located on the wall. We will discuss eachbreed and make sure that each group got their breed correctly.There will be labels of thebreeds on the walls around theclassroom.Individually students will complete a matching worksheet withpictures and descriptions of breeds of hogs.Matching WorksheetReview & Evaluation:Objectives will be reviewed before examinations. Exams will be developed based on objectives astaught in class.Instructional Support:A. Referencesa. IMS online curriculumb. www.faostat.fao.orgc. www.nass.usda.govB. Teaching Aids & Equipmenta. Projectorb. PowerPointc. Different colored Markersd. Matching worksheete. Breed labelsf. Breed characteristic labelsg. Large post-it notesC. Facilitiesa. Agriculture building classroom

J. Describe uses of the major swine breeds; and K. Match characteristics with breed name. Interest Approach: A. Research Breeds of Swine; a. Prior to teaching this lesson, have students research Swine Breed Registries to obtain information on breeds