New Roof Construction R M A N U A L
RNew Roof ConstructionM A N U A L
INTRODUCTIONNew Roof Construction ManualCerti-labelTM ProductsCedar shakes and shingles manufactured bymembers of the Cedar Shake & ShingleBureau (”CSSB”) are the only productslabeled with the ”Certi” brand name.Certi-label cedar shakes and shingles aremade by experienced craftsmen who takepride in their trade and the quality of theirproduct. Despite their varying sizes andsometimes remote locations, member millsare bound together by a rigid quality code.Unannounced independent inspectionsconducted by accredited third party agenciesensure that product quality is maintained.Material for this manual has been compiledProducts are inspected to conform withfrom various authoritative sources, and manyvarious local, national and international codesof the construction methods shown hereinand standards (contact the CSSB for specifichave been developed by the shake and shingledetails).specialists in both the United States andCanada. The design and application detailsEach bundle of product has the mill’sand methods of construction reflect currentdistinctive Certi-label tucked under the bundlegood building practice. Other options arestrap. Asking for “the blue label” or “numberpossible but ensure that you check with yourone blue label” is not specific enough: CSSBlocal code jurisdiction for approval.members’ products are the only ones with theThis manual is intended for use with WesternRed Cedar and Alaskan Yellow Cedar shakeand shingle application only. Western RedCedar and Yellow Cedar productsmanufactured by CSSB members are labeledwith the “Certi” brand name. The species isindicated by either “Yellow” or “Red” Cedar atthe top of the label. For ease of reference thismanual refers to “Certi-labelTM Western Cedar”and the term is understood to include bothWestern Red Cedar and Alaskan Yellow Cedarproducts manufactured by CSSB members.The information in this manual isnot intended to supercede localbuilding codes.Cedar Shake & Shingle BureauHistoryOn June 9, 1915, at a meeting of the Trusteesof the West Coast Lumber ManufacturersAssociation, it was agreed to establish abranch of the association to serve thosemembers who manufactured shingles. Ourinfluence grew, and as we survived both theGreat Depression and World War II,manufacturers continued their qualitycommitment. In 1963 the organization mergedwith the Handsplit Shake Bureau to becomethe Red Cedar Shingle & HandsplitShake Bureau.Manufacturers’ product lines continued tobroaden and, in 1988, the members changedthe organization's name to the Cedar Shake &Shingle Bureau. In the late 1980s, mill qualitycontrol inspections were subcontracted toindependent, third party quality controlagencies.Each year the Cedar Shake & Shingle Bureau’sstaff answer thousands of technical questionsand product selection queries. Our proudhistory, quality reputation and dedicatedmembers provide excellent Certi-label cedar shake and shingle roofing andsiding products.Certi brand name on the label.Please Note: ONLY experienced professionalswho follow proper safety and workmanshippractices should implement the informationcontained herein.Product WarrantyThe CSSB administers a product warranty forCerti-label product applications performed byan Approved Installer. Warrantied Certi-labelproducts include ONLY Premium Grade andNumber 1 Grade materials.Note: This manual replaces all previousversions of the "Cedar Shake and ShingleBureau Design and Application Manualfor New Roof Construction.”CONTENTSCerti-label Productspages 1-2General Design &Application Detailspages 3-5Mansard Roof Detailspage 6Low Slope Roof Detailspage 7Hip & Ridge Detailspage 7Roof Juncture Detailspages 8-9Roof ValleyFlashing Detailspages 9-10Roof ProjectionFlashing Detailspage 11Roof FastenerGuidelinespage 12Ventilation Detailspages 13-14Specialty RoofDeck Detailspages 15-16Cold Roof SystemDetailspages 17-18High HumidityArea Detailspage 19Coverage &Exposure Tablespage 20Care & MaintenanceOverviewpages 21-22Specification Guidelinespages 23-24How to Read a Certi-label page 25Cover House Photo:Architect: Shope Reno WhartonPhoto: Robert BensonCover Product Photo: John Gordon
CERTI-LABEL PRODUCTSCERTI-LABEL CEDAR SHAKESCerti-Split Handsplit ShakesCERTI-SPLITPREMIUM GRADE100% Edge GrainHandsplit Red Cedar ShakesCEDAR SHAKE & SHINGLE BUREAUTHE RECOGNIZED AUTHORITY SINCE 1915SUMAS, WASHINGTON(604) 820-7700These shakes have split faces and sawn backs. Cedar logs are first cut intodesired lengths. Blanks or boards of proper thickness are split and then rundiagonally through a bandsaw to produce two tapered shakes from eachblank. Available in Premium Grade (100% edge grain) or Number 1 Grade(Up to 20% flat grain allowed in each bundle).Certi-Sawn Tapersawn ShakesPREMIUM GRADE100% Edge GrainTapersawn Red Cedar ShakesCEDAR SHAKE & SHINGLE BUREAUTHE RECOGNIZED AUTHORITY SINCE 1915SUMAS, WASHINGTON(604) 820-7700These shakes are sawn both sides. Premium and Number 1 Grades are themost common. Premium Grade is 100% edge grain, 100% clear and 100%heartwood. Number 1 Grade allows up to 20% flat grain in each bundle.Number 2 and 3 Grades are also available.Certi-Split TapersplitCERTI-SPLITPREMIUM GRADE100% Edge GrainHandsplit Red Cedar ShakesProduced by hand, using a sharp bladed steel froe and a mallet. The naturalshingle-like taper is achieved by reversing the block, end-for-end, with eachsplit. Premium Grade only. (100% edge grain)CEDAR SHAKE & SHINGLE BUREAUTHE RECOGNIZED AUTHORITY SINCE 1915SUMAS, WASHINGTON(604) 820-7700Certi-Split Straight-SplitCERTI-SPLITPREMIUM GRADE100% Edge GrainHandsplit Red Cedar ShakesProduced by machine or in the same manner as tapersplit shakes exceptthat by splitting from the same end of the block, the shakes acquire thesame thickness throughout. Premium Grade only. (100% edge grain)CEDAR SHAKE & SHINGLE BUREAUTHE RECOGNIZED AUTHORITY SINCE 1915SUMAS, WASHINGTON(604) 820-7700CERTIGRADE CEDAR SHINGLESNumber 1 Blue LabelCERTIGRADERed Cedar Shingles- 100% Edge Grain - 100% All Clear - 100% Heartwood -The premium grade of shingles for roofs and sidewalls. These top-gradeshingles are 100% heartwood, 100% clear and 100% edge grain. Availablein 16" or 18" or 24" lengths.CEDAR SHAKE & SHINGLE BUREAUTHE RECOGNIZED AUTHORITY SINCE 1915SUMAS, WASHINGTON(604) 820-7700Number 2 Red LabelA good grade for many applications. Not less than 10" clear on 16" shingles,11" clear on 18" shingles and 16" clear on 24" shingles. Flat grain andlimited sapwood are permitted in this grade.(604) 820-7700Number 3 Black LabelA utility grade for economy applications and secondary buildings. Not lessthan 6" clear on 16" and 18" shingles, 10" clear on 24" shingles.(604) 820-7700Number 4 UndercoursingA utility grade for undercoursing of double coursed sidewalls only. Not aroofing material and not to be used as a starter course for roofs.(604) 820-77001
CERTI-LABEL ted Treated ProductsCerti-label products can also be treated. Products are available eitherfire-retardant-treated OR preservative-treated. Special care must be taken tofollow the treatment company’s recommended installation instructions.PRESSURE-TREATED FIRE-RETARDANT SHAKES & SHINGLESCEDAR SHAKE & SHINGLE BUREAUPRESSURE-TREATED FIRE-RETARDANT SHAKES & SHINGLESCEDAR SHAKE & SHINGLE BUREAUCerti-Guard Fire-Retardant Treated Cedar Shakes and ShinglesPremium and Number 1 Grades of Certi-Split shakes, Certi-Sawn shakes, andNumber 1 Grades of Certigrade shingles are available pressure-impregnatedwith fire retardants. Certi-Guard products may be used for Class A, B and Croof systems. Contact the treatment company for treatment warrantyinformation, accessory product requirements (including recommendedfastener types) and application details for treated cedar material. Local codejurisdictions have additional information regarding applications in specificareas.Certi-Last Preservative-Treated Cedar Shakes and ShinglesCERTI-LASTRPRESERVATIVE TREATED CEDAR SHAKES & SHINGLESCEDAR SHAKE & SHINGLE BUREAUPremium and Number 1 Grades of Certi-Split shakes, Certi-Sawn shakes, andNumber 1 Grades of Certigrade shingles are available preservative-treated bypressure processes. This product is ideal in areas of high humidity. Specify theCerti-Last treating label for this extra protection. Contact the treatmentcompany for treatment warranty information, accessory product requirements(including recommended fastener types) and application details for treatedcedar material.Note: Cedar’s natural color varies as shown in these examples, yet withoutapplying a paint or stain it will all weather to a beautiful gray.Roof Applicationn QuickRefereence Guidee Be sure that felt interlay paper onshakes does not extend below a linethat is twice the exposure above thebutt (i.e. a 24" shake at 10",exposure would have felt applied 20”above the butt). Never interlay shingles with felt. Keyways must not be aligned andmust be a minimum 1 1/2” offsetfrom the course above. DO NOT drive nail heads or staplecrowns below wood surface. Overdriving or underdriving thefasteners can seriously damage theintegrity of your roofing system.Photo: Celia Pearson
GENERAL DESIGN AND APPLICATION DETAILSSheathingShakes and shingles may be applied overspaced sheathing. Spaced sheathing is usually1 x 4 or 1 x 6 softwood boards and shall notbe less than 1 x 4 boards.Solid sheathing is recommended for shakesand may be required in seismic regions orunder treated shakes and shingles. Solidsheathing is used in areas with wind-drivensnow. Please note that the only solid sheetsheathing tested with Certi-label shakes andshingles is plywood. Check with your localbuilding official for plywoodthickness/dimensions. Eave protection is usedon the edge where 36" felt underlay is usedand should extend up at least 24" beyond theexterior wall but it is not meant to cover theentire roof.Certi-label shakesNote: Do not cover the entire deck withnon-permeable underlayment. See CSSBtechnical bulletin “Asphalt-SaturatedOrganic Felt”.Spaced sheathingProduct should project 1 1/2"beyond the fascia andapproximately 1"over the gableor rake endGutterSolid sheathing at eaveRafterEave protection(extend to rake edge)FasciaRafter headerFigure 1: Spaced SheathingFor applications using varied exposures, the center of thesheathing board should be equal to the distance of the exposure.Staggered Butt ApplicationsStaggered butt applications are made byshortening the exposure less than the greatermaximum exposure. No shakes or shinglesshall be applied greater than the maximumexposure allowed. Check with local buildingcodes for approval of this installation method.3Certi-label shakesProduct should project 1 1/2 "beyond the fascia andapproximately 1"over the gableor rake endSolid sheathingGutterRafterEave protection(extend to rake edge)FasciaRafter headerNote: in areas of high humidity,nailing strips or a continuousventilation product may beused, or Certi-Last treatedshakes may be applied directlyto the deck.Figure 2: Solid Sheathing2 x 4 spacers1 x 4 or 1 x 6nailing stripsCerti-label shinglesSolid sheathingProduct should project 1 1/2beyond the fascia andapproximately 1"over the gableor rake endGutterSolid sheathing at eaveFasciaEave protection(extend to rake edge)Rafter headerRafterFigure 3: Spaced Over Solid Combination SheathingThis is the preferred system for shingle application, in areas with high humidity or where additionalventilation is required. When using Certi-Last products, they may be applied directly to the deck.
GENERAL DESIGN AND APPLICATION DETAILS4Certi-label ShakesA solid deck is recommended in seismicactivity, hurricane and tornado regions and inareas where wind-driven snow is encountered.Roofing felt system interlay between the shakecourses is required whether the sheathing isspaced or solid. The felt interlay acts as abaffle that prevents wind-driven snow or otherforeign material from entering the attic cavityduring extreme weather conditions. The feltinterlays also increase the roof's insulationvalue. The felt interlay system forces water tothe surface.If spaced sheathing is used in shakeapplication, the sheathing is usually 1 x 6boards spaced on centers equal to theweather exposure, (Table 4, Page 20) at whichthe shakes are to be laid - but never morethan 7 ½” for 18” shakes and 10” for 24”shakes on roof installations. When 1 x 4spaced sheathing is installed at 10" on center,additional 1 x 4 boards must be installed (i.e.maximum allowable spacing is approximately3 1/2" measured from edge to edge betweenthe sheathing boards). Please note that theonly solid sheet sheathing tested with Certilabel shakes & shingles is plywood. Checkwith your local building official for plywoodthickness/dimensions.Special care should be taken when installingthe felt interlays over spaced sheathing toensure that an effective baffle is formed(Figure 1). The felt should be applied over thetop portion of the shakes and extend on to thespaced sheathing so that the bottom edge ofthe felt is positioned at a distance above thebutt equal to twice the weather exposure.Two nails (only) for eachshake approximately 3/4" fromedge and approximately 1 1/2"above exposure line.Space shakes 3/8"to 5/8" apartThe bottom edge of the felt should be positionedabove the butt of the shake at a distance equal totwice the weather exposure. Never interlay shingleswith felt.ExposureProduct shouldproject 1 1/2"beyond the fasciaand approximately 1"over the gable or rake endPlywood sheathingAdjacent course jointsshould be offset1 1/2" minimumGutterEave protection (extend to rake edge)Starter courseRafter headerRafterFasciaFigure 4: Certi-label Shake Application6. Straight-split shakes should be laid with theyour area). The bottom edge of the feltfroe-end (the end from which the shake hasshould be positioned above the butt of thebeen split and which is smoother) towardsshake at a distance equal to twice thethe ridge.weather exposure. For example, 24" shakes,felt extends up 14" onto the sheathingNotes: See page 19 for high humidity areas.forcing water to the surface.4. Spacing between adjacent shakes should beCurrently the only acceptable solida minimum of 3/8" and a maximum of 5/8”.sheathing product tested for use with5. Shakes shall be laid with a side lap of notCerti-label shakes is plywood.less than 1 1/2" between joints in adjacentcourses.Certi-label Shake ApplicationShakes, like shingles, are normally applied instraight, single courses. The followingapplication details (Figure 4) must beobserved.1. The starter course may be one or two layersof cedar shingles or shakes overlaid with thedesired shake. A 15" shake is madeexpressly for starter and finish courses.2. Butts of first course shakes should project1 1/2" beyond the fascia and approximately1" over the gable or rake end.3. The CSSB recommends using an 18" widestrip of No. 30 ASTM D226 Type II or No. 30ASTM D4869 Type IV roofing felt laid overthe top portion of shakes and extending onto the sheathing. (Check with your localbuilding official for exact specifications inArchitect: Shope Reno Wharton, Photo: Robert Benson
GENERAL DESIGN AND APPLICATION DETAILSCerti-label ShinglesThere are two acceptable methods forapplication of spaced sheathing: One is tospace 1 x 4 boards to coincide with theweather exposure (Table 2, Page 20) of theshingles (Figure 5). Thus, if the shingles are tobe laid at 5 1/2" to the weather, the sheathingboards would also be spaced at 5 1/2" oncenter. In this method of application eachshingle is nailed to the center of the 1 x 4board. With 7 1/2" weather exposures, thecenter of the sheathing board shall equal thedistance of the weather exposure.Alternatively, although not commonly used, apermeable underlayment (i.e. breathable),such as roofing felt, may be applied overeither solid or spaced sheathing.Please note that the only solid sheathingproduct tested for use with Certi-label shakesand shingles is plywood. Check with yourlocal building official for plywoodthickness/dimensions.For 4:12 slope and steeper, useNumber 1 Grade shingles at 5",5 1/2" and 7 1/2” exposures for16", 18" and 24" shinglesrespectively. For lower roofslopes and lower productgrades use reduced exposures(See Page 20)5Two nails (only) for eachshingle approximately 3/4" fromedge and approximately 1 1/2”above exposure line.Spaced sheathing shouldbe 1 x 4 or 1 x 6Space shingles1/4" - 3/8" apartAlternate coursejoints shouldnot alignAdjacent course jointsshould be offset1 1/2" minimumGutterSolid wood sheathingEave protection (extend to rake edge)Product should project1 1/2" beyond the fasciaFasciaand approximately 1"over the gable or rake endFirst course doubled or tripledRafterheaderRafterFigure 5: Certi-label Shingle ApplicationCerti-label Shingle ApplicationRegardless of style, the following basicapplication details (Figure 5) must beobserved.1. Shingles must be doubled or tripled at alleaves.2. Butts of first course shingles should project1 1/2" beyond the fascia and approximately1" over the gable or rake end.3. Spacing between adjacent shingles (joints)should be a minimum of 1/4" and amaximum of 3/8".4. Certi-label shingles shall be laid with a sidelap not less than 1 1/2" between joints inadjacent courses, and not more than 10%shall be in direct alignment in alternatecourses. Check with your local buildingofficial in your area.5. In lesser grade shingles (Figure 5a)containing both flat and vertical grain, jointsshould not be aligned with centerline ofheart.6. Flat grain shingles wider than 8" should besplit in two before nailing. Knots and similardefects should be treated as the edge of theshingle and the joint in the course aboveplaced 1 1/2" from the edge of the defect.Centerline of heart1 1/2"Knot orsimilar defectFigure 5a: Course AlignmentNEW PICArchitect: Gaylord Grainger, Libby O’Brien-Smith Architects, Photo: Eduardo Calderon
6MANSARD ROOF DETAILSThe mansard is particularly well suited torenovation work on pitched roof housesbecause the upper story can be enlargedwithout adding extra height to the structure.The low downward slope of the mansard roofline acts visually to reduce the scale of abuilding and helps to eliminate a boxyappearance. This technique is used frequentlyon large commercial projects, particularlythose near residential neighborhoods. It isalso a common solution to the problem ofavoiding a monotonous appearance on flatroofed frame apartment buildings.Properly used, a mansard roof can strengthenthe design without substantially increasingconstruction costs. If raised up above the levelof a built-up roof the mansard can screen outroof penetrations or mechanical equipment.The variety of mansard roofs is practicallyinfinite. One of the most widely used (andmisused) roof designs, its proportions andscale are very important and care should betaken to avoid a mansard roof line that iseither too skimpy or too generous.Two of the most widely used roofingmaterials on the mansard roof are Certi-labelcedar shakes and shingles. Cedar shakes, withtheir heavier texture and solid appearance,are perhaps more frequently specified formansards although shingles are also used,particularly when a lighter scale is desired.The bottom edge of the felt should bepositioned above the butt of theshake at a distance equal totwice the weather exposure.Never interlay shingles with felt.Two nails (only) for eachshake approximately 3/4" fromedge and approximately 1 1/2"above exposure line.Plywood SheathingCerti-label shakesSpace shakes 3/8"to 5/8" apartProduct should project1 1/2" beyond the fasciaand approximately 1"over the gable or rake endEave protectionmin. 36"Figure 6: Mansard RoofThe light weight and ease of application ofCerti-label shakes and shingles contributesubstantially to economical construction.Construction details for typical mansard roofsare shown in Figure 6.Photo: Murray Levin
LOW SLOPE ROOF DETAILS, HIP AND RIDGE DETAILSThe minimum roof slope on which
Roof Juncture Details pages 8-9 Roof Valley Flashing Details pages 9-10 Roof Projection Flashing Details page 11 Roof Fastener Guidelines page 12 Ventilation Details pages 13-14 Specialty Roof Deck Details pages 15-16 Cold Roof System Details pages 17-18 High Humidity Area Details page 19 Coverage & Exposure Tables page 20 Care & Maintenance Overview pages 21-22 Specification Guidelines pages .
A low slope roof or flat roof has four parts such as roof deck, vapour retarder, insulation and roof membrane. The combination of these parts is known as roof assembly. 3.1 Roof Deck An entire roof system is held up by a roof deck. This is the base of roof assembly. Roo
1.1 Sloped Roof Eave 1.2 Sloped Roof Gable 1.3 Ridge Vent Detail 1.4 Roof Penetration 1.5 Sloped Roof at Chimney - Side 1.6 Cricket at Chimney 1.7 Chimney at Sloped Roof - 3D View 1.8 Roof Overhang at Exterior Wall 1.9 Sloped Roof at Dormer - Head Wall 1.10 Sloped Roof at Dormer - Side Wall 1.11 Valley Detail FLASHINGS 2.1 Roof Diverter .
of the green roof components. The distributions of the conventional roof and green roof were summed to obtain the total cost of installation for a new green roof with a new conventional roof. The mean difference between the cost of the green roof and the conventional roof is defined
38. roof access ladder with lockable roof scuttle - see reflected ceiling plan and roof plan for additional information - typ. 39. roof drain and overflow roof drain. connect roof drain to underground storm drain pipe per civil drawings, overflow roof drain to daylight. overflow roof drain to have cast bronz
Roof Tiler’sWage RM 80.00/hours Cost Of Roof Tiles Per Hour RM 10.00 NosOf Roof Tiles Fixed Per Person Per Hour 95 pcs Cost Of Labour Per Piece Of Roof Tile RM 10.00 95 pcs RM 0.11 NosOf Roof Tiles Per M2 9.83 pcs Cost Of Labour Per Roof Square Of Roof Tiles 9.83pcs x RM 0.11 10
Roof Layout Plan. Roof Plan A roof plan is commonly drawn to a scale of 1/8 inch per foot or 1/16 inch per foot. A roof plan shows the shape of the roof, as well as roofing materials, underlayment and location of vents. Roof Plan A roof framing plan shows size and direction of the
Flat Roof Board 200 0.034 90 200 Flat Roof Board 250 0.034 100 250 Flat Roof Board 300 0.033 120 300 Flat Roof Board 350 0.033 140 350 Flat Roof Board 400 0.033 160 400 Flat Roof Board 500 0.033 190 500 Flat Roof Board HP 150 0.031 70 150 Example Point Load Calculation Air Handling Unit -2000kg Square Spacer Pads -300 x 300mm x 4No
Unit 5: American Revolution . 2 A m e r i c a n R e v o l u t i o n Political and Economic Relationships between Great Britain and the Colonies England became Great Britain in the early 1700s, and it was throughout this century that the British colonies in America grew and prospered. The growth of the colonies made it more and more difficult for Great Britain to remain in control. King .
