Chapter 20 Protists.notebook

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Chapter 20 Protists.notebookChapter 20March 11, 2016Protists20 1Key ConceptsWhat are protists?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v Ln69k7LyTsU(20 Minutes)Protistany organism that is NOT a plant, animal, fungi, prokaryoteinclude more than 200,000 speciesgrouping for organisms that don't fit into other kingdomsKingdom name ProtistaOne way protists are classified is by how they eat.Animal likeheterotrophseat other organismsPlantlikemake own foodFunguslikeexternal digestion decomposer or parasiteJan 15 8:43 AM1

Chapter 20 Protists.notebookMarch 11, 201620 2Animal like Protists: ProtozoansKey ConceptsWhat are the distinguishing features of the major phyla ofanimal like protists?How do animal like protists harm other living things?Protozoafirst animals4 phyla based on how they movebroken down1. ZooflagellatesPhylum Zoomastiginaswim with flagella long whiplike structuresmost have one or two some have manylive in lakes, streams, other organismsabsorb food through cell membrane of decayingorganic matterasexual and sexual reproductiongiardia2. SarcodinesPhlum Sarcodinamove by cytoplasmic projections pseudopodspseudopods false foot, used for feeding/movementamoeboid movement extending the pseudopod3. CiliatesPhylum Ciliophoracilia short, hairlike projections used for feedingand movementboth fresh and salt watermost common is the parameciumPage 501trichocysts used in defense, release a stiffprojection that protects the celltwo nucleimacronucleus copies of the informationthat is neededmicronucleus reserve copy of all cell's genesgullet indentation in organismanal pore releases wastescontractile vacuole collects water and thencontracts to pump water out ofthe parameciumconjugation exchanging of genetic material pg 5024. SporozoansPhylum SporozoaDo NOT move on their own parasiticreproduce by sporozoite pg 503Animal like Protists and DiseaseMalariacaused by Plasmodiumcarried by the female Anopheles mosquitofirst infects the liver cells then moves to thered blood cells which produce chills/fevermost strains are resistant to vaccinesAfrican Sleeping Sicknessspread from the flyTrypanosoma Zooflagellates that destroyred blood cells and infect othertissues of the bodyAmebic DysenteryEntamoeba parasitic amoebaslive in the intestine and absorb food and attackwall of intestine causing bleedingpassed out of body through feces which thencan be passed into water supplyGiardiapoor sanitationparasites are found in lakes, ponds, rivers andstreams worldwide, as well as in municipalwater supplies, wells, swimming pools, waterparks and spas. Ground and surface water canbecome contaminated from agricultural runoff,wastewater discharge or animal feces.Children in diapers and people with diarrheamay accidentally contaminate pools and spasparasites can be transmitted through food —either because food handlers with giardia don'twash their hands thoroughly or because rawproduce is irrigated or washed withcontaminated water. Because cooking foodkills giardia, food is a less common source ofinfection than water is, especially inindustrialized countries.Jan 15 11:01 AM2

Chapter 20 Protists.notebookMarch 11, 201620 3 Plantlike Protists Unicellular AlgaeKey ConceptsWhat is the function of chlorophyll and accessory pigments inalgae?What are the distinguishing features of the major phyla ofunicellular algae?Plantlike Protists algaeTraits used to classify algae is the type of pigments in algae.Pigments used for photosynthesis.Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, and Chlorophyll c trap the sunlightof different wavelengths so more energy from the sun can beused.Accessory Pigmentsabsorb light at different wavelengths and pass energyalong for photosynthesisgives algae a wide range of colors due to the reflection ofdifferent wavelengths7 Phyla This section includes 41. Euglenophytestwo flagella for swimmingno cell wallcontain chloroplasts similar to zooflagellatesEuglena common organismfound in ponds and lakes worldwideeyespot (stigma) used to locate sunlightif no sunlight will absorb decaying matter to becomea heterotrophpellicle cell membrane, ridges made of microtubulesbut flexiblethey can crawl through mud when there is not enoughwater to swimreproduce asexually2. ChrysophytesChrysophyta golden plantsyellow green and golden brown algaegold colored chloroplastsstore food in the form of oil instead of starchreproduce asexually and sexuallyusually do not move, some form colonies3. Bacillariophytamost abundantdiatomsmost are unicellularfreshwater, saltwater, and damp soilautotrophs and heterotrophsused in polishing productstoothpasteinsecticide sharp cell walls puncture the bodies of insectscentric radially symmetricalpennate bilaterally symmetricalside viewFreshwater Diatoms4. PyrrophytaPyrrophyta fire plantsfreshwater, saltwater, riversDinoflagellatesphotosynthetic and heterotrophsreproduce asexuallydefense flagella find grooves in the thick platesthat surround the cellgive off lightWhy are Plantlike Protists Important?Phytoplanktonphotosynthetic organisms found near surface of the oceanbase of food chain which helps with diversityProtists help with the recycling of sewage. If a lot of sewage isbeing released this causes an increase in population of algae thatgrow in blooms. These blooms will decrease the water nutrientswhich decreases the oxygen level and causing fish andinvertebrates to die.Jan 21 3:15 PM3

Chapter 20 Protists.notebookMarch 11, 2016Section 20 4 Plantlike Protists: Red, Brown, Green AlgaeKey ConceptsWhat are the distinguishing features of the major phyla ofmulticellular algae?How do multicellular algae reproduce?3 Phyla of multicellular algae1. Rhodophyta red plantscan live in deep water to depths of 260 m or shallow wateruse accessory pigments reddish phycobilinscontain chlorophyll amany red algae are also green, purple, reddish blackprovide nutrients from photosynthesisdesserts, salad dressings, toothpaste, cosmetics, paints2. Phaeophyta dusky plants brown algaecontain chlorophyll a and ccontain brown accessory pigment fucoxanthinlargest of all algae groupsmulticellularmarine watersused to thicken ice cream,Fucus rockweed3. Chlorophyta green plants green algaesimilar cell walls to plants cellulosechlorophyll a and bstore food in form of starchfound in fresh and salt waterUnicellular Green AlgaeChlamydomonas lives in ponds ditches2 flagellaColonial Green AlgaeFilaments threadlike colonies of algaeVolvoxMulticellular Green AlgaeUlva sea lettuceUses of tion of AlgaeAlternation of Generationsswitching back and forth between haploid and diploid stageJan 22 2:55 PM4

Chapter 20 Protists.notebookMarch 11, 201620 5 Funguslike ProtistsKey ConceptsWhat are the similarities and differences between funguslikeprotists and fungi?What are the defining characteristics of the slime molds andwater molds?Funguslike vs Fungiboth heterotrophs through absorptionunlike fungi, funguslike have centrioles and lack the chitincell wallsFunguslike ProtistsSlime Moldsdamp and rich in organic matterrecycles organic materialTwo groups of Slime MoldsCellular Slime MoldsPhylum Acrasiomycotaindividual cells remain distinct and areseparated by cell membranesunicellular but look like multicellular whenthey join up during reproductionReproductioncells aggregate to a colonycolony migrates for a few centimetersproduce fruiting body produces sporeswhich are scatteredhttp://www.ck12.org/life science/Fungus like Protists in Life Science/enrichment/Slime Mold Movies/?referrer featured contentAcellular Slime MoldsPhylum MyxomycotaCells fuse to form large cells with many nucleiReproductioncell fuse together to form a plasmodia (plural)plasmodium (singular)plasmodia begin to growsmall fruiting bodies (sporangia)spores scatter where they germinateWater MoldsPhylum Oomycotafeed on dead or decaying organic matter in WATERparasites of plants on landcell wallshyphae (plural) hypha (singular)thin filaments of material that can absorb O2,reproduction,sexual and asexual reproductionAntheridium a structure on the hypa thatproduces male nucleiOogonium a structure on the hypa thatproduces female nucleiJan 23 12:58 PM5

Chapter 20 Protists.notebookBlepharismaStentorMarch 11, n 29 9:21 AM6

Chapter 20 Protists.notebook 3 March 11, 2016 Jan 21 3:15 PM 20 3 Plantlike Protists Unicellular Algae Key Concepts What is the function of chlorophyll and accessory pigments in

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