LibreOffice Math Guide Version 7
CopyrightThis document is Copyright 2020 by the LibreOffice Documentation Team. Contributors are listedbelow. You may distribute it and/or modify it under the terms of either the GNU General PublicLicense (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html), version 3 or later, or the Creative CommonsAttribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), version 4.0 or later.All trademarks within this guide belong to their legitimate owners.ContributorsThis book is adapted and updated from OpenOffice.org 3.3 Math Guide.To this editionRafael LimaOlivier HallotJean Hollis WeberLibreOffice 7.x Guide Series cover design by Rizal Mutaqin, reviewed and improved by DrewJensen and Olivier Hallot.To previous editionsRoman KuznetsovPeter SchofieldJean Hollis WeberT. J. FrazierJanet M. SwisherDave BartonHazel RussmanDaniel CarreraPeter KupferMichele ZarriOlivier HallotLaurent Balland-PoirierAgnes BelzunceIan LaurensonAdditional material has been added from the German Math Handbuch for LibreOffice 3.4(translated to English by Hazel Russman). Contributors to that book are:Regina HenschelGisbert Friege (Dmaths)Christian KühlJochen SchiffersFlorian ReisingerAdditional material has been added from the French How-To Math for LibreOffice (translated toEnglish by Laurent Balland-Poirier). Contributors to that book are:Bernard SiaudFrédéric ParreninFeedbackPlease direct any comments or suggestions about this document to the Documentation Team’smailing list: documentation@global.libreoffice.org. This mailing list is meant for comments on LOdocumentation and should not be used for other purposes as bug reporting or to question aboutLibreOffice functionalities.NoteEverything you send to a mailing list, including your email address and any otherpersonal information that is written in the message, is publicly archived and cannot bedeleted.Publication date and software versionPublished October 2020. Based on LibreOffice 7.0.Documentation for LibreOffice is available at https://documentation.libreoffice.org/en
ContentsCopyright. 2Preface.5Who is this book for?. 6Where to get more help. 6What you see may be different.7Using LibreOffice on macOS.8Chapter 1 Creating & Editing Formulas.9Introduction. 10Getting started. 10Creating formulas. 13Editing formulas. 18Formula layout. 18Changing formula appearance.25Formula library. 33Chapter 2 Formulas in Writer.35Introduction. 36Automatic formula numbering.36Anchoring formulas. 37Vertical alignment. 38Object spacing. 39Text mode. 40Background and borders. 40Quick insertion of formulas. 42Chapter 3 Formulas in Calc, Draw & Impress.43Introduction. 44Anchoring formulas. 44Formula object properties. 44Formulas in charts. 45Chemical formulas. 46Chapter 4 Customization.47Introduction. 48Floating dialogs. 48Adding keyboard shortcuts. 48Catalog customization. 51Formula spacing. 54Chapter 5 Exporting & Importing.56MathML format. 57Microsoft file formats. 57Appendix A Commands Reference.58Introduction. 59Unary/binary operator commands.59LibreOffice Math Guide Version 7.0 3
Relation commands. 60Set operation commands. 62Functions. 63Operators. 64Attributes. 67Brackets. 69Formats. 73Others. 74Greek characters. 75Special characters. 77Reserved words. 774 LibreOffice Math Guide Version 7.0
Math GuidePreface
Who is this book for?LibreOffice Math is a formula (equation) editor that is an integral part of LibreOffice. Anyone whowants to learn how to insert formulas and equations using Math will find this guide valuable.If you have never used LibreOffice Math before, or you want an introduction to all of theLibreOffice components, you might like to read the LibreOffice Getting Started Guide first.Where to get more helpThis guide, other LibreOffice user guides, the built-in Help system, and user support systemsassume that you are familiar with your computer and basic functions such as starting a program,opening and saving files.Help systemLibreOffice comes with an extensive Help system. This is your first line of support for usingLibreOffice. Windows and Linux users can choose to download and install the offline Help for usewhen not connected to the Internet; the offline Help is installed with the program on macOS.To display the full Help system, press F1 or go to Help LibreOffice Help on the main menubar. In addition, you can choose whether to activate Extended tips by going to Tools Options LibreOffice General on the main menu bar.You can hover the mouse pointer over any of the icons and a small balloon (tooltip) will pop upgiving a brief explanation of the function for that icon. For a more detailed explanation, selectHelp What's This? on the main menu bar and hover the pointer over the icon.Free online supportThe LibreOffice community not only develops software, but provides free, volunteer-basedsupport. See Table 1 and this web page: http://www.libreoffice.org/get-help/Table 1: Free support for LibreOffice usersAsk LibreOfficeQuestions and answers from the LibreOffice DocumentationUser guides, how-tos, and other tion/PublicationsMailing listsFree community support is provided by a network of experienced lists/FAQsAnswers to frequently asked ternational supportAccessibility optionsThe LibreOffice website in various c/International mailing listshttps://wiki.documentfoundation.org/Local Mailing ListsInformation about available accessibility sibility/You can get comprehensive online support from the community through mailing lists and the AskLibreOffice website, http://ask.libreoffice.org/en/questions/. Other websites run by users also offer6 LibreOffice Math Guide Version 7.0
free tips and tutorials. This forum provides support for LibreOffice, among other programs:http://forum.openoffice.org/en/forum/Paid support and trainingYou can also pay for support through service contracts from a vendor or consulting firmspecializing in LibreOffice. For information about certified professional support, see TheDocument Foundation’s website: /What you see may be differentLibreOffice runs on Windows, Linux, and macOS operating systems, each of which has severalversions and can be customized by users (fonts, colors, themes, window managers).IllustrationsThe illustrations in this guide were taken from the Windows 10 operating system. Therefore,some illustrations will not look exactly like what you see on your computer display.Also, some of the dialogs may be different because of the settings selected in LibreOffice. Youcan either use dialogs from your computer system or dialogs provided by LibreOffice. To changeto using LibreOffice dialogs if settings have been altered:1) Access the general options for LibreOffice as follows:– On Linux and Windows, go to Tools Options LibreOffice General on the mainmenu bar.– On macOS, go to LibreOffice Preferences General on the main menu bar.2) Select Use LibreOffice dialogs in Open/Save Dialogs to display and use the LibreOfficedialogs for opening and saving files.3) For Linux operating systems only, select Use LibreOffice dialogs in Print Dialogs todisplay and use the LibreOffice dialogs for printing your documents.4) Click OK to save your settings and close the dialog.NoteIf you are using a Linux operating system as a virtual machine on a computerrunning a Windows or Mac operating system, then the LibreOffice option of usingPrint Dialogs is not available.IconsThe icons used to illustrate some of the many tools available in LibreOffice may differ from theones used in this guide. The icons in this guide have been taken from a LibreOffice installationthat has been set to display the default set of icons. If you wish, you can change your LibreOfficeicons as follows:1)Access the view options for LibreOffice as follows:– On Linux and Windows, go to Tools Options LibreOffice View on the mainmenu bar.– On macOS, go to LibreOffice Preferences View on the main menu bar.2)In Icon Style, select from the options available in the Icon Style drop-down list.Preface 7
3)Click OK to save your settings and close the dialog.Using LibreOffice on macOSSome keystrokes and menu items are different on macOS from those used in Windows andLinux. The table below gives some common substitutions for the instructions in this book. For amore detailed list, see the application Help.Windows or LinuxmacOS equivalentEffectTools Options menuLibreOffice PreferencesAccess setup optionsRight-clickControl click or right-clickdepending on computer setupOpen a context menuCtrl (Control) (Command)Used with other keysF11 TOpen the Styles deck in the Sidebar8 LibreOffice Math Guide Version 7.0
Math GuideChapter 1Creating & Editing Formulas
IntroductionMath is a formula editor module included with LibreOffice that allows you to create or editformulas (equations) in a symbolic form, within LibreOffice documents or as stand-alone objects.Example formulas are shown below:df (x) 12 ln (x) tan (x ) or NH3 H2 O NH 4 OH dxThe Formula Editor in Math uses a markup language to represent formulas. This markuplanguage is designed to be easily read wherever possible. For example, the statement a overb using markup language produces the fractionawhen used in a formula.bKeep in mind that that LibreOffice Math is not capable of evaluating mathematical equations orperform actual calculations. For that purpose you should refer to the Calc Guide.Getting startedUsing the Formula Editor, you can create a formula as a separate document or file for a formulalibrary, or insert formulas directly into a document using LibreOffice Writer, Calc, Impress, orDraw.Formulas as separate documents or filesTo create a formula as a separate document or file, use one of the following methods to open anempty formula document in LibreOffice Math (Figure 1). On the main menu bar, go to File New Formula. On the Standard toolbar, click the triangle to the right of the New iconFormula from the context menu. From the Start Center, click Math Formula. From within LibreOffice Math, use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl N. You can also launch Math from the command line using libreoffice --math10 LibreOffice Math Guide Version 7.0and select
Figure 1: An overview of the Math interface to edit a mathematical formulaAs you enter the markup language in the Formula Editor, the formula will appear in the Previewwindow during and after input of the markup language. The Elements Dock to the left of thePreview window may also appear, if these have been selected in View on the main menu bar.Figure 2 illustrates how to enable the Elements dock in Math. For more information on creatingformulas, see “Creating formulas” on page 13.Figure 2: Enabling the Elements DockChapter 1 Creating & Editing Formulas 11
Formulas in LibreOffice documentsTo insert a formula into a LibreOffice document, open the document in Writer, Calc, Draw, orImpress. The LibreOffice module you are using affects how you position the cursor to insert theformula. In Writer, click in the paragraph where you want to insert the formula. In Calc, click in the spreadsheet cell where you want to insert the formula. In Draw and Impress, the formula is inserted into the center of the drawing or slide.Then, go to Insert Object Formula on the main menu bar to open the Formula Editor.Alternatively, go to Insert Object OLE Object on the main menu bar to open the Insert OLEObject dialog, then select Create new option, choose the Object Type “LibreOffice 7.0 Formula”and then click OK to open the Formula Editor. The Elements Dock to the left of the Previewwindow and/or the Elements dialog as a floating dialog may also appear, if these have beenselected in View on the main menu bar. For more information on creating formulas, see “Creatingformulas” on Page 13.Figure 3 shows an example Writer document with the formula box selected ready for a formula tobe entered.Figure 3: Empty formula in a Writer documentWhen you have completed entering the markup language for your formula, close the FormulaEditor by pressing the Esc key or by clicking an area outside the formula in your document.Double-clicking on the formula object in your document will open the Formula Editor again so thatyou can edit the formula.12 LibreOffice Math Guide Version 7.0
Formulas are inserted as OLE objects into documents. You can, as with any OLE object, changehow the object is placed within your document. For more information on OLE objects, seeChapter 2 Formulas in Writer, Chapter 3 Formulas in Calc, Draw & Impress and the user guidesfor Writer, Calc, Draw, and Impress.If you frequently insert formulas into documents, it is recommended to add the Formula button tothe Standard toolbar or create a keyboard shortcut. See Chapter 4 Customization for moreinformation.Creating formulasYou can create a formula using one of the following methods: In the Elements Dock, select a category from the drop-down list, then a symbol. Right-click in the Formula Editor and select a category, then a symbol from the contextmenu. Enter markup language directly in the Formula Editor.NoteUsing the Elements Dock or the context menus to create a formula provides aconvenient way to learn the markup language used by LibreOffice Math.TipWhen using the Elements Dock, it is recommended to have Extended Tips selectedin the LibreOffice Options. This will help you identify the categories and symbols youwant to use in your formula. Go to Tools Options on the main menu bar, thenselect LibreOffice General in the Options dialog and select Extended Tips in theHelp section.Elements DockThe Elements Dock is a visual tool that will help you create and edit your formula. It organizesmathematical symbols and operators
Math is a formula editor module included with LibreOffice that allows you to create or edit formulas (equations) in a symbolic form, within LibreOffice documents or as stand-alone objects. Example formulas are shown below: df(x) dx ln(x) tan 1(x2) or NH 3 H2O NH4 OH The Formula Editor in Math uses a markup language to represent formulas. This markup language is designed to be easily .
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This book assumes that you have successfully installed LibreOffice on your computer, and that you know how to create, edit, save, and print files. Although this book was written for LibreOffice 3.6, most of the information is relevant to earlier versions of LibreOffice and to Apache OpenOffice. Some details may vary with the version and
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